Thermally responsive battery charger

• US 5,013,993 A
• Filed: 08/29/1988
• Issued: 05/07/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/04/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated Newark Delaware
• Original Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Inventors: Daniel, Daniel S., Woods, Samuel G., Bhagwat, Pradeep M.
• Primary Examiner(s): HICKEY, ROBERT
• Application Number:
  US07/237,962
• Time in Patent Office: 981 Days
• Field of Search: 320/35, 320/36, 320/31, 320/39
• US Class Current: 320/150
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007194 of the battery

Abstract

A battery charger 10 includes a capacitor 20 which establishes a level of current sufficient to fast charge in one-hour a battery 18 having from one to twenty cells. An SCR 16 is controlled by a timer 42 to initially delay the supply of current while determining whether the battery 18 is hot or cool. If battery 18 is cool, charger 10 proceeds to fast charge the battery. After battery 18 is fully charged, the battery heats to a temperature where a NTC thermistor 58 responds to trigger a second timer 52 which controls SCR 16 to stop the fast charging operation. Charger 10 is then controlled to prevent the charger from thereafter re-entering a fast charge mode.

If battery 18 is initially hot, charger 10 is controlled to further delay the initiation of a fast charge operation until the battery cools to or below the charge-start temperature.

A second NTC thermistor 90 is provided to compensate for the potential effect on the operation of thermistor 58 in response to temperature levels emanating from any environment other than from battery 18.

Claims

1. A battery charger, which comprises:

a charging circuit for supplying charge current to a battery;

a first control circuit connectable to the charging circuit and operable independently of the charging circuit and the supplying of charge current thereby for delaying the supply of current to the battery for a prescribed period prior to charging the battery;

a thermally-responsive device located adjacent the battery for providing an indication of the temperature of the battery at any time prior to and during the charging of the battery;

means responsive to the thermally-responsive device indicating at the end of the prescribed period that the battery temperature is at or below a battery-cool temperature at which the charger would normally enter a charging mode for operating the charging circuit to initiate the charging of the battery;

a second control circuit responsive to the thermally-responsive device indicating that the battery temperature is at or below a charge-stop temperature representative of the battery being fully charged for terminating operation of the charging circuit upon reaching the charge-stop temperature; and

means responsive to the battery being fully charged for preventing the charger from operating in a charging mode even though the temperature of the battery may decrease to or below the battery-cool temperature.

2. The battery charger as set forth in claim 1, which further comprises:

means responsive to the thermally-responsive device indicating during the prescribed period that the temperature of the battery is above the battery-cool temperature for delaying the supply of current to the battery until the temperature of the battery decreases at least to or below the battery-cool temperature; and

whereafter the operating means initiates the charging of the battery.

3. The battery charger as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thermally-responsive device is a first thermally-responsive device, and the battery charger further comprises:

a second thermally-responsive device connected in circuit with the first thermally-responsive device and responsive to and compensating for any temperature level emanating from any environment other than from the battery so that the supplying of current through the charging circuit is terminated essentially in response to the battery being fully charged.

4. The battery charger as set forth in claim 1, wherein the operating means includes a silicon-controlled rectifier which, upon firing, connects the charging circuit to the battery.

5. The battery charger as set forth in claim 1, wherein the preventing means includes:

the second control circuit; and

means for maintaining the second control circuit in the mode of stopping operation of the charging circuit.

6. The battery charger as set forth in claim 1, which further comprises:

means for connecting an AC power source to the charger;

a capacitor;

means for charging the capacitor from the AC power source in response to the battery being connected in the charger;

means for limiting the voltage to which the capacitor can charge to a selected level to establish a voltage source at the selected level;

means for coupling the voltage source to the first and second circuits to provide operating voltage therefor.

7. The battery charger as set forth in claim 1, which further comprises:

capacitive impedance means for limiting the level of charging current applied to the battery to a constant predetermined level sufficient to effect a fast charge of the battery

8. The battery charger as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the first and second control circuits is a CMOS RC timer.

9. The battery charger as set forth in claim 6, which further comprises:

the voltage source supplying a low level current to the battery to maintain the battery at full charge after the charging operation has been stopped.

