Randomized tag to portal communication system

• US 4,471,345 A
• Filed: 03/05/1982
• Issued: 09/11/1984
• Est. Priority Date: 03/05/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sensormatic Electronics Corporation (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Original Assignee: Sensormatic Electronics Corporation (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Inventors: Barrett, Raymond L. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, III, Glen R.
• Application Number:
  US06/354,156
• Time in Patent Office: 921 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572, 340/505, 340/573, 340/825.31, 340/825.32, 340/825.34, 343/6.8 LC, 343/6.5 LC
• US Class Current: 340/572.1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 17/0022 arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device "transfer between computer elements G06F13/00 "; data-transmission H04L
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10059 transponder driven
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/28 the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence

Abstract

Communication between portal units and identification tags is accomplished by continually radiating an interrogation signal consisting of a code pattern from each portal unit followed by a listening interval. Tags within range of such interrogation signal test the incoming signals for frequency, bit duration, bit rate, a preamble code and a facility identifying code. If the tag receives a valid signal to which it has been preprogramed, such signal synchronizes and initiates a plurality of tag responses within a given overall response interval and with each response transmitted during randomly selected time slot. Each tag is provided with its own pseudorandom binary sequence generator and reply counter with the pseudorandom generator sequenced by a signal derived from the carrier signal radiated by the tag.

The portal units also test incoming signals for frequency bit rate and bit duration as well as for a preamble code generically indicative of a tag. If the test is passed, the remaining tag response consisting of an identifier and an error correcting code is accepted and passed on to a CPU.

Claims

1. A communication system for detecting whenever one or more of a plurality of independent tag circuits comes within range of a monitoring station and identifying such tag circuits as come within said range even though more than one tag circuit may come within said range at the same time, said system comprising means for disposition at said monitoring station for radiating an interrogating signal containing a first code pattern identifiable with said monitoring station;

a tag circuit containing means for receiving said interrogating signal whenever said tag circuit is within range of said monitoring station, and means for responding to said interrogating signal, said last mentioned means comprising means for radiating a series of response signals each containing a predetermined second code pattern different from said first code pattern and identifiable with said tag circuit, and means for varying in at least a pseudorandom manner the intervals between successive response signals; and

further means for disposition at said monitoring station for receiving and testing any signals that are within range of said station to determine if such last mentioned signals contain a predetermined code pattern identifiable with a tag, and only if such last mentioned code pattern is present, passing on said received signals to a processing unit.

2. A communication system according to claim 1, wherein said means for radiating an interrogating signal comprises a timing element for periodically enabling an interrogating signal radiation cycle followed by an interval of no signal radiation of sufficient duration to receive during said interval a plurality of said response signals from a tag.

3. A communication system according to claim 2, wherein said tag circuit includes means for establishing "n" time slots of "t" duration within which said response signals may be radiated, the number of response signals actually radiated during any single complete cycle of operation being a function of said pseudorandom intervals established during said complete cycle, and the said duration of said interval of no signal radiation by said means for radiating an interrogating signal is at least equal to (n×

t).

4. A communication system according to claim 1, wherein said means for radiating a series of response signals comprises a source of carrier frequency signals and means for modulating said carrier signals with said series of response signals;

and said means for varying the intervals between successive response signals comprises a pseudorandom binary sequence generator having a clock input coupled to an output of said modulating means.

5. A communication system according to claim 4, wherein said means for varying the intervals between successive response signals further comprises a presettable binary down-counter, means coupling said down-counter to said pseudorandom generator for presetting said down-counter to the then existing count in said pseudorandom generator whenever said down-counter reaches zero count, and means for clocking said down-counter once for each of "n" time slots within which a response signal might be radiated, and radiating a response signal during each of said time slots in which said down-counter reaches zero count.

6. A communication system according to claim 5, wherein said tag circuit includes means for establishing said "n" time slots, each of "t" duration;

and wherein the said duration of said interval of no signal radiation by said means for radiating an interrogating signal is at least equal to (n×

t).

7. A communication system according to claim 2, wherein said means for radiating an interrogating signal comprises means for producing said first code pattern, said last mentioned means being constructed and arranged to generate a code pattern consisting of a first preamble code pattern indicative generically of a signal from a monitoring station and a first presettable code pattern identifying a particular monitoring station.

8. A communication system according to claim 7, wherein said means for radiating a series of response signals includes means constructed and arranged to generate said second code pattern containing a second preamble code pattern different from said first preamble code pattern and indicative generically of a signal from a tag circuit and a second presettable code pattern uniquely identifying a particular tag circuit.

9. A communication system for detecting whenever one or more of a plurality of independent tag circuits comes within range of a monitoring station and identifying such tag circuits as come within said range even though more than one tag circuit may come within said range at the same time, said system comprising means for disposition at said monitoring station for radiating an interrogating signal containing a first code pattern identifiable with said monitoring station;

a tag circuit containing means for receiving said interrogating signal whenever said tag circuit is within range of said monitoring station, means for testing said interrogating signal to determine whether or not said first code pattern corresponds to a preset interrogation code pattern, and means for responding to said interrogating signal only if said testing establishes such correspondence, said last mentioned means comprising means for radiating a series of response signals each containing a predetermined second code pattern different from said first code pattern and identifiable with said tag circuit, and means for varying in at least a pseudorandom manner the intervals between successive response signals; and

further means for disposition at said monitoring station for receiving and testing any signals that are within range of said station to determine if such last mentioned signals contain a predetermined code pattern identifiable with a tag, and only if such last mentioned code pattern is present, passing on said received signals to a processing unit.

