Target acquisition system and method

• US 4,739,401 A
• Filed: 01/25/1985
• Issued: 04/19/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Coleman, Guy B., Sacks, Jack M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Buczinski, Stephen C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wallace, Linda J.
• Application Number:
  US06/695,023
• Time in Patent Office: 1,180 Days
• Field of Search: 358/100, 358/103, 358/105, 358/125, 358/107-110, 358/126, 358/113, 382/1, 382/10, 382/16, 382/25, 364/423
• US Class Current: 382/103
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2226 comparing the observed data with stored target data, e.g. target configuration data
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2253 Passive homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and do not requiring an active illumination of the target
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2293 using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves

Abstract

A system (20) for identifying and tracking targets in an image scene having a highly cluttered background. An imaging sensor and processing subsystem (21) provides a video image of the image scene. A size identification subsystem (23) removes background clutter from the image by filtering the image to pass objects whose sizes are within a predetermined size range. A feature analysis subsystem (24) analyzes the features of those objects which pass through the size identification subsystem and determines if a target is present in the image scene. A gated tracking subsystem (25) and scene correlation and tracking subsystem (26) track the target objects and image scene, respectively, until a target is identified. Thereafter, the tracking subsystems lock onto the target identified by the system (20). Several methods relating to target acquisition are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A target acquisition system comprising:

imaging sensor means for viewing an image scene and providing first output signals corresponding thereto;

size identification means coupled to said imaging sensor means for processing said first output signals to identify objects present in said image scene whose sizes are in a predetermined size range and for providing second output signals indicative thereof;

gated tracking means coupled to said imaging sensor and size identification means for processing said first and second output signals to track the relative positions of objects in said image scene whose sizes are within said predetermined size range and for providing tracking position error output signals corresponding thereto, and for providing gated second output signals therefrom corresponding to said objects whose sizes are within said predetermined size range;

scene correlation means coupled to said imaging sensor and gated tracking means for tracking an aimpoint contained in said image scene; and

feature analysis means coupled to said gated tracking means for processing the gated second output signals to determine the features of said objects whose sizes are within said predetermined size range and for identifying target objects in said image scene based upon the features analyzed thereby.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said feature analysis means comprises:

shape identification means for determining the relative shape of objects whose sizes are within said predetermined range.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein said shape identification means comprises:

shape computation means for providing a set of normalized coefficients representative of the shape of each of said objects whose sizes are within said predetermined size range;

shape reference means for storing sets of predetermined normalized coefficients representative of the shapes of objects of interest;

comparator means coupled to said shape reference means and said shape computation means for comparing the sets of coefficients provided by said shape computation means to sets of coefficients stored in said shape reference means and providing third output signals which are indicative of the comparison thereof.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein said feature analysis means further comprises:

probabilistic target selection means for identifying target objects located in said image scene based upon a probabilistic analysis of the features of said objects and for providing output signals therefrom.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein said scene correlation means (26) further comprises:

a scene correlator (70) coupled to said imaging sensor means for processing said first output signals to track the aimpoint of said image scene.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein said scene correlation means further comprises:

motion detection means coupled to said scene correlator means and said gated tracking means (53) for determining the relative motion of objects located in said image scene.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein said scene correlation means further comprises:

range calculation means, coupled to said scene correlator means, for determining the range to objects located in said image scene.

8. The system of claim 7 which further comprises:

a scene stabilizer and tracker (71) coupled to said scene correlator for processing output signals provided thereby and tracking said aimpoint of said image scene and for providing stabilized tracking output signals therefrom.

9. The system of claim 8 which further comprises:

a track mode selector (72) coupled to said scene stabilizer and tracker for processing said stabilized tracking output signals and providing guidance signals therefrom; and

a track logic circuit (74) coupled to said gated tracking means for processing said tracking position error signals to lock onto a selected object in said image scene.

