Rear view mirror assembly

• US 4,258,979 A
• Filed: 12/08/1978
• Issued: 03/31/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: William E. Mahin
• Original Assignee: William E. Mahin
• Inventors: Mahin, William E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Evans, F. L.
• Application Number:
  US05/967,601
• Time in Patent Office: 844 Days
• Field of Search: 350/293, 350/303
• US Class Current: 359/868
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/082 using a single wide field mirror or an association of rigidly connected mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/10 with curved faces

Abstract

A rear view mirror assembly mounted to one side of a given vehicle is disclosed herein and includes a mirrored surface supported in a fixed position relative to a predetermined observation point for viewing a second trailing vehicle. This mirrored surface includes a first segment horizontally and/or vertically curved in accordance with changing magnification ratios, preferably in a way which defines a substantially linear relationship between the position of the trailing vehicle and the horizontal and/or vertical position of its image on the curved surface segment. In this way, as the trailing vehicle approaches the lead vehicle from behind, horizontal and/or vertical movement of its image across the curved segment is controlled, preferably to a speed linearly proportionate to the speed of the trailing vehicle relative to the lead vehicle. At the same time, the mirrored surface provides a view incorporating the rear section of the lead vehicle including its rear tires on the mirror supported side.

Claims

1. A rear view mirror assembly, comprising:

(a) a mounting structure adapted for connection to one side of a first vehicle in a fixed position relative to a predetermined observation point within the vehicle;

(b) a mirrored surface supported by said mounting structure for viewing a second vehicle from said observation point when said first vehicle is in a given lane, said second vehicle being in a next adjacent lane along a substantially straight path behind said mirrored surface; and

(c) said mirrored surface including a segment which is curved in any horizontal plane therethrough, the horizontal curvature of said segment defining cooperating object and image angles associated with each point along its horizontal extent with respect to said observation point, said angles being selected so as to result in a predesigned continuous decrease in the magnification ratio of and along the entire extent of said curvature in the direction away from said observation point, said predesigned decrease in magnification ratio defining a linear relationship between

(i) the horizontal position of the image on the mirrored surface segment of a particular point on a forward portion of said second vehicle as viewed from said observation point when said second vehicle is located along said path within a predetermined range of distances from said mirrored surface segment, and

(ii) the distance back from said mirrored surface of said second vehicle along said path, whereby said image point moves horizontally across said surface segment at a speed substantially linearly proportionate to the speed of said second vehicle relative to said first vehicle as said second vehicle moves along said path within said range.

2. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein said predesigned decrease in magnification ratio causes the horizontal image width of said second vehicle on said segment as viewed from said observation point to increase in size horizontally as the distance back of said second vehicle from said mirrored surface decreases to about 10 feet, said increase in horizontal image width being approximately linearly related to distance from the mirror of said second vehicle when said second vehicle is within said predetermined range.

3. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein said predetermined range is from about 50 feet from said mirrored surface to about 10 feet.

4. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein said range of distances is from about 30 feet from said surface segment to about 3 feet.

5. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein said mirrored surface segment is substantially straight in any vertical plane therethrough.

6. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein said mirrored surface includes a second segment horizontally to one side of said first-mentioned curved segment, said second segment being substantially straight in any horizontal plane therethrough.

7. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein said mirrored surface includes at least one horizontally extending segment including a bottom edge portion which is curved in any vertical plane therethrough so that at least a portion of said last-mentioned segment defines a substantially linear relationship between the position of said particular point on said second vehicle when the latter is located along said path within a predetermined range of distances from the mirrored surface segment, and the vertical position of the image of said point on said edge portion as viewed from said observation point;

whereby said image moves vertically across said edge portion at a speed substantially linearly proportionate to the speed of said second vehicle relative to said first vehicle as said second vehicle moves along said last-mentioned path within said range.