10. A tag circuit for communicating with and furnishing identification to a monitoring station whenever said tag circuit comes within range of said monitoring station and independent of the simultaneous presence within said range of another tag circuit, said tag circuit comprising means for receiving from said monitoring station an interrogating signal containing a first code pattern when in range of said station, and means for responding to said interrogating signal, said last mentioned means comprising means for radiating a series of response signals each containing a predetermined second code pattern different from said first code pattern and identifiable with said tag circuit, and means for varying in at least a pseudorandom manner the intervals between successive response signals.

11. A tag circuit according to claim 10, further comprising means for establishing "n" time slots of "t" duration within which said response signals may be radiated, the number of response signals actually radiated during any single complete cycle of operation being a function of the said pseudorandom intervals established during said complete cycle.

12. A tag circuit according to claim 10, wherein said means for radiating a series of response signals comprises a source of carrier frequency signals and means for modulating said carrier signals with said series of response signals;

and said means for varying the intervals between successive response signals comprises a pseudorandom binary sequence generator having a clock input coupled to an output of said modulating means.

13. A tag circuit according to claim 12, wherein said means for varying the intervals between successive response signals further comprises a presettable binary down-counter, means coupling said down-counter to said pseudorandom generator for presetting said down-counter to the then existing count in said pseudorandom generator whenever said down-counter reaches zero count, means for clocking said down-counter once for each of "n" time slots within which a response signal might be radiated, and radiating a response signal during each of said time slots in which said down-counter reaches zero count.

14. A tag circuit according to claim 13, wherein said tag circuit includes means for establishing said "n" time slots, each of "t" duration.

15. A tag circuit according to claim 10, wherein said means for radiating a series of response signals includes means constructed and arranged to generate a code pattern containing a preamble code pattern indicative generically of a signal from a tag circuit and a presettable code pattern uniquely identifying the particular tag circuit.

16. A tag circuit according to claim 15, wherein said means for radiating a series of response signals further includes means for appending to each response signal an error correcting code pattern related to said presettable code pattern.

17. A tag circuit according to claim 16, wherein said means for appending an error correcting code pattern comprises a Hamming generator.

18. A tag circuit for communicating with and furnishing identification to a monitoring station whenever said tag circuit comes within range of said monitoring station and independent of the simultaneous presence within said range of another tag circuit, said tag circuit comprising means for receiving from said monitoring station an interrogating signal containing a first code pattern when in range of said station, means for testing said interrogating signal to determine whether or not said first code pattern corresponds to a preset interrogation code pattern, and means for responding to said interrogating signal only if said testing establishes such correspondence, said last mentioned means comprising means for radiating a series of response signals each containing a predetermined second code pattern different from said first code pattern and identifiable with said tag circuit, and means for varying in at least a pseudorandum manner the intervals between successive response signals.

19. A communication system for detecting whenever one or more of a plurality of independent tag circuits comes within range of a monitoring station and identifying such tag circuits as come within said range even though more than one tag circuit may come within said range at the same time, said system comprising means for disposition at said monitoring station for radiating an interrogating signal identifiable with said monitoring station;

a plurality of tag circuits each containing means for receiving said interrogating signal whenever the respective tag circuit is within range of said monitoring station, and means for responding to said interrogating signal, said last mentioned means comprising means for radiating a series of response signals each containing a predetermined code pattern identifiable with the respective tag circuit, and means for varying in at least a pseudorandum manner the intervals between the successive response signals from each tag circuit; and

further means for disposition at said monitoring station for receiving any signals that are within range of said station and rejecting any of said response signals that arrive at said monitoring station from one tag circuit at the same time as a response signal from another tag circuit.

20. A communication system according to claim 19, wherein said further means for disposition at said monitoring station comprises means for timing the occurrence of code pattern transitions present in a received signal, and means responsive to said last mentioned means for rejecting any signals if said code pattern transitions fail to occur at predetermined timed intervals corresponding to a response signal clock rate.

21. A communication system for establishing simultaneous communication between an interrogating station and a plurality of transponder circuits, said system comprising means for disposition at said interrogating station for transmitting an interrogating signal;

a plurality of transponder circuits each containing means for receiving said interrogating signal, and means for responding to said interrogating signal, said last mentioned means comprising means for transmitting a series of response signals each containing a predetermined code pattern associated with the respective transponder circuit, said code pattern being based upon a keying format such that if two different code patterns are summed at least some of the self-contained clock rate transitions disappear, and means for varying in at least a pseudorandom manner the intervals between the successive response signals from each transponder circuit; and

further means for disposition at said interrogating station for receiving any signals that are transmitted by a transponder circuit and rejecting any of said response signals that arrive at said interrogating station from one transponder circuit at the same time as a response signal from another transponder circuit.

22. A communication system according to claim 21, wherein said further means for disposition at said interrogating station comprises means for timing the occurrence of code pattern transitions present in a received signal, and means responsive to said last mentioned means for rejecting any signals if any of said self-contained clock rate transitions disappear.