10. The system of claim 5 wherein said gated tracking means comprises:

a gated peak detector for processing said second output signals from said size identification means and providing gated second output signals indicative of selected areas of said image scene surrounding said objects having sizes which are within said predetermined size range;

candidate target isolator means coupled to said image sensor and to said gated peak detector for processing said gated second output signals and providing a plurality of parallel output signals representative of the location of each of said objects having sizes within said predetermined size range; and

a gated tracker coupled to said image sensor means and said isolator means for processing said first output signals and said parallel output signals and for providing tracking position error signals, to said scene correlation means, indicative of the relative frame-to-frame positional error of said objects located in said image scene.

11. The system of claim 4 wherein said gated tracking means comprises:

a gated peak detector for processing said second output signals from said size identification means and providing gated second output signals indicative of selected areas of said image scene surrounding said objects having sizes which are within said predetermined size range;

candidate target isolator means coupled to said image sensor and to said gated peak detector for processing said gated second output signals and providing a plurality of parallel output signals representative of the location of each of said objects having sizes within said predetermined size range; and

a gated tracker coupled to said image sensor means and said isolator means for processing said first output signals and said parallel output signals and for providing tracking position error signals, to said scene correlation means, indicative of the relative frame-to-frame positional error of said objects located in said image scene.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein said gated tracking means comprises:

a gated peak detector for processing said second output signals from said size identification means and providing gated second output signals indicative of selected areas of said image scene surrounding said objects having sizes which are within said predetermined size range;

candidate target isolator means coupled to said image sensor and to said gated peak detector for processing said gated second output signals and providing a plurality of parallel output signals representative of the location of each of said objects having sizes within said predetermined size range; and

a gated tracker coupled to said image sensor means and said isolator means for processing said first output signals and said parallel output signals and for providing tracking position error signals, to said scene correlation means, indicative of the relative frame-to-frame positional error of said objects located in said image scene.

13. A system for identifying objects that have known sizes and features which are located in an image scene containing objects having various sizes and features, said system comprising:

imaging sensor means for providing first output signals corresponding to said image scene;

size identification means coupled to said imaging sensor means for processing said first output signals and for providing second output signals indicative of objects within said image scene whose sizes are within a predetermined size range;

gated tracking means coupled to said imaging sensor means and said size identification means for processing said first and second output signals in order to track those objects within said image scene whose sizes are within said predetermined size range and for providing tracking position error output signals indicative thereof;

feature analysis means coupled to said gated tracking means for processing said second output signals to determine the relative features of said objects whose sizes are within said predetermined size range and for providing third output signals which are indicative of target objects located within said image scene;

scene correlation and tracking means coupled to said imaging sensor means, to said feature analysis means and to said gated tracking means for processing said first and third output signals and said tracking position error signals in order to track said target objects.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein said feature analysis means comprises:

shape identification means for determining the relative shapes of objects whose sizes are within said predetermined range.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein said shape identification means comprises:

shape computation means for providing a set of normalized coefficients representative of the shape of each of said objects whose sizes are within said predetermined size range;

shape reference means for storing sets of predetermined normalized coefficients representative of the shapes of objects of interest;

comparator means coupled to said shape reference means and said shape computation means for comparing the sets of coefficients provided by said shape computation means to sets of coefficients stored in said shape reference means and providing said third output signals therefrom.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein said feature analysis means further comprises:

probabilistic target selection means for identifying target objects located in said image scene based upon a probabilistic analysis of the features of said objects and for providing said third output signals therefrom.

17. The system in one of claim 16 wherein said scene correlation and tracking means comprises:

a scene correlator coupled to said imaging sensor means for processing said first output signals to track said image scene and for providing correlated output signals representative of the frame-to-frame correlation of said image scene.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein said scene correlation and tracking means further comprises:

a scene stabilizer and tracker coupled to said scene correlator for processing said correlated output signals and tracking the aimpoint of said image scene and for providing stabilized tracking output signals therefrom.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein said scene correlation and tracking means further comprises:

a track mode selector coupled to said scene stabilizer and tracker for processing said stabilized tracking output signals and providing guidance signals therefrom; and

a track logic circuit coupled to said gated tracking means and said feature analysis means for processing said tracking error signals and said third output signals to lock onto said target object.

