Solar panel unit

• US 4,106,952 A
• Filed: 09/09/1977
• Issued: 08/15/1978
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Jerome H. Kravitz
• Original Assignee: Jerome H. Kravitz
• Inventors: Kravitz, Jerome H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weisstuch, Aaron
• Application Number:
  US05/831,962
• Time in Patent Office: 340 Days
• Field of Search: 136/89 PC, 136/89 HY, 136/206, 126/270, 126/271
• US Class Current: 136/206
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/38 Cooling arrangements using the Peltier effect
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/0002 Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/052 Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells cooling means in combination with the PV module H02S40/42
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0521 using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0543 comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0547 comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 40/44 Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time directly associated with the PV cell or integrated with the PV cell H01L31/0525
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/52 PV systems with concentrators
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/60 Thermal-PV hybrids

Abstract

The elements of the solar panel are arranged generally in parallel planes that, starting from the top, include a transparent sheet, a plurality of converging lenses, a plurality of solar cells arranged in electrical series respectively aligned with the converging lenses, an electrically insulating support plate that together with the sides of the solar unit and the top sheet form a vacuum chamber for the lenses and solar cells to reduce heat transfer by convection and conduction upwardly from the solar cells, a thermopile, a heat sink plate receiving heat from the thermopile, heat transfer fins receiving heat from the heat sink plate, a serpentine conduit in heat exchange with the heat fins, thermal insulation, and a bottom plate that is connected to the side walls. Two side walls contain mating couplings for each of the conduit, thermopile, and photoelectric cells so that two adjacent panels may be interconnected with such couplings to provide fluid connection and electrical connection between the adjacent panels.

Claims

1. A solar energy conversion system, comprising:

a top fluid impervious sheet that freely passes solar radiant energy;

a plurality of photoelectric cell means arranged in a plane spaced below and parallel to said top sheet for receiving the solar radiant energy and directly converting a portion into electricity and converting substantially the remainder into heat;

means electrically connecting said photoelectric cell means in a power producing circuit;

a thermopile means below said photoelectric cell means for receiving the heat, converting a portion of the heat into electrical energy, and transmitting the remainder of the heat downwardly;

support means between said array of photoelectric cell means and said thermopile means for electrically insullating said thermopile means from said photoelectric cell means, for conducting heat downwardly, and converting any radiant energy directly received thereon into heat;

a planar heat sink means immediately below said thermopile means for receiving and transmitting downwardly the heat transmitted by said thermopile means; and

liquid conduit means beneath and in heat exchange relationship with said heat sink means.

2. The solar energy conversion system of claim 1, including side walls around the entire periphery of said top sheet, photoelectric cell means, support means, thermopile means, heat sink means and conduit means to form an enclosed unit;

one of said side walls having a first releasable electrical coupling part electrically connected to one of the electrical terminals of said thermopile means, a second releasable electric coupling part electrically connected to one of the electrical terminals of said photoelectric cell means, and a first conduit coupling part fluid connected to one end of said conduit means;

another of said side walls having a third releasable electrical coupling part of a mating configuration with said first releasable electrical coupling part being electrically connected to the other of the electrical terminals of said thermopile means, and being at a location to register with the first electrical coupling part of a horizontally aligned and immediately adjacent identical unit;

said another side wall having a fourth electrical coupling part of a mating configuration with said second releasable electrical coupling part, being electrically connected to the other of the electrical terminals of said series connected photoelectric cell means, and being at a location to register with the second releasable electrical coupling part of the horizontally aligned and immediately adjacent identical unit;

said another side wall further having second conduit coupling part of complementary mating shape to said first conduit coupling part, fluid connected to the opposite end of said conduit means, and being at a location so as to matingly register with the first conduit coupling part of the horizontally aligned immediately adjacent identical unit.

3. The solar energy conversion system of claim 2, including a planar array of converging lenses spaced below and parallel to said top sheet for receiving the solar radiant energy passing through said top sheet and producing a plurality of radiant energy concentrations respectively on said plurality of photoelectric cell means.

4. The solar energy conversion system of claim 2, comprising a layer of thermal insulation immediately beneath said conduit means.

5. The solar energy conversion system of claim 2, including means including said top sheet for forming a hermetically sealed vacuum enclosure having therein at least said photoelectric cell means for reducing heat transfer by convection and conduction upwardly away from said photoelectric cells and said support means.

6. The solar energy conversion system of claim 2, including said conduit means comprising a metallic pipe arranged in a serpentine path within a single plane parallel to and closely spaced to said heat sink means;

and a plurality of heat transfer fins bonded to the lower surface of said heat sink means and extending downwardly to partially surround at least a major portion of said pipe.

7. The solar energy conversion system of claim 1, including a planar array of converging lenses spaced below and parallel to said top sheet for receiving the solar radiant energy passing through said top sheet and producing a plurality of radiant energy concentrations respectively on said plurality of photoelectric cell means.

8. The solar energy conversion system of claim 1, including a layer of thermal insulation immediately beneath said conduit means.

9. The solar energy conversion system of claim 1, including means including said top sheet for forming a hermetically sealed vacuum enclosure having therein at least said photoelectric cell means for reducing heat transfer by convection and conduction upwardly away from said photoelectric cells and said support means.

10. The solar energy conversion system of claim 1, including said conduit means comprising a metallic pipe arranged in a serpentine path within a single plane parallel to and closely spaced to said heat sink means;

and a plurality of heat transfer fins bonded to the lower surface of said heat sink means and extending downwardly to partially surround at least a major portion of said pipe.