Marking tape with wire conductors and methods for use

• US 4,767,237 A
• Filed: 02/08/1988
• Issued: 08/30/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 08/26/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: 3M Company
• Original Assignee: 3M Company
• Inventors: Minarovic, Joe T., Cosman, Armond D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Taylor, Dennis L.
• Application Number:
  US07/153,513
• Time in Patent Office: 204 Days
• Field of Search: 405/157, 405/176, 324/326, 324/327, 324/328, 324/329, 324/330, 324/331, 324/67, 324/51, 324/52, 340/652, 340/540, 340/550, 174/37, 174/117 F
• US Class Current: 405/157
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 15/00 Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object record carriers for use with machines having a detectable tag or marker G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02G 9/025 Coverings therefor, e.g. tile

Abstract

A marking tape that is positioned underground above utility lines wherein the marking tape carries a pair of closely spaced, parallel, insulated conductors that extend the length of the tape and at least one other insulated conductor extending the length of the tape which is separated from the pair of conductors at a distance that is greater than the distance between the conductors of the pair of conductors. Passive markers having a resonant circuit can be selectively placed along the tape wherein the resonant circuit is electromagnetically coupled to the pair of conductors and the other conductor. The other insulated conductor can be one of a pair of conductors similar to the other pair of conductors. A method is disclosed whereby the making tape can be electromagnetically traced with the position of the passive markers established. A method is also disclosed for determining the distance to a break in the tape which causes the pair of conductors to be severed.

Claims

1. A marking tape for placement underground including:

at least one pair of closely spaced, parallel, insulated conductors carried by and extending the length of the tape wherein the conductors are wires; and

at least one other insulated conductor carried by and extending the length of the tape without any conductors similar to and positioned between said one pair of conductors and said other conductor, said other conductor positioned away from said one pair of conductors at a distance that is greater than the distance between the conductors of said pair of conductors.

2. A marking tape according to claim 1 wherein said other conductor is a wire.

3. A marking tape according to claim 1 wherein said other conductor is a metal foil.

4. A marking tape according to claim 1 wherein said other conductor is an insulated wire and the marking tape further including an insulated wire closely spaced, parallel to said other conductor and carried by said tape and extending the length of said tape.

5. A marking tape according to claim 1 wherein said one pair of wires has common, uniform insulation between said wires.

6. A marking tape according to claim 1 wherein said insulated conductors include insulation presenting a flat base wherein said flat base is secured to the tape.

7. A marking tape according to claim 1 wherein a plurality of passive markers, each having an inductive coil, are carried by the tape and are spaced along the tape with said inductive coil of each of said passive markers extending between said pair of conductors and said other conductor to provide electromagnetic coupling with a portion of said pair of conductors and a portion of said other conductor.

8. A method of tracing a marking tape that is placed underground including the steps of:

providing at least one pair of closely spaced, parallel conductors carried by and extending the length of the tape wherein the conductors are wires;

providing at least one other insulated conductor carried by and extending the length of the tape and separated from said one pair of conductors at a distance that is greater than the distance between the conductors of said one pair of conductors;

connecting said one pair of conductors and said one other conductor together at one end of the tape;

applying an alternating current at a given frequency at the other end of said tape between at least one conductor of said one pair of conductors and said other conductor for establishing an electromagnetic field along said one pair of conductors and along said one other conductor; and

moving a receiver having an antenna and capable of receiving said given frequency and communicating to an operator the strength of the received signal along the marking tape and swinging the receiver laterally of same to obtain a peak-null-peak signal as an indication that the operator is over the tape.

9. A method for tracing a marking tape that is placed underground and locating specific points along the marking tape includes the steps of:

providing at least one pair of closely spaced, parallel conductors carried by and extending the length of the tape wherein the conductors are wires;

providing at least one other insulated conductor carried by and extending the length of the tape and separated from said one pair of conductors at a distance that is greater than the distance between the conductors of said one pair of conductors;

placing a passive marker at each specific point along the marking tape to be located subsequent to placement of the marking tape underground, said passive marker having an inductor-capacitor connected to form a resonant circuit of a selected frequency with said passive marker at each specific point along the marker placed to establish electromagnetic coupling with said one pair of conductors and with said other conductor;

connecting said one pair of conductors and said one other conductor together at one end of the tape;

applying an alternating current at said selected frequency at the other end of said tape between at least one conductor of said one pair of conductors and said other conductor for establishing an electromagnetic field along said one pair of conductors and along said one other conductor; and

moving a receiver having an antenna and capable of receiving said given frequency and communicating to an operator the strength of the received signal along the marking tape and swinging the receiver laterally of same to obtain a peak-null-peak signal as an indication that the operator is over the tape and to obtain a signal in the region where there would be a null as an indication of the presence of said passive marker.

10. A method for determining the distance from a measuring point to a break in a marking tape that is placed underground including the steps of:

providing at least one pair of closely spaced conductors carried by and extending the length of the tape, said pair of conductors presenting a known capacitance per unit length and wherein the conductors are wires that are severed when the marking tape is severed;

measuring the capacitance presented by said pair of conductors when a break in the tape is known or suspected, such measurement being made from the end of said pair of conductors away from the known or suspected break in the tape; and

calculating the distance from the point of measurement of the capacitance using the measured capacitance and the known capacitance per unit length of said pair of conductors.

11. A method of tracing a marking tape that is placed underground including the steps of:

providing at least one current conducting path carried by and extending the length of the tape;

providing at least one other current conducting path carried by and extending the length of the tape and spaced from said one current conducting path;

connecting said one current conducting path and said other current conducting path together at one end of the tape;

applying an alternating current at a given frequency at the other end of said tape between said one current conducting path and said other current conducting path for establishing an electromagnetic field along said one current conducting path and along said other current conducting path; and

moving a receiver having an antenna and capable of receiving said given frequency and communicating to an operator the strength of the received signal along the marking tape and swinging the receiver laterally of same to obtain a peak-null-peak signal as an indication that the operator is over the tape.

12. A method for tracing a marking tape that is placed underground and locating specific points along the marking tape includes the steps of:

providing at least one current conducting path carried by and extending the length of the tape;

providing at least one other current conducting path carried by and extending the length of the tape and separated from said one current conducting path;

placing a passive marker at each specific point along the marking tape to be located subsequent to placement of the marking tape underground, said passive marker having an inductor-capacitor connected to form a resonant circuit of a selected frequency with said passive marker at each specific point along the marker placed to establish electromagnetic coupling with said one current conducting path and with said other current conducting path;

connecting said one current conducting path and said other current conducting path together at one end of the tape;

applying an alternating current at said selected frequency at the other end of said tape between said one current conducting path and said other current conducting path for establishing an electromagnetic field along said one current conducting path and along said other current conducting path; and

moving a receiver having an antenna and capable of receiving said given frequency and communicating to an operator the strength of the received signal along the marking tape and swinging the receiver laterally of same to obtain a peak-null-peak signal as an indication that the operator is over the tape and to obtain a signal in the region where there would be a null as an indication of the presence of said passive marker.