Electrochromic mirrors

• US 4,465,339 A
• Filed: 03/09/1981
• Issued: 08/14/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 03/07/1980
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & GEN
• Original Assignee: Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & GEN
• Inventors: Krause, Dieter, Metz, Bernd, Paquet, Volker, Baucke, Friedrich G. K., Zauner, Johannes
• Primary Examiner(s): Gron, Teddy S.
• Application Number:
  US06/242,161
• Time in Patent Office: 1,254 Days
• Field of Search: 350/357, 350/290, 350/288, 252/600
• US Class Current: 359/274
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/088 using a cell of electrically changeable optical characteristic, e.g. liquid-crystal or electrochromic mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1524 Transition metal compounds
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1525 characterised by a particular ion transporting layer, e.g. electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2001/1552 Inner electrode, e.g. the electrochromic layer being sandwiched between the inner electrode and the support substrate

Abstract

Electrochromic mirrors hermetically sealed from the ambient environment and comprising at least one electrode, at least one electrochromic layer, a reflector, at least one ion-conducting layer, and at least one ion-supplying layer which simultaneously is an ion-storing layer and is not identical with the reflector, wherein the ion-conducting layer consists essentially of an ion-conducting inorganic solid.

Claims

1. In an electrochromic mirror hermetically sealed from the ambient environment and comprising at least two electrodes, at least one electrochromic layer, a reflector, at least one ion-conducting layer, and at least one ion-supplying layer which simultaneously is an ion-storing layer and is not identical with the reflector, the improvement wherein the ion-conducting layer consists essentially of an ion-conducting inorganic solid and the mirror has a line of sight configuration selected from the group consisting of:

(a) a glass substrate;

a transparent electrode;

an electrochromic layer;

a solid, ion-conducting layer;

a hydrogen-permeable reflector;

a solid ion-conducting layer;

an ion-storing layer;

a catalytic layer acting simultaneously as an electrode;

an adhesive; and

a face pane;

(b) a glass substrate;

a transparent electrode;

an electrochromic layer;

a solid, ion-conducting layer;

a hydrogen-permeable reflector acting simultaneously as an electrode;

an ion-storing layer;

a catalytic layer;

an adhesive; and

a face pane;

(c) a glass substrate;

a transparent electrode;

an electrochromic layer;

a solid, ion-conducting layer;

a hydrogen-permeable reflector;

an ion-storing layer;

a catalytic layer acting simultaneously as an electrode;

an adhesive; and

a face pane;

(d) a glass substrate;

an electrochromic layer;

a hydrogen-permeable reflector acting simultaneously as an electrode;

a solid, ion-conducting layer;

an ion-storing layer;

a catalytic layer acting simultaneously as an electrode;

an adhesive; and

a face pane; and

(e) a glass substrate;

a transparent electrode;

an electrochromic layer;

a solid, ion-conducting layer;

a hydrogen-permeable reflector acting simultaneously as an electrode;

an ion-storing layer;

a solid, ion-conducting layer;

an electrode permeable to water-vapor;

an adhesive; and

a face pane.

2. An electrochromic mirror as in claim 1, wherein the reflector is a metallic layer.

3. An electrochromic mirror as in claim 2, wherein the metallic layer comprises ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, or a mixture thereof.

4. An electrochromic mirror as in claim 3, wherein the metallic layer is an alloy of one or more of said metals with silver, gold, or a combination thereof.

5. An electrochromic mirror as in claim 1, wherein the reflector is a dielectric sequence of layers.

6. An electrochromic mirror as in any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein the ion-storing layer is simultaneously an electrochromic layer.

7. An electrochromic mirror as in claim 6, wherein the ion-storing layer is at least one oxide of at least one of the elements in groups IV B, VB, VI B or VIII of the Periodic System of Elements.

8. An electrochromic mirror as in claim 6, wherein the ion-storing layer is a glass which contains at least one oxide of the elements of groups V B or VI B of the Periodic System of Elements.

9. An electrochromic mirror as in any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein the ion-storing layer is graphite.

10. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 6, wherein the ion-storing layer consists of essentially of graphite and at least one oxide of at least one of the elements in Groups IV B, V B, VI B or VIII of the Periodic System of Elements.

11. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 10, wherein the ion-storing layer contains platinum, palladium, or nickel.

12. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 11, wherein the ion-storing layer contains FeTi and/or LaNi₅.

13. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 12, wherein the ion-conducting layer contains an oxide of silicon, zirconium, titanium, or mixtures thereof.

14. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 12, wherein the ion-conducting layer contains at least one fluoride of at least one element of groups II A or III B of the Periodic System of Elements.

15. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 14, which is hermetically sealed by means of an organic adhesive.

16. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 14, which is hermetically sealed by means of an organic varnish.

17. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 14, which is hermetically sealed by means of a layer of inorganic material.

18. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 17, which is hermetically sealed by means of a solid plate made of glass, plastic, or metal.

19. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 1 through 18, further comprising an additional catalytic layer for supplying the adjacent ion-storing layer with hydrogen during manufacturing.

20. An electrochromatic mirror as in claim 19, wherein said catalytic layer serves as an electrode after manufacture of the mirror has been completed.

21. An electrochromic mirror as in one of claims 15 through 17, wherein the adhesive, varnish, or inorganic material conducts electrons.