Automatic/remote RF instrument monitoring system

• US 4,799,059 A
• Filed: 03/14/1986
• Issued: 01/17/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Itron, Inc.
• Original Assignee: EnScan, Inc.
• Inventors: Denzene, Quentin S., Grindahl, Mervin L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Caldwell, John W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Holloway, III, Edwin C.
• Application Number:
  US06/839,889
• Time in Patent Office: 1,040 Days
• Field of Search: 340/870.02, 340/870.03, 340/825.08, 340/825.48, 340/825.54, 340/825.77, 340/505, 340/870.11, 340/870.12, 340/870.13, 340/870.28 , 340/825.06, 371/37, 342/50, 375/1, 375/55, 375/87, 375/76, 331/78, 370/95, 370/96, 370/50, 370/69.1, 455/53, 455/54, 455/105, 455/228, 455/88, 455/58
• US Class Current: 340/870.03
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/006 Remote reading of utility meters to a non-fixed location, i.e. mobile location
• CPC Class Codes: G08C 15/00 Arrangements characterised by the use of multiplexing for the transmission of a plurality of signals over a common path
• CPC Class Codes: G08C 25/00 Arrangements for preventing or correcting errors; Monitoring arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/30 Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading

Abstract

An improved automatic/remote RF instrument monitoring system including a plurality of transponders configured to operate with one of a plurality of parameter sensing instruments remotely located from an interrogate/receiver. The interrogate/receiver transmits RF transponder activation signals in the form of a tone modulated onto a carrier. In response to the activation signals, the transponders "wake-up" and transmit an RF transponder signal which is received and processed by the interrogate/receiver. The transponders include a transmission enable circuit which initiates transmission of the RF transponder signals at random times after receipt of the activation signals. The RF transponder signals are formed by a plurality of spaced transponder information packets. Transponder information packets of the transponder signal are transmitted at pseudorandom frequencies as a Manchester encoded bit stream including a preamble field of predetermined preamble data, an instrument parameter field of data sensed by the instrument, an instrument identification field of instrument identification data, and an error control code field of BCH error control code data.

Claims

1. An RF transponder suitable for use with an automatic/remote instrument monitoring system wherein the transponder is one of a plurality of such transponders configured to operate with at least one of a plurality of parameter sensing instruments remotely located from an interrogate/receiver which transmits an RF activation signal to said transponders and which receives and processes RF transponder signals received from the transponders, said transponder comprising:

preamble field means for providing a preamble field of predetermined preamble data;

instrument parameter field means adapted for interconnection to a parameter sensing instrument for providing an instrument parameter fielf of instrument parameter data sensed by the instrument;

instrument identification field means for providing an instrument identification field of instrument identification data;

BCH error control coding means for error control coding at least a portion of the fields of data including the preamble field data, instrument parameter field data, and instrument identification field data, and for providing an error control code field of BCH error control code data;

transmission enable means for receiving an RF activation signal from an interrogate/receiver and for providing a transponder enable signal in response thereto;

sequence control means coupled to the transmission enable means, preamble field means, instrument parameter field means, instrument identification field means and BCH error control code means, for causing the fields of data to be assembled in a predetermined manner to produce a plurality of transponder information packets in which the BCH error control code field follows the instrument identification field, the instrument identification field follows the instrument parameter field, and the instrument parameter field follows the preamble field, in response to the transponder enable signal;

transmission encoding means for transmission encoding the transponder information packets and producing transmission encoded transponder information packets;

data path control means for causing the portion of the fields of data to be error control coded to be simultaneously transferred to the transmission encoding means and to the BCH error control coding means, and for causing the error control code field of data to be transferred to the transmission encoding means following the transfer to the transmission encoding means of the portions which have been BCH error control coded;

RF transmitter means operatively coupled to receive the transmission encoded transponder information packets for transmitting an RF transponder signal including the transmission encoded transponder information packets; and

frequency control means coupled to the RF transmitter means for actively varying a frequency of the RF transponder signal such that transponder information packets thereof can be transmitted at different frequencies within a predetermined frequency bandwidth.

2. The RF transponder of claim 1 wherein the BCH error control coding means provides an error control code field of shortened 255, 239, 2 BCH error control code data.

