Scanning obstacle detection apparatus

• US 4,849,731 A
• Filed: 07/14/1988
• Issued: 07/18/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 07/14/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Inventors: Melocik, Grant C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Crosland, Donnie L.
• Application Number:
  US07/218,786
• Time in Patent Office: 369 Days
• Field of Search: 340/61, 340/904, 340/401, 340/903, 340/522, 342/5, 342/29, 342/42, 342/70, 350/6.1, 180/167-169
• US Class Current: 340/435
• CPC Class Codes: B60Q 9/008 for anti-collision purposes
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/931 of land vehicles

Abstract

An apparatus for detecting obstacles in the path of a work vehicle, in which a transducer produces radiant energy, receives radiant energy reflected from an obstacle and produces an obstacle detected signal in response to receiving the reflected radiant energy. A rotatable reflector projects the radiant energy produced by the transducer radially outwardly from the work vehicle and directs the reflected radiant energy back to the transducer. An encoder produces an enable signal in response to predetermined positions of the rotatable reflector and is located along the same axis of rotation as the optical reflector. Zone control logic receives the obstacle detected signal and the enable signal and produces a vehicle control signal if both signals are present.

Claims

1. Apparatus for detecting obstacles in the path of a work vehicle upon which said apparatus is mounted comprising:

transducer means for producing radiant energy having a central axis of propagation, receiving reflected produced radiant energy, and controllably producing an obstacle detected signal in response to receiving said reflected produced radiant energy;

rotatable reflector means for controllably projecting said produced radiant energy radially outwardly from said work vehicle and receiving said reflected produced radiant energy along substantially the same path, said rotatable reflector means including a central axis of rotation and an optical reflector member rotatably disposed along said axis of rotation;

encoder means for controllably producing an enable signal in response to said optical reflector member being rotatably positioned at any one of a plurality of predetermined rotational positions about said axis of rotation; and

zone control logic means for receiving said obstacle detected signal and said enable signal and producing a vehicle control signal only in response to the simultaneous presence of said enable signal and said obstacle detected signal.

2. Apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, including motive means for controllably rotating said optical reflector member about said central axis of rotation.

3. Apparatus, as set forth in claim 2, wherein said optical reflector member is a mirror connected to said motive means at a predetermined angle from said axis of rotation, said transducer means being in optical communication with said mirror.

4. Apparatus, as set forth in claim 3, wherein said central axis of propagation of said produced radiant energy proceeds from said mirror along a first plane substantially perpendicular to said rotatable reflector means axis of rotation.

5. Apparatus, as set forth in claim 4, including first and second stationary reflector means for receiving said produced radiant energy and responsively redirecting said produced radiant energy along respective paths, said first and second stationary reflector means being spaced apart from one another and from said rotatable reflector means.

6. An apparatus as set forth in claim 5 wherein said work vehicle has first and second sides, said rotatable reflector means is positioned at a location generally equidistant between said vehicle sides, and said first and second stationary reflector means are positioned on opposed sides of said rotatable reflector means adjacent respective vehicle sides and each oriented to direct said redirected radiant energy forward of said vehicle and generally parallel to each said adjacent vehicle side.

7. Apparatus, as set forth in claim 3, wherein said central axis of propagation of said produced radiant energy proceeds from said mirror downwardly along a partial conical path angularly diverging from said rotatable reflector means axis of rotation.

8. Apparatus, as set forth in claim 2, wherein said encoder means includes a rotatable optically coded member having optically transmissive and opaque portions arranged in a predetermined alternating pattern, and a stationary optical sensor having a light source and a light receiver separated by said rotatable optically coded member, said optically coded member being connected to said motive means in a predetermined relationship to said rotatable reflector means.

9. Apparatus, as set forth in claim 8, wherein said enable signal is produced in response to said optically transmissive portions of said optically coded member being positioned between said light source and light receiver.

10. Apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said zone control logic means includes an AND type logic gate having a first input terminal connected to said transducer means and a second input terminal connected to said encoder means.

