Primary-secondary hybrid battery
First Claim
1. A hybrid battery which provides backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load, comprising:
- a. a rechargeable first battery,b. a second battery,b. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable first battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising at least one solid state switch which connects the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connects the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnects the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnects the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said switch isolating the energy sources from one another; and
d. means for compensating for the forward-voltage drop of the at least one solid state switch.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A hybrid battery which provides back-up energy for a main power source to a load. The hybrid battery comprises a rechargeable nickel cadmium battery, a primary lithium battery and a power transistion circuit for controlling the supply selection to the load based on the highest voltage available. The hybrid battery further comprises a charge controller circuit for recharging the nickel cadmium battery from the main power source. Both the power transition circuit and the charge controller circuit isolate each of the energy sources from one another preventing draining whenever one or more of the power sources are off.
55 Citations
22 Claims
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1. A hybrid battery which provides backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load, comprising:
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a. a rechargeable first battery, b. a second battery, b. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable first battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising at least one solid state switch which connects the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connects the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnects the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnects the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said switch isolating the energy sources from one another; and d. means for compensating for the forward-voltage drop of the at least one solid state switch. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3)
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4. A hybrid battery which provides a backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load, comprising:
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a. a rechargeable first battery; b. a second battery; c. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable first battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising a first diode tied between the at least one main power source and the connected load, a second diode tied between the rechargeable first battery and the connected load, and a third diode tied between the second battery and the connected load such that the diodes connect the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connect the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnect the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnect the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said diodes isolating the energy sources from one another; and d. means for compensating for the forward-voltage drop of at least one diode of the at least one solid state switch. - View Dependent Claims (5, 6)
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7. A hybrid battery which provides backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load which comprises a first main power source and a second main power source of lesser voltage comprising:
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a. a rechargeable first battery; b. a second battery; c. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable first battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising at least one solid state switch which connects the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connects the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnects the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnects the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said switch isolating the energy sources from one another; and d. means for clamping the first main power source above the second main power source of lesser voltage and for compensating for the forward-voltage drop of the at least one solid state switch.
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8. A hybrid battery which provides backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load which comprises a first main power source and a second main power source of lesser voltage comprising:
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a. a rechargeable first battery; b. a second battery; c. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable first battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising at least one solid state switch which connects the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connects the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnects the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnects the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said switch isolating the energy sources from one another; d. means for automatically charging the rechargeable first battery from the at least one main power source during the time the load is connected to the at least one main power source and isolating the at least one main power source from draining the rechargeable first battery upon the loss of the at least one main power source; and e. means for clamping the first main power source above the second main power source of lesser voltage and for compensating for the forward-voltage drop of the at least one solid state switch.
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9. A hybrid battery which provides backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load which comprises a first main power source and a second main power source of less voltage comprising:
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a. a rechargeable first battery; b. a second battery; c. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable first battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising a first diode tied between the at least one main power source and the connected load, a second diode tied between the rechargeable first battery and the connected load, and a third diode tied between the second battery and the connected load such that the diodes connect the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connect the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnect the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnect the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said diodes isolating the energy sources from one another; and d. means for clamping the first main power source above the second main power source of lesser voltage and for compensating for the forward-voltage drop of the first diode.
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10. A hybrid battery which provides backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load which comprises a first main power source and a second main power source of lesser voltage comprising:
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a. a rechargeable first battery; b. a second battery; c. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable first battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising a first diode tied between the at least one main power source and the connected load, a second diode tied between the rechargeable first battery and the connected load, and a third diode tied between the second battery and the connected load such that the diodes connect the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connect the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnect the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnect the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said diodes isolating the energy sources from one another; d. means for automatically charging the rechargeable first battery from the at least one main power source during the time the load is connected to the at least one main power source and isolating the at least one main power source from draining the rechargeable first battery upon the loss of the at least one main power source; and e. means for clamping the first main power source above the second main power source of lesser voltage and for compensating for the forward-voltage drop of the first diode.
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11. A hybrid battery which provides backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load which comprises a first main power source and a second main power source of lesser voltage comprising:
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a. a rechargeable first battery; b. a second battery; c. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable first battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising a first diode tied between the at least one main power source and the connected load, a second diode tied between the rechargeable first battery and the connected load, and a third diode tied between the second battery and the connected load such that the diodes connect the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connect the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnect the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnect the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said diodes isolating the energy sources from one another; d. at least one first clamping diode tied between the first main power source and the first diode; and e. at least one second clamping diode tied between the second main power source of lesser voltage and the first diode and which compensates for the forward-voltage drop of the first diode, said first main power source clamped a number of diode voltage drops above said second main power source equal to the number of clamping diodes.
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12. A hybrid battery which provides backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load which comprises a first main power source and a second main power source of lesser voltage comprising:
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a. a rechargeable first battery; b. a second battery; c. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable first battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising a first diode tied between the at least one main power source and the connected load, a second diode tied between the rechargeable first battery and the connected load, and a third diode tied between the second battery and the connected load such that the diodes connect the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connect the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnect the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnect the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said diodes isolating the energy sources from one another; d. means for automatically charging the rechargeable first battery from the at least one main power source during the time the load is connected to the at least one main power source and isolating the at least one main power source from draining the rechargeable first battery upon the loss of the at least one main power source; and e. at least one first clamping diode tied between the first main power source and the first diode; and f. at least one second clamping diode tied between the second main power source of lesser voltage and the first diode and which compensates for the forward-voltage drop of the first diode, said first main power source clamped a number of diode voltage drops above said second main power source equal to the number of clamping diodes.
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13. A hybrid battery which provides backup energy for at least one main power source connected to a load, comprising:
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a. a rechargeable first battery; b. a second battery; c. means for selectively connecting the at least one main power source, the rechargeable battery, and the second battery to the connected load based on which energy source has the highest voltage available, said means for selectively connecting comprising a first diode tied between the at least one main power source and the connected load, a second diode tied between the rechargeable first battery and the connected load, and a third diode between the second battery and the connected load such that the diodes connect the rechargeable first battery to the connected load upon the loss of the at least one main power source, gradually connect the second battery to the connected load through load sharing with the rechargeable first battery upon the discharge of the rechargeable first battery below a predetermined voltage level, disconnect the rechargeable first battery upon the return of the at least one main power source, and disconnect the second battery upon the charging of the rechargeable first battery above the predetermined voltage level, said diodes isolating the energy sources from one another; and d. means for providing a regulated current to the rechargeable first battery with an extremely low voltage differential between the at least one main power source and the rechargeable first battery, said means automatically charging the rechargeable first battery from the at least one main power source during the time the load is connected to the at least one main power source and isolating the at least one main power source from draining the rechargeable first battery upon the loss of the at least one main power source. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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Specification