Multiple sensor position locating system

• US 4,852,056 A
• Filed: 06/20/1986
• Issued: 07/25/1989
• Est. Priority Date: 06/20/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Board of Regents of the University of Michigan (University of Michigan)
• Original Assignee: University of Michigan
• Inventors: Clinthorne, Neal H., Rogers, W. Leslie
• Primary Examiner(s): Lall, Parshotam S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ramirez, Ellis B.
• Application Number:
  US06/876,762
• Time in Patent Office: 1,131 Days
• Field of Search: 364/581, 364/527, 364/571, 364/516, 364/414, 364/518, 250/363 R, 250/363 S, 250/369, 250/366, 250/363 SE
• US Class Current: 702/150
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1644 using an array of optically separate scintillation elements permitting direct location of scintillations G01T1/1645 takes precedence

Abstract

A system for locating the position of a source of a detachable emittance is particularly adapted for locating the position of a scintillation event in a scintillation crystal which has arranged adjacent thereto a plurality of photomultiplier tubes arranged in a predetermined configuration for detecting the scintillation event. In a single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) embodiment, a system which utilizes the present invention is initialized by storing weighting factors which are derived from placing a source of radiation in a plurality of known locations. The output values of the photomultiplier tubes are stored in a calibration file and subjected to a mathematical process to produce the weighting factors which are subsequently stored in a memory. During operation of the system, the signal values from the photomultiplier tubes are combined with the weighting factors to produce weighted signals which are then summed together to produce a composite weighted signal. The addresses of the weighting factors are correlated to position information; the correct position information being determined in response to the composite weighted signal assuming a predetermined value.

Claims

1. A system for locating a position of a source of a detectable emittance, the system comprising:

a plurality of sensors arranged in a predetermined configuration with respect to one another, each for detecting the detectable emittance and producing at an associated output thereof a respective sensor signal having a sensor signal value which is substantially responsive to the detectable emittance impinging on said associated sensor;

memory means for storing a plurality of weighting values, each associated with a respective one of said sensors, said weighting values being responsive to a sensor response characteristic of said associated one of said sensors and corresponding to a predetermined distance value;

arithmetic combiner means having a first input for receiving at least one of said sensor signals, and a second input for receiving a weighting value from said memory means, for producing at an output thereof a composite weighted signal having a composite weighted signal value responsive to said sensor signal value and said weighting value, said weighted signal values being established in accordance with the relationship;

##EQU5## and position encoder means for producing a position value responsive to said composite weighted signal value.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein there is further provided range selector means responsive to said sensor signals for identifying one of said sensors as having associated therewith a highest sensor signal value.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein said range selector comprises:

a plurality of comparator means, each associated with one of said sensors and producing a respective comparator output signal having first and second states, each of said comparator means being coupled to one another whereby only a one of said comparator means associated with said sensor having highest sensor signal value produces said comparator output signal in said second state; and

memory address control means for recalling at least selected ones of said weighting values from said memory means in response to said one of said comparator means producing said comparator output signal in said second state.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein there is further provided a plurality of first sample and hold means, each associated with a respective one of said sensors, for producing at an output thereof a signal corresponding to said sensor signal value of said associated one of said sensors.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein there are further provided:

a plurality of second sample and hold means, each associated with a respective one of said sensors, for producing at an output thereof a signal corresponding to said sensor signal value of said associated one of said sensors; and

multiplex means for producing at an output thereof a signal corresponding to an output signal selectably of said first and second sample and hold means.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein said arithmetic combiner means comprises:

a plurality of converter means each for receiving at a first input thereof a converter input signal having a magnitude corresponding to a respectively associated one of said sensor signal values, receiving at a second input thereof a respectively associated one of said weighting values, and producing at an output thereof a converter output signal having associated therewith a weighted sensor signal value; and

summing means for receiving said weighted sensor signal values and producing at an output thereof said composite weighted signal having said composite weighted signal value.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein said outputs of said plurality of converter means each comprise complementary outputs corresponding to positive and negative weighted sensor signal values, respectively.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein there is further provided detector means for producing a detector output signal responsive to a predetermined composite weighted signal value.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said predetermined composite weighted signal value is zero.

10. An arrangement for locating a position of a scintillation event in a predetermined region, the arrangement comprising:

a plurality of photomultiplier elements (PME) arranged in an array configuration with respect to one another, each for detecting the scintillation event and producing a PME signal having a PME signal value which is related to a distance between said PME and the scintillation event;

weighting means for applying a respectively associated plurality of weighting values to at least selected ones of said PME signal values to produce a corresponding plurality of weighted PME signal values, said weighting values being responsive to a response characteristic of said respectively associated selected ones of said PMEs, and established in accordance with the relationship;

##EQU6## summing means for combining said weighted PME signal values to produce a composite PME signal; and

correlator means for correlating said plurality of weighting values to distance values whereby a distance value of the scintillation event is selected when said composite PME signal assumes a predetermined value.

11. The arrangement of claim 10 wherein said weighting means comprises:

weight memory means for storing said plurality of weighting values; and

multiplier means for producing said weighted PME signal values in response to said PME signal values and said weighting values.

12. The arrangement of claim 11 wherein said correlator means comprises a position ROM having an input for receiving address data corresponding to said weighting values in said weight memory and an output for producing a corresponding positional value.

13. The arrangement of claim 10 further comprising weighting range selector means for identifying a positional range in which the scintillation event occurred.

14. The arrangement of claim 13 wherein said weighting range selector means comprises PME identifier means for identifying a one of said PMEs which has a highest PME signal value associated therewith.

15. The arrangement of claim 10 wherein there is further provided sample and hold means for holding a PME signal value.

16. The arrangement of claim 15 wherein there is further provided multiplexer means for selecting between first and second ones of said sample and hold means.

17. A method of determining a position of a source of a detectable emittance, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving a plurality of sensor signals, each having a sensor signal value responsive to the detectable emittance, from a respective plurality of sensors arranged in a predetermined configuration with respect to one another;

combining said sensor signal values with respectively associated weighting factors responsive to sensor response characteristics of said respective plurality of said sensors and to corresponding predetermined distance values, to produce a plurality of weighted sensor signal values, said weighting factors being produced in accordance with the relationship;

##EQU7## further combining said weighted sensor signal values to form a composite weighted sensor signal having an associated composite weighted sensor signal value; and

correlating said weighting factors with respectively associated position information.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein there is provided the further step of predefining a range in which the source of detectable emittance is located by identifying a one of said sensors having the largest of said plurality of sensor signal values associated therewith.