11. A work vehicle, comprising:

a vehicle frame having first and second spaced apart sides;

a radiant energy transducer having a transmitting portion adapted to produce radiant energy having a central axis of propagation, and a receiving portion adapted to receive reflected produced radiant energy and responsively produce an obstacle detected signal, said transducer being mounted on said vehicle frame;

a reflector having a central axis of rotation and being rotatably connected to said vehicle frame at a position sufficient to intercept said radiant energy produced by said transducer transmitting portion;

an encoder having a rotatable optically coded member disposed between a light source and a light receiver, said encoder being connected to said vehicle frame and being adapted to produce an enable signal in response to predetermined positions of said rotatable member;

a motor having a rotary shaft connected to said reflector and said optically coded member, said motor being connected to said vehicle frame; and

zone control logic means for receiving said obstacle detected signal and said enable signal and producing a vehicle control signal only in response to the simultaneous presence of said enable signal and said obstacle detected signal.

12. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 11, wherein said motor is adapted to controllably rotate said rotatable reflector about said central axis of rotation.

13. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 12, wherein said rotatable reflector is mounted at a predetermined angle from said axis of rotation, said reflector being in optical communication with said transducer.

14. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 13, wherein said central axis of propagation of said produced radiant energy lies along a first plane substantially perpendicular to said rotatable reflector axis of rotation.

15. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 14, including first and second stationary reflectors spaced apart from said rotatable reflector and being located along respective ones of said first and second spaced apart sides of said vehicle frame, said first and second stationary reflectors being adapted to receive said produced radiant energy and responsively redirect said produced radiant energy along respective paths.

16. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 13, wherein said central axis of propagation of said produced radiant energy extends downwardly along a partial conical path angularly diverging from said rotatable reflector axis of rotation.

17. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 11, wherein said optically coded member has optically transmissive and opaque portions arranged in a predetermined alternating pattern and is connected to said rotary shaft in a predetermined relationship to said rotatable reflector means.

18. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 17, wherein said enable signal is produced in response to said optically transmissive portions of said optically coded member being positioned between said light source and light receive.

19. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 11, wherein said zone control logic means includes an AND type logic gate having a first input terminal connected to said transducer and a second input terminal connected to said encoder.

20. A work vehicle, comprising:

a vehicle frame having first and second spaced apart sides;

a radiant energy transducer having a transmitting portion adapted to produce radiant energy having a central axis of propagation, and a receiving portion adapted to receive reflected produced radiant energy and responsively produce an obstacle detected signal, said transducer being mounted on said vehicle frame;

a reflector having a central axis of rotation and being rotatably connected to said vehicle frame at a position sufficient to intercept said radiant energy produced by said transducer transmitting portion, said rotatable reflector being mounted at a predetermined angle from said axis of rotation;

a motor having a rotary shaft connected to said reflector, said motor being connected to said vehicle frame and being adapted to controllably rotate said rotatable reflector about said central axis of rotation;

an encoder having a rotatable optically coded member disposed between a light source and a light receiver, said optically coded member having optically transmissive and opaque portions arranged in a predetermined alternating pattern and being connected to said rotary shaft in a predetermined relationship to said rotatable reflector means, said encoder being connected to said vehicle frame and being adapted to produce an enable signal in response to said optically transmissive portions of said optically coded member being positioned intermediate said light source and light receiver; and

zone control logic means for receiving said obstacle detected signal and said enable signal and producing a vehicle control signal only in response to the simultaneous presence of said enable signal and said obstacle detected signal.

21. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 20, wherein said central axis of propagation of said produced radiant energy lies along a first plane substantially perpendicular to said rotatable reflector axis of rotation.

22. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 21, including first and second stationary reflectors spaced apart from said rotatable reflector and being located along respective ones of said first and second spaced apart sides of said vehicle frame, said first and second stationary reflectors being adapted to receive said produced radiant energy and responsively redirect said produced radiant energy along respective paths.

23. A work vehicle, as set forth in claim 20, wherein said central axis of propagation of said produced radiant energy extends downwardly along a partial conical path angularly diverging from said rotatable reflector axis of rotation.