Bistatic Doppler underwater intrusion detection sonar

• US 4,349,897 A
• Filed: 04/24/1981
• Issued: 09/14/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Mellenbruch, Larry L., Barnard, Garland R., Boehme, Hollis, Dickens, Danny W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Farley, Richard A.
• Application Number:
  US06/257,068
• Time in Patent Office: 508 Days
• Field of Search: 367/87, 367/94, 367/97, 367/98
• US Class Current: 367/98
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/003 Bistatic sonar systems; Multistatic sonar systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/04 Systems determining presence of a target
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/50 Systems of measurement, based on relative movement of the target

Abstract

A bistatic, Doppler sonar that having a plurality of receiver channels det intrusion in an insonified water zone processes return signals in a plurality of discrete up Doppler and down Doppler frequencies to effect short and long term averaging of return energy and short and long term averaging of return energy slope prior to sampling and comparison to generate a multiple bit binary word that is periodically updated and read out in parallel form to detection logic. The detection logic utilizes parallel sets of shift register memories and comparators to detect when rates of occurrence of energy, slope, and stroke conditions exceed predetermined rates, and utilizes a plurality of levels of coincidence gates to detect predetermined combinations of such conditions that will produce an alarm initiating signal.

Claims

1. A bistatic sonar system for detecting intrusion into a predetermined zone of a body of water, said system comprising:

a source of a reference frequency;

fixed, continuous wave transmitter means, responsive to said reference frequency, for insonification of said zone with acoustic energy at a predetermined frequency;

fixed receiver means including hydrophone means, separately disposed from said transmitter means, for receiving acoustic signals from said zone and providing corresponding electrical signals as an output;

automatic gain controlled amplifier means, responsive to said hydrophone means, for amplifying target return signals with a gain that is varied in response to slowing changing background noise;

up and down Doppler resolver means, responsive to said reference frequency and to the output of said amplifer means, for providing target signal containing up Doppler and down Doppler sideband frequencies;

signal processing means, responsive to said up Doppler and down Doppler sideband frequencies, for effecting filtering and detection of signals at a plurality of fixed bandpass frequencies within said sideband frequencies and for repetitively providing a multiple bit binary word representative of samples of a plurality of detected return signal conditions including energy, spectral slope, and stroke content;

logic means, responsive to predetermined combinations of rates of occurrence of word bit binary levels, for generating a utilization initiating signal; and

utilization means, responsive to said utilization initiating signal, for effecting a predetermined utilization function.

2. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 1, and wherein said signal processing means comprises:

a plurality of parallel, filter and detector means for detecting signals within a plurality of frequency passbands for each Doppler sideband;

a plurality of first averager means for effecting short term averaging of signals detected in each frequency passband of each Doppler sideband;

a plurality of second averager means for effecting long term averaging of signals detected in each frequency passband of each Doppler sideband;

first multiplexer means for sampling the outputs of said first averager means and serializing the samples thereof;

second multiplexer means for sampling the outputs of said long term averager means and serializing the samples thereof;

comparator means, responsive to said serialized samples from said first and second multiplexers, for generating a series of binary data bits representative of relative signal content of said samples derived from said Doppler sidebands; and

memory means for assembling said series of binary data bits into said binary word and periodically reading said word out in parallel outputs of said data bits, each such output being representative of one of said conditions of energy, spectral slope, or stroke content.

3. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 2, and wherein said logic means comprises:

a plurality of plural stage shift registers each register being adapted to periodically receive data bits from one of said parallel outputs for periodic shifting through the stages thereof;

a like plurality of register data comparators, each associated with a corresponding one of said shift registers, said register data comparators each being characterized by binary reference levels so selected that the comparator produces a predetermined binary output upon a predetermined number of occurrences of predetermined binary data bits in said corresponding register.

4. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 3, and wherein said signal processing means further comprises:

first and second slope computer means, responsive respectively to the up Doppler and down Doppler outputs of a plurality of said first averager means, for differentiating the outputs thereof to provide short term slope detected outputs for each of said Doppler sidebands as inputs to said first multiplexer means; and

first and second additional averager means for providing long term averaging of said slope detected outputs as inputs to said second multiplexer means.

5. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 4, and wherein said logic means further comprises:

AND gate means, responsive to coincidences of predetermined pairs of outputs of said register data comparators, for providing said utilization initiating signal.

6. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 5, and wherein:

said system includes shore station means including said source of a reference frequency;

said transmitter means is disposed remotely from said shore station and comprises power amplifier means, for driving an acoustic projector means;

acoustic projector means, driven by said power amplifier means, for effecting said insonifying of said water zone; and

phase lock means, responsive to said reference frequency signal, for providing a reference frequency stabilized transmit frequency signal to said power amplifier means irrespective of reference frequency attenuation between said shore station and said transmitter means.

7. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 6, and wherein:

said receiver means comprises a watertight housing;

said hydrophone means comprises a plurality of hydrophones mounted in an azimuthal array on said housing; and

each of said hydrophones comprising an assembly of vertically long and short piezoelectric elements selectively operable alternatively or in unison whereby the vertical pattern of receiving response is adapted to be selected in accordance with depth of water in said zone.

8. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 6, and further comprising:

status monitoring means, responsive to automatic gain control voltage conditions of said amplifier means, for generating predetermined binary outputs to said signal processing means and corresponding to increase or decrease of background noise above or below predetermined levels as by subjecting said hydrophone means to masking or to jamming signals.

9. A bistatic sonar system as defined in claim 7, and wherein:

said receiver means comprises a plurality of receiving channels each associated with one of said hydrophones, and signal interface means, responsive to a utilization initiating signal from any of said channels to effect actuation of said utilization means.

10. A bistatic, Doppler sonar system including a projector for insonifying a water zone with continuous wave acoustic energy centered at a predetermined carrier frequency, a multiple channel receiver for receiving return signals from said zone at frequencies including said carrier frequency and Doppler shifted sidebands thereof and operative to form alarm initiating signals when the return signals include detected energy, time, and frequency characteristics representative of an intrusion into said zone, each receiver channel comprising:

a hydrophone;

an automatic gain controlled preamplifier connected to amplify outputs of said hydrophone;

resolver means, responsive to direct and quadrature forms of said carrier frequency and to said return signals, for providing outputs representative of up Doppler and down Doppler frequencies;

pluralities of first and second filter and detector units for detecting return signals at corresponding pluralities of discrete up Doppler and down Doppler frequencies, respectively;

a plurality of first and second short term averagers connected to provide short term averages of the return signals detected by said first and second sets of filter and detector units, respectively;

a plurality of first and second long term averagers connected to provide long term averages of the return signals detected by said first and second sets of filter and detector units, respectively;

first and second slope computing means, responsive to a portion of said short term averages of said first and second short term averagers, respectively, for providing first and second slope representing signals;

first and second additional long term averagers for providing long term averages of each of said slope representing signals;

first and second multiplexers for respectively sampling said long and short term averages to form first and second series of samples representative thereof;

a comparator for comparing said samples of said first and second series to provide a series of binary data bits representative thereof;

a recirculating memory for converting said series into a periodically recirculating multiple bit binary word, and for periodic reading out of said word in parallel bit form;

first, second, third, fourth and fifth pluralities of parallel accumulator and comparator means, responsive to said periodic parallel bit readout, for providing a plurality of outputs each representative of presence or absence of a predetermined frequency of occurrence of a predetermined return signal condition corresponding to presence or absence of an intrusion;

a plurality of coincidence gate means, responsive to predetermined combinations of said accumulator and comparator means outputs to provide an intrusion signal.

11. A bistatic, Doppler sonar system as defined in claim 10, and wherein:

said multiple channel receiver comprises three of said receiver channels.

12. A bistatic, Doppler sonar system as defined in claim 11, and wherein:

said pluralities of discrete up Doppler and down Doppler frequencies comprise about five of said up Doppler frequencies and about five of said down Doppler frequencies; and

said pluralities of first and second short and long term averagers and said first and second pluralities of accumulator and comparator means correspond in numbers to said up and down Doppler frequencies, respectively, and receive work bit inputs representative of energy of said return signals at said discrete frequencies.

13. A bistatic, Doppler sonar system as defined in claim 12, and wherein:

said third plurality of accumulator and comparator means comprises two such means and receive word bit inputs representative of said slope computer outputs; and

said fourth and fifth pluralities of accumulator and comparator means each comprise two such means that receive word bit inputs representative of energy of return signals at predetermined pairs of said up Doppler and said down Doppler frequencies characteristic of intruder stroke movements.