Variable frequency gas-bubble-manipulating apparatus and method

• US 4,689,986 A
• Filed: 03/13/1985
• Issued: 09/01/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 03/13/1985
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Michigan (University of Michigan)
• Original Assignee: University of Michigan
• Inventors: Carson, Paul L., Detsch, Richard M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Levy, Stewart J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, HEZRON
• Application Number:
  US06/711,255
• Time in Patent Office: 902 Days
• Field of Search: 73/19, 73/61 R, 128/660, 128/663
• US Class Current: 73/19.03
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/481 involving the use of contrast agent, e.g. microbubbles introduced into the bloodstream analysis of echo signal exploiting properties of a contrast enhancer in devices for short-range imaging with acoustic waves G01S7/52039
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/032 by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/895 characterised by the transmitted frequency spectrum
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8979 Combined Doppler and pulse-echo imaging systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52022 using a sequence of pulses, at least one pulse manipulating the transmissivity or reflexivity of the medium

Abstract

A system for detecting gas bubbles in a specimen utilizes a transducer which produces pulses, illustratively of ultrasonic acoustic energy, having predetermined frequency characteristics. A first pulse has an increasing frequency with time, and a second pulse has a decreasing frequency with time. Imaging arrangements, which may be formed of ultrasonic transducers, produce images of the region within the specimen after exposure to each such pulse. In one embodiment, a growth transducer array is utilized for dramatically increasing the size of the bubbles, which array is formed of a plurality of transducers which are moved with respect to the specimen and which have respective frequency characteristics over different frequency ranges. Thus, bubble radius is successively increased as each bubble is exposed to the acoustic energy from each such transducer within the growth transducer array. The present invention can be used to reduce the cavitation threshold of bubbles, particularly in the vicinity of tumors, or to increase the temperature in the bubble-containing region.

Claims

1. A bubble detection method of the type which utilizes ultrasonic acoustical energy to detect a bubble-containing region within a specimen, the bubble detection method comprising the steps of:

emitting from an ultrasonic transducer the acoustical energy into the bubble-containing region within the specimen;

decreasing the frequency of the acoustical energy with respect to time whereby the size of a bubble in the bubble-containing region is increased; and

receiving a portion of said emitted acoustical energy reflected by said bubble of increased size within the bubble-containing region.

2. The bubble detection method of claim 1 comprising the further step of moving an acoustical energy wave pattern produced by said ultrasonic transducer with respect to the specimen for producing a multidimensional image.

3. The bubble detection of claim 1 wherein said step of receiving comprises the step of receiving with a receiving transducer said portion of said acoustical energy emitted from said ultrasonic transducer.

4. The bubble detection method of claim 1 wherein there is provided the further step of producing a first image of the specimen.

5. The bubble detection method of claim 4 wherein there is further provided the step of producing a second image of the specimen after performing said step of decreasing.

6. The bubble detection method of claim 5 wherein there is provided the further step of comparing said first and second images for determining a selected characteristic property of the bubble-containing region.

7. The bubble detection method of claim 1 wherein there is provided the further step of further emitting from a further ultrasonic transducer acoustical energy having, with respect to time, a further decreasing frequency into the specimen for responsively further increasing the size of said bubble in the bubble-containing region.

8. The bubble detection method of claim 7 wherein said steps of emitting and further emitting occur during respective, sequential time periods.

9. The bubble detection method of claim 8 wherein said sequential time periods have equal durations.

10. The bubble detection method of claim 1 wherein prior to said step of emitting there is provided the further step of prior emitting acoustical energy having a frequency which increases with time into the specimen for responsively decreasing the size of a bubble in the bubble-containing region.

11. The bubble detection method of claim 10 wherein said decreases and increases in said frequencies with respect to time during said steps of emitting and prior emitting, respectively, occur within equal upper and equal lower frequencies.

12. The bubble detection method of claim 11 wherein said decreases and increases in said frequencies occur during time periods having equal durations whereby said decreases and increases in said frequencies are time-reversed with respect to one another.

13. The bubble detection method of claim 10 wherein said ultrasonic transducer is formed as a transducer array having a first transducer surrounding a second transducer.

14. The bubble detection method of claim 1 wherein there is provided the further step of reducing a transient cavitation threshold for causing collapse of the bubbles in the bubble-containing region.

15. The bubble detection method of claim 14 wherein said decrease in said frequency is sufficient to cause a catastrophic collapse of the bubbles in the bubble-containing region.

16. The bubble detection method of claim 15 wherein said amplitude of said acoustical energy is insufficient to damage healthy tissue outside of the bubble-containing region.

17. The bubble detection method of claim 1 wherein said size of said bubble is increased from a size which is undetectable to a detectable size.

18. An imaging arangement of the type which utilizes emitted energy to detect gas bubbles within a region of a specimen, the arrangement comprising:

growth array means formed of a plurality of transducers substantially aligned along an axis, each for emitting a respective energy having a frequency which decreases with time over a respective frequency range, whereby the gas bubbles within the specimen are enlarged;

translation means for displacing said growth array means with respect to the specimen in a direction substantially along said axis; and

imaging means for producing a first image of the region of the specimen prior to the region being exposed to said emitted energy, and a second image of the region responsive to exposure of the region to said emitted energy.

19. The imaging arangement of claim 18 further comprising comparison means for comparing said first and second images to determine the presence of the gas bubbles in the region of the specimen.

20. The imaging arangement of claim 19 wherein said comparison means comprises:

matched first and second filters for detecting echo signals reflected from within the specimen; and

subtraction means for producing a third image showing said presence of the gas bubbles in said region of the specimen by a selectable one of mathematical subtraction and normalized, weighted subtraction techniques.

21. The imaging arrangement of claim 19 wherein there is further provided measurement means for quantitatively measuring the amount of bubble enlargement in response to said growth array means.

22. The imaging arrangement of claim 21 wherein there is further provided means for determining bubble velocity.

23. The imaging arrangment of claim 21 wherein there is further provided means for determining an original bubble size.

24. The imaging arrangement of claim 21 wherein there is further provided means for determining a numerical density of bubbles.

25. The imaging arrangement of claim 21 wherein said growth array means comprises a phased acoustic transducer array for reducing the need for displacing said growth array means.

26. The imaging arrangement of claim 25 wherein said phased acoustic transducer array is characterized by a varying frequency.

27. The imaging arrangement of claim 18 wherein said growth array means is arranged to emit a plurality of electromagnetic pulses for absorption within the gas bubbles whereby a radius of each bubble is increased during each of said electromagnetic pulses.

28. The imaging arrangement of claim 18 wherein said growth array means is arranged to emit ultrasonic acoustic energy.

29. The imaging arrangement of claim 18 used for reducing a transient cavitation threshold in the gas bubbles.

30. The imaging arrangement of claim 18 used for increasing a temperature in the vicinity of the gas bubbles.

31. An imaging arrangement for producing a visible indication responsive to gas bubbles contained within a region of a specimen, the imaging arrangement comprising:

pulse means for producing a first pulse of acoustical energy having a frequency which increases with time, said first pulse being directed into the region of the specimen, and a second pulse of acoustical energy having a frequency which decreases with time, said second pulse also being directed into the region of the specimen and causing the gas bubbles contained within the region of the specimen to increase in size; and

imaging means for forming a first image of the region after being exposed to said first pulse, and a second image of the region after being exposed to said second pulse.

32. The imaging arrangement of claim 31 wherein there is further provided feedback means responsive to said imaging means for determining an optimal frequency for optimizing a difference between said first and second images.