Digital radio transmission system for a cellular network, using the spread spectrum method

• US 4,984,247 A
• Filed: 09/29/1989
• Issued: 01/08/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/1988
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Ascom Zelcom AG (Ascom Holding AG)
• Original Assignee: Ascom Zelcom AG (Ascom Holding AG)
• Inventors: Welti, Arnold, Grob, Urs, Kueng, Roland, Kaufmann, Hans
• Primary Examiner(s): CANGIALOSI, SALVATORE A
• Application Number:
  US07/414,253
• Time in Patent Office: 466 Days
• Field of Search: 375/1
• US Class Current: 375/141
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2628 using code-division multiple access [CDMA] or spread spectrum multiple access [SSMA] H04B7/2618 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/0029 Gold
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/10 Code generation

Abstract

A base station (BS) and mobile user stations (MS) each with a transmitter (S), a receiver (E) for multipath reception and a control unit (ST) are provided in each cell. Exactly one set of several sequence sets of the auxiliary function used for spectrum spreading is allocated to each cell. Sequences of several sets in pairs have the property that the absolute values of the normalized periodic cross-correlation functions are much smaller than one and for sequences within a set the cross-correlation function in pairs is optimally small around the zero point. Data synchronous generation of the transmission signals takes place in the base station (BS) for all simultaneous connections and the data clock of the received signal is used as data clock of the transmission signal of the user station (MS).

Application for digital data transmission in buildings and local areas for the configuration of a so called cordless LAN are considered.

Claims

1. Digital radio transmission system for a network of cells using a phase-coded spread spectrum technique, in which spectrum spreading of a transmitted information carrying signal takes place by multiplication of the information carrying signal with an auxiliary function and despreading of a received information carrying signal takes place by using this auxiliary function, comprising several user stations within a cell, each having a transmitter, a receiver for multipath reception and a control unit and further comprising a base station with a plurality of transmitter-receivers and a base control unit, characterized in that

(a) exactly one set of several sets of spreading sequences used as the auxiliary function is allocated to each cell and an inverse of the one spreading sequence set is used as the despreading sequence;

(b) paired sequences of different sets have absolute values for normalized periodic cross-correlation functions which are less than one for all values;

(c) in sequences with a set, values for paired cross-correlation functions are minimized around a zero point of the paired cross-correlation functions;

(d) data synchronous generation of the transmitted information carrying signals take place in the base stations for all simultaneous connections; and

(e) a data clock of a received information carrying signal is sued as a data clock of a transmitted information carrying signal within a given user station.

2. Radio transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that the base station has a service channel which is provided for establishment of connections and is operated with a sequence selected from the set of spreading sequences, the sequence selected having an auto-correlation function which facilitates synchronization.

3. Radio transmission system according to claim 2, characterized in that the spreading sequences used are from the family of gold codes, and are grouped into 20 sets of 17 sequences each.

4. Radio transmission system according to claim 3, characterized in that generation of gold codes in code generators takes place by means of two linear feedback shift registers with programmable feedback taps, individual spreading sequences differing only in programmable initial values of the two shift registers in the case of fixed feedback taps.

5. Radio transmission system according to claim 4, characterized i that each code generator has a synchronization input by means of which the generation of the gold code can be controlled with respect to time.

6. Radio transmission system according to claim 5, characterized in that the receivers of the base station and of the user station are designed as multichannel correlation receivers and have an HF reception part, a N-channel despreader a N-channel reference code generator, a N-channel envelope or square law detector, a synchronization circuit, a L-channel demodulator and a combiner, with N corresponding to the number of reception channels and L corresponding to the number of demodulation channels.

7. Radio transmission system according to claim 6, characterized in that conversion of the received signal to an intermediate frequency signal takes place in the HF reception part.

8. Radio transmission system according to claim 7, characterized in that the despreader has a correlator which includes a mixer for each of said N channels for multiplying the intermediate frequency signal with a reference signal, and a band pass filter with a selectable bandwidth a reception code produced by the reference code generator being used for despreading the received signal.