3. The RF transponder of claim 2 wherein the shortened BCH error control code is generated by the polynomial P(X)=1+X+X⁵ +X⁶ +X⁸ +X⁹ +X¹⁰ +X¹¹ +X¹³ +X¹⁴ +X¹⁶.

4. The RF transponder of claim 1 wherein the transmission encoding means comprises Manchester transmission encoding means for producing a Manchester encoded bit stream of data.

5. The RF transponder of claim 1 wherein:

the preamble field means includes preamble shift register means responsive to the sequence control means for receiving the preamble data in a parallel format and for serial field data transfer;

the instrument parameter field means includes instrument parameter shift register means responsive to the sequence control means for receiving the instrument parameter data in a parallel format and for serial field data transfer;

the instrument identification field means includes instrument identification shift register means responsive to the sequence control means for receiving the instrument identification data in a parallel format and for serial field data transfer; and

the BCH error control coding means includes error control coding shift register means responsive to the sequence control means for serially receiving the portion of the fields of data to be error control coded, and for serial field data transfer.

6. The RF transponder of claim 5 wherein the data path control means causes the portion of the fields of data to be error control coded to be serially transferred to the transmission encoding means and to the BCH error control coding means, and causes the error control code field of data to be serially transferred to the transmission encoding means following the transfer of the portions which have been BCH error control coded.

7. The RF transponder of claim 6 wherein:

the instrument identification shift register means is operatively coupled to the instrument parameter shift register means for serial field data transfer;

the instrument parameter shift register means is operatively coupled to the data path control means for sreial field data transfer;

the data path control means is operatively coupled to the preamble shift register means and the error control code shift register means for serial field data transfer;

the preamble shift register means is operatively coupled to the transmission encoding means for serial field data transfer; and

the sequence control means causes the error control code field to follow the instrument identification field, the instrument identification field to follow the instrument parameter field, and the instrument parameter field to follow the preamble field in the transmission encoded transponder information packets.

8. The RF transponder of claim 7 wherein:

the transponder further includes tamper field shift register means responsive to the sequence control means and operatively coupled between the instrument parameter shift register means and the instrument identification shift register means for receiving tamper data representative of instrument tampering in a parallel format, and for serial field data transfer; and

the sequence control means causes the tamper field to follow the instrument parameter field in the transmission encoded transponder information packets.

9. The RF transponder of claim 8 wherein:

the transponder further includes instrument type field shift register means responsive to the sequence control means and operatively coupled between the preamble shift register means and the instrument parameter shift register means for receiving instrument type data in a parallel format, and for serial field data transfer; and

the sequence control means causes the instrument type field to follow the preamble field in the transmission encoded transponder information packets.

10. The RF transponder of claim 9 wherein:

the transponder further includes spare field shift register means responsive to the sequence control means and operatively coupled between the preamble shift register means and the instrument type shift register means for receiving spare data in a parallel format and for serial field data transfer; and

the sequence control means causes the spare field to follow the preamble field in the transmission encoded transponder information packets.

11. The RF transponder of claim 1 wherein the preamble field means provides a preamble field of data which is twenty-one bits in length.

12. The RF transponder of claim 11 wherein the preamble field means provides a preamble field of data representative of 111110010101001100000 sequence of digital values.

13. The RF transponder of claim 1 wherein the sequence control means causes the predetermined number of transponder information packet to be separated in time from adjacent transponder information packets.

14. The RF transponder of claim 1 wherein the transmission enable means produces the enable signal at a random time within a predetermined time period after receipt of an RF activation signal.

15. The RF transponder of claim 1 wherein the transmission enable means produces the enable signal upon receipt of an RF activation signal having predetermined frequency characteristics.

16. The RF transponder of claim 15 wherein the transmission enable means produces the enable signal upon receipt of an activation signal in the form of a tone modulated onto an RF carrier.