20. The system of claim 18 wherein said gated tracking means comprises:

a gated peak detector for processing said second output signals from said size identification means and providing gated second output signals indicative of said image scene surrounding said objects having sizes which are within said predetermined size range;

candidate target isolator means coupled to said gated peak detector for processing said gated output signals and providing a plurality of parallel output signals representative of the location of each of said objects having sizes within said predetermined size range; and

a gated tracker coupled to said imaging sensor means and said candidate target isolator means for processing said first output signals and said parallel output signals and providing target position error signals, to said scene correlation means, indicative of the relative frame-to-frame positional error of objects located in said image scene.

21. The system of claim 17 wherein said feature analysis means further comprises:

probabilistic target selection means for identifying target objects located in said image scene based upon a probabilistic analysis of the features of said objets and for providing said third output signals therefrom.

22. The system of claim 17 wherein said scene correlation means further comprises:

a target motion indicator coupled to said scene correlator and to said gated tracking means for determining the relative motion of target objects present in said image scene.

23. The system of claim 22 wherein said scene correlation means further comprises:

range calculation means coupled to said scene correlator for determining the range from said system to said target object.

24. The system of claim 23 wherein said gated tracking means comprises:

a gated peak detector for processing said second output signals from said size identification means and providing gated second output signals indicative of said image scene surrounding said objects having sizes which are within said predetermined size range;

candidate target isolator means coupled to said gated peak detector for processing said gated output signals and providing a plurality of parallel output signals representative of the location of each of said objects having sizes within said predetermined size range; and

a gated tracker coupled to said imaging sensor means and said candidate target isolator means for processing said first output signals and said parallel output signals and providing target position error signals, to said scene correlation means, indicative of the relative frame-to-frame positional error of objects located in said image scene.

25. The system of claim 22 wherein said gated tracking means comprises:

a gated peak detector for processing said second output signals from said size identification means and providing gated second output signals indicative of said image scene surrounding said objects having sizes which are within said predetermined size range;

candidate target isolator means coupled to said gated peak detector for processing said gated output signals and providing a plurality of parallel output signals representative of the location of each of said objects having sizes within said predetermined size range; and

a gated tracker coupled to said imaging sensor means and said candidate target isolator means for processing said first output signals and said parallel output signals and providing target position error signals, to said scene correlation means, indicative of the relative frame-to-frame positional error of objects located in said image scene.

26. The system of claim 17 wherein said gated tracking means comprises:

a gated peak detector for processing said second output signals from said size identification means and providing gated second output signals indicative of said image scene surrounding said objects having sizes which are within said predetermined size range;

candidate target isolator means coupled to said gated peak detector for processing said gated output signals and providing a plurality of parallel output signals representative of the location of each of said objects having sizes within said predetermined size range; and

a gated tracker coupled to said imaging sensor means and said candidate target isolator means for processing said first output signals and said parallel output signals and providing target position error signals, to said scene correlation means, indicative of the relative frame-to-frame positional error of objects located in said image scene.

27. A system for identifying and tracking objects that have known sizes and shapes which are located in an image scene containing objects having various sizes and shapes, said system being adapted for use on a moving vehicle, said system comprising:

imaging sensor means for providing first output signals corresponding to said image scene;

size identification means coupled to said imaging sensor means for processing said first output signals and for providing second output signals indicative of objects within said image scene whose sizes are within a predetermined size range;

shape identification means coupled to said size identification means for processing said second output signals to determine the relative shapes of said objects whose sizes are within said predetermined size range and for providing third output signals which are indicative of target objects located within said image scene;

gated tracking means coupled to said imaging sensor means and said size identification means for processing said first and second output signals in order to track those objects within said image scene whose sizes are within said predetermined size range and for providing tracking position error output signals corresponding to the frame-to-frame motion of said objects within said image scene;

scene correlation and tracking means coupled to said imaging sensor means and said gated tracking means for processing said first and third output signals and said tracking position error signals, in order to track said target objects, said scene correlation and tracking means providing guidance signals to said moving vehicle in order to direct said vehicle towards said target object.