8. An assembly according to claim 2 wherein said mirrored surface includes a horizontally extending section having a top portion including a segment which is curved in any vertical plane therethrough for providing a view of an obstruction which is about three feet back of said mirror and about 10.5 feet above the ground.

9. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein said magnification ratio decreases from a value of 1 to a lowermost value not less than about 1/100.

10. An assembly according to claim 9 wherein said lowermost value is not less than about 1/60.

11. An assembly according to claim 1 wherein said mirrored surface includes a horizontally extending section having a bottom edge portion which is curved in the vertical plane therethrough for viewing said second vehicle along a section of said path within a predetermined range of distance from said bottom edge portion, and having a magnification ratio which continuously decreases from the upper horizontal side of the bottom edge portion to the lower horizontal side thereof.

12. An assembly according to claim 6 wherein said mirrored surface includes a third segment located horizontally intermediate said first and second segments, said third segment being curved but not having said predesigned decrease in magnification ratio, said third segment providing an intermediate smooth transition between said first and second segments.

13. An assembly according to claim 12 wherein said mirrored surface consists essentially of said firstmentioned curved segment, said second straight segment, and said third intermediate segment the horizontal extent of said straight segment comprising approximately 36% of the entire horizontal extent of said mirrored surface.

14. An assembly according to claim 12 wherein said second straight mirrored segment is located between said curved segments and said first vehicle when said mounting structure is in said fixed position, said segments together providing a rearward view which, in a horizontal plane through said segments, extends from said mirrored surface to a forwardmost point at an angle of about 15°

-20°

rearward of a line normal to said path and through said mirrored surface and a rearwardmost point about 92°

-95°

from said normal line.

15. An assembly according to claim 14 wherein said forwardmost point is between about 17.5°

rearwardly of said line and said rearwardmost point is about 92°

therefrom.

16. An assembly according to claim 14 wherein said mirrored surface has a horizontal extent of about 5 to 8 inches.

17. An assembly according to claim 16 wherein said horizontal extent is about 7 inches.

18. A rear view mirror assembly, comprising:

(a) a mounting structure adapted for connection to one side of a first vehicle in a fixed position relative to a predetermined observation point within the vehicle;

(b) a mirrored surface supported by said mounting structure for viewing a second vehicle from said observation point when said first vehicle is in a given lane, said second vehicle being in a next adjacent lane along a substantially straight path behind said mirrored surface; and

(c) said mirrored surface including a segment which is curved in any horizontal plane therethrough, the horizontal curvature of said segment defining cooperating object and image angles associated with each point along its horizontal extent with respect to said observation point, said angles being selected so as to result in a predesigned continuous decrease in the magnification ratio of and along the entire extent of said curvature in the direction away from said observation point, said predesigned decrease in magnification ratio

(i) causing the horizontal image width of said second vehicle on said segment as viewed from said observation point to increase in size horizontally as the distance back of said second vehicle from said mirrored surface decreases to about 10 feet, and

(ii) defining a linear relationship between the horizontal position of the image on said curved mirrored surface segment of a particular point on a forward portion of said second vehicle as viewed from said observation point when said second vehicle is located along said path within a predetermined range of distance from said mirrored surface segment, and the distance back from said mirrored surface of said second vehicle along said path, whereby said image point moves horizontally across said surface segment at a speed substantially linearly proportionate to the speed of said second vehicle relative to said first vehicle as said second vehicle moves along said path within said range.

19. An assembly according to claim 18 wherein said mirrored surface includes at least one horizontally extending segment including a bottom edge portion which is curved in any vertical plane therethrough.

20. An assembly according to claim 18 wherein said mirrored surface consists essentially of said first and second segments and wherein said first planar segment comprises at least about 20% of the total horizontal extent of said mirrored surface.

21. An assembly according to claim 18 wherein the image of the outermost point on the front end of said second vehicle is fully visible on said mirrored surface from said observation point when said outermost point is a distance 12 feet laterally of said mirrored surface and five feet back therefrom.

