DC-to-DC Converter having reduced ripple without need for adjustments

• US 4,274,133 A
• Filed: 06/20/1979
• Issued: 06/16/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 06/20/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Middlebrook, Robert D., Cuk, Slobodan M.
• Primary Examiner(s): SHOOP JR, WILLIAM M
• Application Number:
  US06/050,179
• Time in Patent Office: 727 Days
• Field of Search: 363/16, 363/20, 363/39, 363/40, 363/45, 363/124, 363/131
• US Class Current: 363/39
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/005 using Cuk converters

Abstract

A switching dc-to-dc converter employs inductance in series with the source to form an input circuit, and in series with the load to form an output circuit. Suitable switching means alternately connects an energy transfer capacitance in series in the input circuit and in the output circuit. The inductance may be provided by separate windings coupled to form a transformer. To reduce switching ripple in the input circuit, or output circuit, the transformer may be provided with an imbalance of leakage inductance in the primary winding and the secondary winding. The imbalance may be inherent in the design of the transformer, or in the design of the transformer core. In the case of tightly coupled inductances in the transformer, an equivalent imbalance may be achieved by a separate, external inductor connected in series in the input circuit, or the output circuit. In the case of using a separate inductor in series with the source in the input circuit, or the load in the output circuit, the transformer may be replaced with a single inductance. Such a single inductance may be used alone, or with other inductance in series with the load circuit or the input circuit to provide a converter also with an imbalance in the switching current ripple.

Claims

1. In a switching dc-to-dc converter having:

inductance in series with a voltage source to form an input circuit and in series with a load to form an output circuit, energy transfer capacitance coupling one terminal of said input circuit to a corresponding terminal of said output circuit;

switching means for alternately connecting said capacitance to said input circuit in series to close a current path from the source back to the source and to said output circuit in series to close a current path from the load back to the load; and

means for achieving unbalanced current ripple reduction in said input and output circuits without any adjustments required in circuit components after assembly.

2. An improvement as defined in claim 1, wherein said inductance is comprised of first and second coupled windings on a core forming a transformer, said first winding being connected in series in said input circuit and said second winding being connected in series in said output circuit, and

said means for achieving unbalanced current ripple reduction is comprised of an inbalance of leakage inductance in said windings.

3. An improvement as defined in claim 2 wherein said imbalance of leakage inductance is inherent in the design of said transformer.

4. An improvement as defined in claim 3 wherein said imbalance of leakage inductance is in the design of the transformer core.

5. An improvement as defined in claim 1 wherein said inductance is comprised of first and second tightly coupled windings on a core forming a transformer, said first winding being connected in series in said input circuit and said second winding being connected in series in said output circuit, and said means for achieving unbalanced current ripple reduction is comprised of inductance external to said transformer windings in series with the first winding thereof for greater reduction of ripple in the input circuit, or inductance external to said transformer windings in series with the second winding thereof in the output circuit for greater reduction of ripple in the output circuit.

6. An improvement as defined in claim 5 wherein said energy transfer capacitance is divided into two capacitors coupled together by an isolation transformer having a primary winding tightly coupled to a secondary winding, said primary winding being series connected in the return current path of said input circuit, and said secondary winding being series connected in the return current path of said output circuit, thereby to produce dc isolation between said source and load.

7. A switching dc-to-dc converter having a closed series circuit comprised of a first inductance, a source, a second inductance, a load and energy transfer capacitance, said converter further having a core coupling said first and second inductances, means for alternately placing said storage capacitance in a closed series circuit with said source and said load, and means for providing unbalanced current ripple reduction in said first and second inductances without any adjustments required in circuit components after assembly.

8. An improvement as defined in claim 7 wherein said means for providing unbalanced current ripple is comprised of an imbalance of leakage inductance in the windings of said transformer.

9. An improvement as defined in claim 8 wherein said imbalance is achieved through design of the transformer core to provide an additional flux path for one winding which does not couple the other winding.

10. An improvement as defined in claim 7 wherein said means for providing unbalanced current ripple is comprised of an inductor connected in series with one winding of said transformer.

11. An improvement as defined in claim 7 wherein said transformer is replaced by a single inductor.

12. An improvement as defined in claim 11 including a second inductor connected in series in a selected one of said input and output circuits.

13. An improvement as defined in claim 11 including a second inductor connected in series in said input circuit and a third inductor connected in series in said output circuit, where said second and third inductors are selected to have inductance values that provide a predetermined imbalance in ripple currents in said input and output circuits.