Polarizable electrode

• US 4,966,675 A
• Filed: 03/15/1989
• Issued: 10/30/1990
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Karl-Heinz Steininger
• Original Assignee: Karl-Heinz Steininger
• Inventors: Steininger, Karl-Heinz
• Primary Examiner(s): Niebling, John F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GORGOS, KATHRYN L
• Application Number:
  US07/324,369
• Time in Patent Office: 594 Days
• Field of Search: 204/290 R, 204/291, 204/294, 429/42, 429/44
• US Class Current: 204/290.07
• CPC Class Codes: C23F 13/02 cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 11/02 characterised by shape or form
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 11/04 characterised by the material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/00 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/66 Selection of materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/661 Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings H01M4/669 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/663 containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/668 Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/669 Steels
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/96 Carbon-based electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

The polarizable electrode in an electrolyte comprises an electrically conductive conductor, advantageously metal or carbon, which is surrounded by an inner layer made of an electrically conductive plastic, which has a high stability to action by the electrolyte and does not lose its closed structure on insertion of the electrode so that protection of the electrically highly conductive conductor against electrochemical or chemical action is guaranteed. The inner layer is enclosed by an outer layer made of electrically conductive plastic, which loses its closed structure by the electrochemical processes occurring and which expands to a large volume so that the active working surface of the electrode is increased by the desired porosity.

Claims

1. In a polarizable electrode in an electrolyte comprising a highly conductive electrical conductor, which is covered by an electrically conductive plastic sheath cover, the improvement wherein said sheath cover comprises at least two different layers including an inner predominantly nonpolar electrically conductive polymer layer directly adjacent said electrical conductor and an outer predominantly polar electrically conductive polyer, layer, said inner layer being composed of an electrically conductive plastic having a high stability to said electrolyte, said outer layer being in contact with said electrolyte and being composed of a different electrically conductive plastic fashioned to undergo a structural change by action of said electrolyte in the form of an increase in porosity, volume and surface area, and said inner and outer layers each to a thickness of from 0.2 to 5 mm circumferentially completely surrounding said conductor.

2. The improvement defined in claim 1 wherein said electrically conductive plastic forming said inner layer is at least partially constituted of polyethylene, polypropylene or a mixture thereof.

3. The improvement defined in claim 2 wherein said outer layer is at least partially comprised of ethylene vinyl acetate, hard or soft polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene terpolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, polyurethane, nitrile rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, halogen elastomer or a mixture thereof.

4. The improvement defined in claim 3 wherein carbon black, graphite powder, carbon fiber, graphite fiber, or a mixture thereof are mixed with a polymer forming at least one of said layers to impart electrical conductivity thereto.

5. The improvement according to claim 4 wherein said electrically conductive plastic contains between 5 and 70 Vol. % of said carbon black, graphite powder, carbon fiber, graphite fiber or said mixture thereof.

6. The improvement defined in claim 5 wherein said electrically conductive plastic material comprises about 20 Vol. % of said carbon black, graphite powder carbon fiber, graphite fiber or mixture thereof.

7. The improvement defined in claim 1 wherein said electrically conductive plastic forming said layers at least partially comprises intrinsically conducting polymers to impart electrically conductivity thereto.

8. The improvement defined in claim 1 wherein said highly conductive conductor has a circular cross section.

9. The improvement defined in claim 1 wherein said highly conductive conductor comprises a flat body in a form of a metal mesh screen.

10. The improvement defined in claim 1 wherein said layers made from said electrically conductive plastic are applied to said electrically highly conductive conductor by extrusion injection molding or hot pressing.

11. The improvement defined in claim 1 wherein said inner layer is a nonporous layer.

12. The improvement defined in claim 1 wherein said outer layer is a porous layer.

13. A polarizable electrode in an electrolyte comprising:

a highly conductive conductor comprising a metal or carbon fibers; and

an inner predominantly nonpolar layer immediately adjacent said conductor and an outer predominantly polar layer adjacent said electrolyte each of which to a thickness of from 0.2 to 5 mm completely circumferentially encloses said highly conductive conductor, said inner layer at least partially comprising polyethylene, polypropylene or a mixture of said polyethylene and said polypropylene and said outer layer at least partially comprising ethylene vinyl acetate, hard or soft polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, polyurethane, nitrile rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, halogen elastomer or a mixture thereof, both said inner and said outer layer also containing between 5 and 70 Vol. % of carbon black, graphite powder, carbon fiber, graphite fiber or a mixture thereof.