Method and apparatus for active control of vibrations

• US 4,626,730 A
• Filed: 09/24/1985
• Issued: 12/02/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 08/14/1984
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Hubbard, James E. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Budd, MArk O.
• Application Number:
  US06/779,528
• Time in Patent Office: 434 Days
• Field of Search: 310/800, 310/326, 310/327, 310/316, 310/317
• US Class Current: 310/326
• CPC Class Codes: B06B 1/0688 with foil-type piezoelectric elements, e.g. PVDF
• CPC Class Codes: F16F 15/005 using electro- or magnetostrictive actuation means generating of mechanical vibrations operating with electrostriction B06B1/06, with magnetostriction B06B1/08; vehicle suspension arrangements characterised by use of piezoelectric elements B60G17/01941; piezoelectric, electrostrictive and magnetostrictive devices per se H10N30/00
• CPC Class Codes: F16F 9/306 of the constrained layer type, i.e. comprising one or more constrained viscoelastic layers
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 19/02 characterised by the use of electric means
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/129 Vibration, e.g. instead of, or in addition to, acoustic noise
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3011 Single acoustic input
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3217 Collocated sensor and cancelling actuator, e.g. "virtual earth" designs
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/32291 Plates or thin films, e.g. PVDF foil-type piezoelectric elements B06B1/0688
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/509 Hybrid, i.e. combining different technologies, e.g. passive and active
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 30/2042 Cantilevers, i.e. having one fixed end
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 310/80 Piezoelectric polymers, e.g. PVDF

Abstract

A method and apparatus is disclosed in which a piezoelectric film is used to control or dampen vibrations in a mechanical system. Voltage of proper amplitude and phase is fed across the piezoelectric film to induce strain in the film of appropriate phase, amplitude and frequency to dampen beam vibrations of the mechanical system. The film may be applied directly to the mechanical system or an intermediate viscoelastic layer may be provided. Various control functions are described for determining the correct voltage to be applied to the film.

Claims

1. An apparatus for damping vibrations in a member, comprising:

a. transducer means for sensing mechanical vibrations in said member and producing a first electrical signal proportional thereto;

b. a piezoelectric film material constituting a distributed parameter controller mechanically cooperating with the member;

c. means responsive to said first electrical signal for applying a second electrical signal to the film material of the proper phase and amplitude to induce a mechanical strain in the film material to dampen vibrations in said member.

2. A method of damping vibrations in a member, comprising the steps of:

a. forming a distributed parameter film means of piezoelectric material for damping vibration in said member in cooperative relationship with a principal surface of said member and;

b. sensing vibrations in said member and producing with said film means a first electrical signal proportional to said sensed vibration;

c. applying to said film means a second electrical signal derived from said first signal of proper amplitude and phase to dampen said vibrations in said member.

3. A method of claim 2 in which the piezoelectric film means is formed of polyvinylidene fluoride.

4. A method of damping mechanical vibrations of a plurality of modes in a mechanical member, comprising the steps of:

a. forming a non-spatially discrete piezoelectric film means for damping vibrations in a large number of vibrational modes in cooperative relationship with the surface of the member in which vibrations are to be damped;

b. attaching strain detection means to said member for detecting mechanical modes of vibration and converting said mechanical modes to an electrical vibration signal proportional to said modes of vibration;

c. amplifying the vibration signal; and

d. coupling to the piezoelectric film means a proportional signal which is proportional to the amplified vibration signal.

5. A method of claim 4 in which the piezoelectric film means is comprised of a layer of polyvinylidene fluoride.

6. A method of claim 5 which the proportional signal is shifted in phase prior to being coupled to the film means.

7. A method of claim 6 in which the piezoelectric film means is polyvinylidene fluoride.

8. Apparatus for damping vibrations in a mechanical member, comprising:

a. a distributed parameter film means of piezoelectric material mechanically cooperating with said member such that as an electrical signal is applied to the film means, corresponding mechanical strain signals are induced in the member;

b. transducer means cooperating with said member to sense vibrations in said member and to generate said electrical signal from said sensed vibrations.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 in which the piezoelectric material is polyvinylidene fluoride.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 in which a feedback loop is provided intermediate the film means and transducer means which includes a phase shift circuit for changing the phase of the electrical signal.

11. An apparatus of claim 10 in which the rate of change of the mechanical member vibration is coupled back to the piezoelectric film means by taking the derivative of the vibrational displacement detected by the transducer means.

12. An apparatus for damping vibrations in a mechanical system, comprising:

a distributed parameter film means of piezoelectric material for damping vibration in said system, mechanically cooperating with a member such that, in response to an electrical signal applied to the film means, corresponding mechanical strain signals are induced in the member to dampen said vibrations.

13. A method of damping vibrations in a mechanical member, comprising the steps of:

a. applying a distributed parameter film means of piezoelectric material for damping vibrations in the mechanical member in cooperative relationship with the surface of the member in which vibrations are to be damped;

b. attaching accelerometer means to said member for providing an acceleration signal proportional to the linear or angular acceleration of said member;

c. integrating said acceleration signal to provide a member velocity signal;

d. feeding back to the film means a negative feedback signal derived from said velocity signal to dampen vibrations in said member.

14. A method of claim 13 in which the negative feedback signal is a constant gain signal.

15. A method of claim 13 in which the negative feedback signal is a constant amplitude signal.

16. A method of claim 13 in which the negative feedback signal is a non-linear signal.

17. The method of claim 13 in which the feedback signal is:

##EQU12##

18. The method of claim 13 in which the feedback signal is:

##EQU13## wherein K is a constant equal to feedback gain.