10. A battery charger, which comprises:

means for supplying a current for fast charging a battery;

means operable independently of the current supplying means for controlling the current supplying means to supply current to the battery to charge the battery during a charging operation;

means responsive to the battery heating to a charge-stop temperature indicative of the battery being fully charged for terminating the charging operation;

means responsive to the battery being fully charged and operable independently of the controlling means for preventing the controlling means from reinitiating the supply of current from the supplying means to the battery even though the temperature of the battery may decrease to or below a battery-cool temperature at which the charger would normally enter into a charging mode; and

wherein the terminating means includes;

switching means for connecting the current supplying means to the battery;

a first thermally-responsive device responsive to the battery heating to the charge-stop temperature for developing a voltage at a prescribed level representative thereof;

means responsive to the development of the voltage by the thermally-responsive device for controlling the switching means to disconnect the current supplying means from the battery; and

a second thermally-responsive device connected to circuit with the first thermally-responsive device and responsive to and compensating for any temperature level emanating from any environment other than from the battery so that the current supplying means is disconnected essentially in response to the battery being fully charged.

12. The battery charger as set forth in claim 10, wherein the charging means includes:

capacitive impedance means for limiting the level of charging current applied to the battery to a constant predetermined level sufficient to effect a fast charge of the battery.

13. The battery charger as set forth in claim 10, wherein the preventing means includes:

the first thermally-responsive device responsive to the battery heating to the charge-stop temperature for developing a voltage at a prescribed level representative thereof;

a control circuit responsive to the development of the voltage at the prescribed level for selectively disconnecting the current supplying means from the battery; and

means for biasing the control circuit operation to maintain the disconnection of the current supplying means from the battery even though the first thermally-responsive device senses that the temperature of the battery has decreased to or below the battery-cool temperature.

11. The battery charger as set forth in claim 11, which further comprises:

means responsive to the connecting of the battery in the charger for developing a second power source to provide operational voltage for the controlling means independently of the current supplying means.

14. A battery charger, which comprises:

a charging circuit for supplying current to a battery;

a first control circuit connectable to the charging circuit for delaying the supply of current to the battery for a prescribed period prior to charging the battery;

a thermally-responsive device located adjacent the battery for providing an indication of the temperature of the battery at any time prior to and during the charging of the battery;

means responsive to the thermally-responsive device indicating at the end of the present period that the battery temperature is at or below a battery-cool temperature at which the charger would normally enter a charging mode for operating the charging circuit to initiate the charging of the battery;

a second control circuit responsive to the thermally-responsive device indicating that the battery temperature is at or below a charge-stop temperature representative of the battery being fully charged for terminating operation of the charging circuit upon reach the charge-stop temperature;

means responsive to the battery being fully charged for preventing the charger from operating in a charging mode even though the temperature of the battery may decrease to or below the battery-cool temperature; and

a second thermally-responsive device connected in circuit with the first thermally-responsive device and responsive to and compensating for any temperature level emanating from any environment other than from the battery so that the supplying of current through the charging circuit is terminated essentially in response to the battery being fully charged.

15. A battery charger, which comprises:

a charging circuit for supplying current to a battery;

a first control circuit connectable to the charging circuit for delaying the supply of current to the battery for a prescribed period prior to charging the battery;

a thermistor located adjacent the battery for providing an indication of the temperature of the battery at any time prior to and during the charging of the battery;

means responsive to the thermally-responsive device indicating at the end of the prescribed period that the battery temperature is at or below a battery-cool temperature at which the charger would normally enter a charging mode for operating the charging circuit to initiate the charging of the battery;

a second control circuit responsive to the thermally-responsive device indicating that the battery temperature is at or below a charge-stop temperature representative of the battery being fully charged for terminating operation of the charging circuit upon reach the charge-stop temperature; and

means responsive to the battery being fully charged for preventing the charger from operating in a charging mode even though the temperature of the battery may decrease to or below the battery-cool temperature.

16. A battery charger, which comprises:

a charging circuit for supplying current to a battery;

a first timer circuit connectable to the charging circuit for delaying the supply of current to the battery for a prescribed period prior to charging the battery;

a thermally-responsive device located adjacent the battery for providing an indication of the temperature of the battery at any time prior to and during the charging of the battery;

means responsive to the thermally-responsive device indicating at the end of the prescribed period that the battery temperature is at or below a battery-cool temperature at which the charger would normally enter a charging mode for operating the charging circuit to initiate the charging of the battery;

a second timer circuit responsive to the thermally-responsive device indicating that the battery temperature is at or below a charge-stop temperature representative of the battery being fully charged for terminating operation of the charging circuit upon reaching the charge-stop temperature; and

means responsive to the battery being fully charged for preventing the charger from operating in a charging mode even though the temperature of the battery may decrease to or below the battery-cool temperature.