Smoke detector of the ionization type

• US 4,455,553 A
• Filed: 05/17/1982
• Issued: 06/19/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 05/17/1982
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Graviner Limited
• Original Assignee: Pyrotector Incorporated
• Inventors: Johnson, Robert E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Caldwell, Sr., John W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Myer, Daniel
• Application Number:
  US06/378,400
• Time in Patent Office: 764 Days
• Field of Search: 340/527, 340/628, 340/629, 340/661, 250/381, 250/382, 250/384, 250/385, 250/388
• US Class Current: 340/629
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/11 using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas

Abstract

An ionization type smoke detector (10) includes a chamber having a measuring electrode (12), the voltage on the measuring electrode being a function of the concentration of smoke in the chamber, and further includes a comparison device (A3) for comparing the voltage measured on electrode (12) at two different times, and an output device (K) for producing an output signal if the voltages differ by a predetermined value.

Claims

1. A smoke detector of the ionization type comprising a chamber containing a measuring electrode, the voltage on the measuring electrode being a function of the smoke concentration in the chamber, means responsive to a predetermined change in smoke concentration in a predetermined time in the chamber to produce an output signal to one input of an AND gate, pulse generating means providing an intermittent signal at the other terminal of the gate, a counter, means responsive to simultaneous pulse and output signals at the gate inputs to advance the counter one count, said counter having a reset terminal, means applying each pulse to the reset terminal except when the gate produces an output, and means responsive to accumulation in said counter of more than two counts for energizing alarm means.

2. A smoke detection system comprising

a smoke detector of the ionization type and comprising a chamber and a measuring electrode in the chamber, the voltage on the measuring electrode being a function of the smoke concentration in the chamber,

alarm means and

a signal processing channel responsive to the rate of increase of smoke concentration sensed by said detector connected in circuit between said smoke detector and said alarm means comprising

pulse generating means,

sample and hold circuit means responsive to said pulse generating means for storing a reference smoke concentration value as a function of the voltage on said measuring electrode,

comparator means responsive to a predetermined offset voltage on said measuring electrode from said stored reference value for generating an interim signal and updating the reference value stored in said sample and hold circuit means to the current output voltage on said measuring electrode,

counter means for accumulating said interim signals, and

means responsive to accumulation in said counter means of a plurality of said interim signals for energizing said alarm means.

3. A smoke detector as set out in claim 2 in which an AND gate having two inputs and one output is provided between said comparator means and said alarm actuating means, the output of said comparator means being connected to one input of the AND gate and the output of said pulse generating means being connected to the other input of said AND gate, the output of the AND gate being connected to said alarm actuating means, whereby the gate is opened to produce an output to said alarm actuating means only when an output signal from said comparator means and the next pulse from said pulse generating means exist simultaneously at the inputs of said AND gate.

4. A smoke detector as set out in claim 3 in which said counter means has a reset terminal, and further including means for applying a reset signal to said reset terminal on each pulse from the pulse generating means unless a said interim signal from said comparator means exists.

5. A smoke detector system comprising

a smoke detector, said detector having an output as a function of the sensed smoke concentration,

alarm actuating means, and

a signal processing channel responsive to the rate of increase of smoke concentration sensed by said detector connected in circuit between said detector and said alarm actuating means comprising

means for storing a reference smoke concentration value as a function of the output of said detector,

means responsive to a detector output signal indicating an increase in smoke concentration from said stored reference value for generating an interim signal and concurrently updating the stored reference value to the current smoke concentration output of said detector,

accumulator means for accumulating said interim signals, and

means responsive to accumulation of a plurality of said interim signals by said accumulator means for energizing said alarm actuating means.

6. The smoke detector of claim 5 wherein said accumulator means is a counter, and further including means for periodically generating a sampling pulse, each said sampling pulse (1) causing said channel to produce said interim signal when said detector indicates an increase in smoke concentration from said stored reference value, (2) updating said stored reference value, (3) advancing said counter one count in the presence of said interim signal, and (4) clearing said counter in the absence of said interim signal:

and means responsive to accumulation in said counter of more than two counts for energizing said alarm actuating means.

7. The smoke detector of claim 6 and further including a second signal processing channel connected in circuit between said detector and said alarm actuating means, said second signal processing channel being responsive to the absolute value of smoke concentration sensed by said detector and energizing said alarm actuating means in response to a predetermined smoke concentration value.