Biosensor and method for making the same
First Claim
1. A biosensor for electrochemically detecting concentration variations of a substrate in a liquid sample, comprising:
- an insulating base;
an electrode system provided on said insulating base, said electrode system being primarily made of carbon and comprising, at least, a measuring electrode and a counter electrode; and
a perforated body covering said electrode system, said perforated body comprising an oxidoreductase enzyme and an electron acceptor carried therein, said perforated body being an integral part of said electrode system and said base, said electron acceptor being a member selected from the group consisting of potassium ferricyanide, p-benzoquinone, 2,6-dichlorophenol, indophenol, methylene blue, phenazine methosulfate and potassium beta-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate;
whereby, when said biosensor is placed in contact with a liquid sample containing a substrate and said substrate chemically reacts with said oxidoreductase enzyme and said electron acceptor to produce a transfer of electrons, said biosensor detects the electron transfer which is proportional to the resulting variation in the concentration of said substrate in said liquid sample.
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Abstract
This invention relates to a biosensor which comprises an insulative base, an electrode system formed on the substrate and primarily made of carbon, and a perforated body having an enzyme and an electron acceptor and integrally combined with the electrode system whereby a concentration of a specific component in a biological liquid sample can be electrochemically measured rapidly and accurately by a simple procedure of mere addition of the liquid sample. Several simple biosensors for measuring a specific component in a liquid sample are known including a sensor of the type in which a change of a dye formed by an enzyme reaction is optically detected and a sensor of the type using an enzyme electrode. These sensors, respectively, involve an interference with colored matters in liquid sample and necessity of washing of an electrode system every measuring procedure. In addition, the sensors are complicated in structure and materials therefor are expensive. In the present invention, the electrode system is formed mainly of carbon and is integrally combined with the perforated body, so that washing of the electrode system is unnecessary. Thus, an inexpensive, simply-operated biosensor of the disposable type can be provided.
953 Citations
19 Claims
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1. A biosensor for electrochemically detecting concentration variations of a substrate in a liquid sample, comprising:
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an insulating base; an electrode system provided on said insulating base, said electrode system being primarily made of carbon and comprising, at least, a measuring electrode and a counter electrode; and
a perforated body covering said electrode system, said perforated body comprising an oxidoreductase enzyme and an electron acceptor carried therein, said perforated body being an integral part of said electrode system and said base, said electron acceptor being a member selected from the group consisting of potassium ferricyanide, p-benzoquinone, 2,6-dichlorophenol, indophenol, methylene blue, phenazine methosulfate and potassium beta-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate;
whereby, when said biosensor is placed in contact with a liquid sample containing a substrate and said substrate chemically reacts with said oxidoreductase enzyme and said electron acceptor to produce a transfer of electrons, said biosensor detects the electron transfer which is proportional to the resulting variation in the concentration of said substrate in said liquid sample. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A biosensor for electrochemically detecting concentration variations of a substrate in a liquid sample, comprising:
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an insulating base; an electrode system provided on said insulating base, said electrode system being primarily made of carbon and comprising, at least, a measuring electrode and a counter electrode; a perforated body covering said electrode system, said perforated body comprising an oxidoreductase enzyme and an electron acceptor carried therein, said perforated body being an integral part of said electrode system and said base, said electron acceptor being a member selected from the group consisting of potassium ferricyanide, p-benzoquinone, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, methylene blue, phenazine methosulfate and potassium beta-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate; a sample addition layer positioned over said perforated body; and a liquid sample retaining layer positioned between said perforated body and said electrode system, said sample addition layer, said perforated body and said liquid sample retaining layer being an integral part of said electrode system and said base, whereby when said biosensor is placed in contact with a liquid sample containing a substrate and said substrate chemically reacts with said oxidoreductase enzyme and said electron acceptor to produce a transfer of electrons, said biosensor detects the electron transfer which is proportional to the resulting variation in the concentration of said substrate in said liquid sample. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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Specification