Three dimensional television system

• US 4,190,856 A
• Filed: 11/21/1977
• Issued: 02/26/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 11/21/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Dennis E. Ricks
• Original Assignee: Dennis E. Ricks
• Inventors: Ricks, Dennis E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Britton, Howard W.
• Application Number:
  US05/853,322
• Time in Patent Office: 827 Days
• Field of Search: 358/88, 358/89, 358/91, 358/92, 358/250, 350/169, 350/171, 350/174
• US Class Current: 348/42
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 30/56 by projecting aerial or floating images
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1313 specially adapted for a particular application
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/363 using image projection screens volumetric display H04N13/388
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/395 with depth sampling, i.e. the volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D image planes

Abstract

A method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensional picture suitable for use with television systems. A set of representations of differing cross-sections of a scene is displayed on one or more display screens. These displayed representations are optically stacked along a common optical axis by an arrangement of beam splitters to form a composite three-dimensional picture. At least one positive lens is included within the apparatus for repositioning the composite picture forward toward a viewing audience. A method and apparatus are also disclosed for enlarging the picture, minimizing translucency therein and developing multiple viewing locations for increasing audience enjoyment.

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing a three-dimensional picture suitable for use with television systems, said apparatus comprising:

(a) one or more display screens for displaying a set of cross-sectional representations of a scene,

(b) an arrangement of beam splitters for optically stacking said cross-sectional representations along a common optical axis to form a composite three-dimensional picture for viewing by an audience, and

(c) at least one positive lens means for developing forward repositioning of the cross-sectional representations toward said audience, said lens means being positioned along said optical axis between said display screens and said audience and being separated from said display screens by an optical path distance that is greater than one focal length of said lens means.

2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said beam splitters include semi-transparent mirrors.

3. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said display screens have relative positions which are substantially fixed.

4. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said display screens sequentially display a series of sets of concurrently displayed cross-sectional representations such that each set of concurrently displayed representations corresponds to a particular time frame of said scene.

5. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, further comprising a second positive lens means for compensating for uneven enlargement of said cross-sectional representations caused by said first lens means, wherein said enlargement compensation is obtained by enlarging the background representations by successively greater degrees compared to the frontmost representation, said second lens means being positioned along said optical axis, between said first lens means and said audience, said first and second lens means being separated by an optical path distance approximated by the sum of their respective focal lengths.

6. An apparatus as defined in claim 5, wherein the focal length of said first lens means is shorter than the focal length of said second lens means for obtaining an enlarged three-dimensional picture.

7. An apparatus as defined in claim 5, further comprising a third lens means having a negative focal length positioned along said optical axis between said first and second lens means, for conserving space by reducing the required distance between said first and second lens means.

8. An apparatus as defined in claim 5, wherein at least one member of said beam splitter arrangement is positioned along said optical axis between said first lens means and said second lens means for conserving space and for permitting greater enlargement of said three-dimensional picture.

9. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, further comprising means for producing a plurality of viewing locations from which to view said three-dimensional picture by a plurality of observers, wherein said viewing locations are developed by directing a plurality of optical axes along unique paths towards respective viewing locations, and wherein said representations are stacked along each of said optical axes.

10. An apparatus as defined in claim 9, wherein said plurality of optical axes are developed by the use of beam splitters, each of said beam splitters being positioned for dividing a single existing optical axis into two unique optical axes.

11. An apparatus as defined in claim 10, further comprising a mirror positioned along at least one of said unique optical axes, facing said optical axis at an angle of approximately 45 degrees, for reversing the left to right orientation of the cross-sectional representations which are stacked along said optical axis.

12. An apparatus as defined in claim 9, wherein a plurality of said optical axes are directed through a single viewing window at a variety of angles towards their respective viewing locations.

13. An apparatus as defined in claim 12, further comprising an arrangement of mirrors for substantially compensating for any variations in the optical path distance from said three-dimensional picture to said viewing window among said plurality of optical axes, said mirrors positioned to direct said plurality of optical axes along unique paths of differing lengths for developing said compensation.

14. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, further comprising means for selectively blocking light passage from portions of background representations which appear to be behind foreground images, for minimizing any apparent translucency of the three-dimensional picture, said light blocking means comprising a sheet which has substantially the same dimensions as a corresponding cross-sectional representation, and which is positioned along said optical axis between a display screen which displays said cross-sectional representation and said audience, said sheet comprising a plurality of small sections which can be induced to be alternately light transmitting or light blocking as a result of triggering by external stimuli.

15. An apparatus as defined in claim 14, wherein said small sections comprise liquid-crystal means to develop said light blocking effect.

16. An apparatus for producing a three-dimensional picture suitable for use with television systems, said apparatus comprising:

(a) one or more display screens for displaying a set of cross-sectional representations of a scene,

(b) means for optically stacking said cross-sectional representations along a common optical axis to form a composite three-dimensional picture for viewing by an audience, and

(c) means for producing a plurality of viewing locations from which to view said three-dimensional picture by a plurality of observers, wherein said viewing locations are developed by directing a plurality of optical axes along unique optical paths towards respective viewing locations, and wherein said representations are stacked along each of said optical axes.

17. An apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein said optical stacking means comprises an arrangement of beam splitters.

18. An apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein said plurality of optical axes are developed by the use of beam splitters, each of said beam splitters being positioned for dividing a single existing optical axis into two unique optical axes.

19. An apparatus as defined in claim 18, further comprising a mirror positioned along at least one of said unique optical axes, facing said optical axis at an angle of approximately 45 degrees, for reversing the left to right orientation of the cross-sectional representations which are stacked along said optical axis.

20. An apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein a plurality of said optical axes are directed through a single viewing window at a variety of angles toward their respective viewing locations.

21. An apparatus as defined in claim 20, further comprising an arrangement of mirrors for substantially compensating for any variations in the optical path distance from said three-dimensional picture to said viewing window among said plurality of optical axes, said mirrors positioned to direct said plurality of optical axes along unique paths of differing lengths for developing said compensation.

22. An apparatus for producing a three-dimensional picture suitable for use with television systems, said apparatus comprising:

(a) one or more display screens for displaying a set of cross-sectional representations of a scene,

(b) means for optically stacking said cross-sectional representations along a common optical axis to form a composite three-dimensional picture for viewing by an audience, and

(c) means for selectively blocking light passage from portions of background representations which appear to be behind foreground images, for minimizing any apparent translucency of said three-dimensional picture, said light blocking means comprising a sheet which has substantially the same dimensions as a corresponding cross-sectional representation and which is positioned along said optical axis between a display screen which displays said cross-sectional representation and said audience, said sheet comprising a plurality of small sections which can be induced to be light transmitting or light blocking primarily as a result of triggering by electrically transmitted stimuli.

23. An apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein said optical stacking means comprises an arrangement of beam splitters.

24. An apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein said small sections comprise liquid crystal means to develop said light blocking effect.

25. A method for producing images in a three-dimensional television imaging system, comprising the steps of:

(a) displaying a set of cross-sectional representations of a scene on a display screen;

(b) concurrently stacking said set of representations along a common optical axis to form a composite three-dimensional television picture; and

(c) developing forward repositioning of the optically stacked representations.

26. A method as defined in claim 25, wherein at least sixteen cross-sectional representations are displayed.

27. Method as defined in claim 25, further comprising the step of minimizing apparent translucency of said picture by positioning light blocking means at suitable locations along said optical axes to block light passage through images appearing to be positioned substantially coincidental to said light blocking means, said light blocking means to be triggered by external stimuli.

28. A method as defined in claim 25, further comprising the steps of producing a plurality of viewing locations from which to view said three-dimensional picture, wherein said viewing locations are developed by directing a plurality of optical axes along unique optical paths towards the respective viewing locations, and wherein said representations are stacked along each of said optical axes.

29. A method as defined in claim 28, further comprising the steps of correcting side to side orientation of representations whose orientation has been reversed during transmission through the imaging system.

30. Method as defined in claim 28, further comprising the step of projecting a plurality of said optical axes through a single viewing window at differing angles of incidence to form a variety of observation angles toward their respective viewing locations.