22. An assembly according to claim 20 wherein said curved segment comprises about 64% of the entire horizontal extent of said mirrored surface.

23. An assembly according to claim 20 wherein said first segment is planar in any vertical plane therethrough.

24. An assembly according to claim 21 wherein said last-named image is seen from the observation point at approximately the outer edge of the mirror when said outermost point is at said distance.

25. An assembly according to claim 18 wherein said mirrored surface includes a horizontally extending section having a bottom edge portion which is curved in the vertical plane therethrough for viewing said second vehicle along a section of said path within a predetermined range of distance from said bottom edge portion, and having a magnification ratio which continuously decreases from the upper horizontal side of the bottom edge portion to the lower horizontal side thereof.

26. An assembly according to claim 18 wherein said mirrored surface includes a horizontally extended section having a top portion including a segment which is curved in any vertical plane therethrough for providing a view of an obstruction which is about three feet back of said mirror and about 10.5 feet above the ground.

27. A rear view mirror assembly, comprising:

(a) a mounting structure adapted for connection to one side of a first vehicle in a fixed position relative to a predetermined observation point within the vehicle;

(b) a mirrored surface supported by said mounting structure for viewing a second vehicle from said observation point when said first vehicle is in a given lane, said second vehicle being in a next adjacent lane along a substantially straight path behind said mirrored surface; and

(c) said mirrored surface including a segment which is curved in any vertical plane therethrough, the vertical curvature of said segment defining cooperating object and image angles associated with each point along its horizontal extent with respect to said observation point, said angles being selected so as to result in a predesigned continuous decrease in the magnification ratio of and along the entire extent of said curvature in the direction away from said observation point, said predesigned decrease in magnification ratio

(i) causing vertical image width of said second vehicle on said segment as viewed from said observation point to increase in size vertically as the distance back of said second vehicle from said mirrored surface decreases to about 10 feet, and

(ii) defining a linear relationship between the vertical position of the image on said curved mirrored surface segment of a particular point on a forward portion of said second vehicle as viewed from said observation point when said second vehicle is located along said path within a predetermined range of distances from said mirrored surface segment, and the distance back from said mirrored surface of said second vehicle along said path, whereby said image point moves vertically across said surface segment at a speed substantially linearly proportionate to the speed of said second vehicle relative to said first vehicle as said second vehicle moves along said path within said range.

28. A rear view mirror assembly, comprising:

(a) a mounting structure adapted for connection to one side of a first vehicle in a fixed position relative to a predetermined observation point within the vehicle;

(b) a mirrored surface supported by said mounting structure for viewing a second vehicle from said observation point when said first vehicle is in a given lane, said second vehicle being in a next adjacent lane along a substantially straight path behind said mirrored surface; and

(c) said mirrored surface including a first segment which is planar in any horizontal plane therethrough and a second adjacent segment which is further from said observation point than said first segment and which is curved in any horizontal plane therethrough, the horizontal curvature of said second segment defining cooperating object and image angles associated with each point along its horizontal extent with respect to said observation point, said angles being selected so as to result in a predesigned continuous decrease in the magnification ratio of and along the entire extent of said curvature in the direction away from said observation point, said predesigned decrease in magnification ratio

(i) causing the horizontal image width of said second vehicle on said second surface segment as viewed from said observation point to increase in size horizontally as the distance back of said second vehicle from said mirrored surface decreases to about 10 feet, and

(ii) defining a linear relationship between the horizontal position of the image on said second segment of a particular point on a forward portion of said second vehicle as viewed from said observation point when said second vehicle is located along said path within a predetermined range of distances from said mirrored surface, and the distance back from said mirrored surface of said second vehicle along said path, whereby said image point moves horizontally across said surface segment at a speed substantially linearly proportionate to the speed of said second vehicle relative to said first vehicle as said second vehicle moves along said path within said range.