9. Radio transmission system according to claim 8, characterized in that N versions of the same sequence code, which versions are shifted from one another in time, are produced in the reference code generator and in that these N versions are transmitted to the mixers of the despreaders.

10. Radio transmission system according to claim 9, characterized in that delay times of the N versions can be programmed individually for the N channels.

11. Radio transmission system according to claim 10, characterized in that output signals of the despreaders are transmitted to the demodulators and to the envelope or square law detectors with which signal intensity at outputs of the correlators is measured independently of received data, and control signals for the synchronization circuit are obtained from these measurements.

12. Radio transmission system according to claim 11, characterized in that integration of N envelope detector signals over an adjustable time takes place in the synchronization circuit and in that the N envelope detector signals which have thus been integrated undergo analog - digital conversion and are transmitted to a digital processor which controls the integration and calculates control signals for controlling the reference code generator.

13. Radio transmission system according to claim 12, characterized in that DPSK (=Differential Phase Shift Keying) is chosen as primary modulation and the demodulator is operated using DPSK and in that for obtaining data recovery which is insensitive to frequency offset and Doppler shift, correlator signals in each of the L channels are transmitted to attenuators and subsequently to a stage for differential demodulation.

14. Radio transmission system according to claim 13, characterized in that the stage for differential demodulation further includes a CCD delay line which delays an input signal to the differential demodulation stage by one bit duration Tb, a 90°

phase shifter which generates a 90°

phase shifted version of the input signal and two mixers which multiply the input signal and the phase sifted input signal, respectively, with the delayed input signal from the CCD delay line to provide output signals in two channels for transmission to an integration stage which integrates the the two channel output signals over one bit duration Tb.

15. Radio transmission system according to claim 14, characterized in that the integrated output signals of the two channels of all the L channels are summed an entered in a rectangular coordinate system, and a data value of each transmitted information bit is determined by a decision logic.

16. Radio transmission system according to claim 15, characterized in that an I/Q plane for the two channel output signals representing a signal pair is sub-divided into eight sectors and in that comparators are provided at an input of the decision logic, which comparators determine to which of the said sectors the incoming signal pair belongs.

17. Radio transmission system according to claim 16, characterized in that in the synchronization circuit, coarse synchronization takes place by measurement of an impulse response in the receiver.

18. Radio transmission system according to claim 17, characterized in that the reference code generator slides over the code generator of the transmitter and energy falling into a reception window of the receiver is calculated and an energy maximum is detected, and in that the reception window which contains several reception paths is centered around a point of the energy maximum.

19. Radio transmission system according to claim 18, characterized in that only a portion of the N reception paths of the receiver is used for centering the reception window and in that for fine synchronization, the remaining paths are used for continuously scanning the background impulse response of the channel by means of a scanning window which is wider than the duration of the impulse response and another position of an energy maximum is sought for a new centering of the reception window for fine synchronization.

20. Radio transmission system according to claim 18, characterized in that after each coarse synchronization, a verification based on a signal/noise ratio is carried out and optionally a new coarse synchronization.

21. Radio transmission system according to claim 20, characterized in that a criterion for loss of synchronism in the receiver is determined by a measurement based on the signal/noise ratio together with an error rate of the demodulator, a signal in the reception window and noise in the scanning window being determined.

22. Radio transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that only a portion of N reception paths of the receiver is used for centering a reception window of the receiver around a point of maximum energy and in that for fine synchronization, the remaining paths are used for continuously scanning a background impulse response of the channel using a scanning window which is wider than the duration of an impulse response in the receiver and a position of an energy maximum is sought for a new centering of the reception window for fine synchronization.

23. Radio transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that a criterion for loss of synchronism in the receiver is determined by a measurement based on a signal/noise ratio and an error rate of a receiver demodulator using a signal in a given reception window and noise in a background scanning window.