Emulsions of liquid hydrocarbons with water and/or alcohols
First Claim
1. An emulsion having in one phase a hydrocarbon liquid and in the other phase water and/or an alcohol, characterised in that the emulsion contains an emulsifier comprising a block copolymer containing at least one polymeric block of at least one monomer selected from the group comprising styrene and ring substituted styrenes and at least one polymeric block of at least one monomer selected from the group having the formula:
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space="preserve" listing-type="equation">H(O--R).sub.n OHwhereinR is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, andn is a number between 4 and 4000.
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Abstract
Emulsions of hydrocarbon liquids such as automotive distillate and water, or water and alcohols, are formed using an emulsifier which is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide type monomers and styrene type monomers. The stability of the emulsions is improved by the addition to the emulsion of a coupling agent which is soluble in the continuous phase of the emulsion and will couple with that portion of the emulsifier which is solvated by the continuous phase of the emulsion. Preferred coupling agents for water in oil type emulsions are copolymers of butadiene and styrene.
66 Citations
40 Claims
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1. An emulsion having in one phase a hydrocarbon liquid and in the other phase water and/or an alcohol, characterised in that the emulsion contains an emulsifier comprising a block copolymer containing at least one polymeric block of at least one monomer selected from the group comprising styrene and ring substituted styrenes and at least one polymeric block of at least one monomer selected from the group having the formula:
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space="preserve" listing-type="equation">H(O--R).sub.n OHwherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is a number between 4 and 4000. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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19. A method of forming an emulsion having in one phase a hydrocarbon liquid and in the other phase water and/or an alcohol, comprising mixing the hydrocarbon liquid with the water and/or alcohol in the presence of an emulsifier comprising a block copolymer containing at least one polymeric block of at least one monomer selected from the group comprising styrene and ring substituted styrenes, and at least one polymeric block of at least one monomer selected from the group having the formula:
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space="preserve" listing-type="equation">H(O--R).sub.n OHwherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is a number of from 4 to 4000. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
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Specification