17. In an automatic/remote instrument monitoring system of the type having a plurality of RF transponders associated with one of a plurality of parameter sensing instruments remotely located from an interrogate/receiver which transmits an RF activation signal to the transponders and which receives and processes RF transponder signals from the transponders;

a protocol by which the RF transponder signals are transmitted from the transponders to the interrogate/receiver in response to an activation signal therefrom, comprising;

providing a preamble field of predetermined preamble data;

providing an instrument parameter field of instrument parameter data sensed by an instrument;

providing an instrument identification field of instrument identification data;

BCH error control coding at least a portion of the fields of data including the preamble field data, instrument parameter field data, and instrument identification field data, and providing an error control code field of BCH error control code data;

transmission encoding the fields of data;

simultaneously BCH error control coding and transmission encoding the portion of the fields of data to be error control coded;

transmission encoding the field of BCH error control code data following the transmission encoding of the portion of the fields of data which were error control coded;

assembling the transmission encoded fields of data in a predetermined manner to produce a plurality of transponder information packets in which the error control code field follows the instrument identification field, the instrument identification field follows the instrument parameter field, and the instrument parameter field follows the preamble field; and

transmitting the transponder information packets at different frequencies within a predetermined frequency bandwidth as a transponder signal.

18. The protocol of claim 17 wherein BCH error control coding includes providing an error control code field of shortened 255, 239, 2 BCH error control code data.

19. The protocol of claim 18 wherein BCH error control coding includes providing an error control code field of shortened 255, 239, 2 BCH error control code data generated by the polunomial P(X)=1+X+X⁵ +X⁶ +X⁸ +X⁹ +X¹⁰ +X¹¹ +X¹³ +X¹⁴ +X¹⁶.

20. The protocol of claim 17 wherein providing a preamble field of data includes providing a preamble field of data representative of a 111110010101001100000 sequence of digital values.

21. The protocol of claim 17 wherein transmitting the bit stream of data includes on-off key modulating an RF carrier with the transmission encoded bit stream of data.

22. The protocol of claim 17 wherein transmission encoding includes Manchester transmission encoding the fields of data.

23. In an automatic/remote instrument monitoring system of the type having a pluarlity of RF transponders configured to operate with at least one of a plurality of parameter sensing instruments remotely located from an interrogate/receiver which transmits an RF activation signal to the transponders and which receives and processes RF transponder signals from the transponders, an enable circuit associated with each transponder for causing transponders of the system to initiate transmission of their RF transponder signals at random times with respect to one another in response to the RF activation signal, the enable circuit comprising:

RF detector means for receiving the RF activation signal from the interrogate/ receiver, detecting the activation signal, and producing a detector signal representative thereof;

timing means for timing integration periods, wherein the integration periods of the transponders of the system are randomly skewed with respect to each other;

integrator means operatively coupled to the timing means and the RF detector means for integrating the detector signal over the integration periods and producing an integrator output signal representative of an integral of the detector signal; and

comparator means for comparing the integrator output signal to a threshold value and for producing a transponder enable signal causing the transponder to initiate transmission of its RF transponder signal at random times with respect to other transponders of the system, if the integrator output signal attains the threshold value during an integration period.

24. The circuit of claim 23 wherein the interrogate/receiver transmits an RF activation signal having predetermined frequency characteristics.

25. The circuit of claim 24 wherein the interrogate/receiver transmits an RF activation signal in the form of a tone modulated onto an RF carrier.

26. The circuit of claim 24 wherein:

the RF activation signal is amplitude modulated onto the RF carrier; and

the RF detector means comprises amplitude modulation detector means.

27. The circuit of claim 24 wherein:

the interrogate/receiver transmits an RF activation signal in the form of a tone modulated onto an RF carrier; and

the RF detector means produces a detector signal representative of the detected tone.

28. The circuit of claim 23 wherein:

the timing means causes the integration periods to be approximately one second in length.

29. The circuit of claim 23 wherein the comparator means compares the integrator output signal to a threshold value representative of an RF activation signal having a duration of approximately 75% over the integration period.

30. The circuit of claim 23 wherein the comparator means produces the transponder enable signal at an end of the integration periods if the integrator output signal attains the threshold value during the integration periods.

31. The circuit of claim 23 and further including switch means intermediate the integrator means and the comparator means and responsive to the timing means for switchably interconnecting the integrator means to the comparator means at an end of the integration periods, thereby causing the comparator means to produce the transponder enable signal at the end of the integration period if the integrator output signal has attained the threshold value.

32. The circuit of claim 23 and further including flip-flop means having a clock input responsive to the timing means, a data input coupled to the comparator means, and a data output, the flip-flop means clocking the transponder enable signal to the data output at the end of the integration periods if the integrator output signal has attained the threshold value during the integration periods.