Method and apparatus for dodecahedral imaging system

• US 5,023,725 A
• Filed: 10/23/1989
• Issued: 06/11/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 10/23/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Immersive Licensing, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Jefferson Chitouras
• Inventors: McCutchen, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Peng, John K.
• Application Number:
  US07/425,406
• Time in Patent Office: 596 Days
• Field of Search: 358/60, 358/231, 358/87, 358/50, 358/93, 358/104, 350/502, 350/124, 350/125, 352/69, 352/70, 354/103, 354/110, 354/113, 354/119, 354/94, 353/30, 353/28
• US Class Current: 348/38
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 37/04 with cameras or projectors providing touching or overlapping fields of view
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/047 Fisheye or wide-angle transformations
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/08 Projecting images onto non-planar surfaces, e.g. geodetic screens
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 27/02 Tellurions; Orreries
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/32 by projected image G09B9/307, G09B9/36 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/55 Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/74 Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/18 Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast

Abstract

A dodecahedral environmental photography and projection system based on a pentagonal format is disclosed, designed for a modular compound camera and projector system aligned according to the dodecahedron, for the photography and projection of apparently continuous images across the interior surface of a dome or spherical theater. The use of a compound system provides better resolution that a single-camera system,and the use of a pentagonal picture as a standard shape allows complete coverage of a spherical surface, and greater use of the available lens image than existing rectangular formats. By the addition of camera and projection modules, this system enables photography and projection up to a total spherical field of view, and practical application of video technology to a dome theater. A masking processor is also provided to control the shape of the projected video image, enabling projection of compound images of variable overall shape and size. An electro-optical lens is also described, sufficient to produce the effect of a lens with two or three optical centers, so that one lens can cover more than one view. With a dual-center lens, the number of camera modules required is thereby halved, or if the number of camera modules remains the same and their dual views are made to overlap, the effective resolution of the system is thereby doubled.

Claims

1. A method for photographing and projecting a field of view up to a complete sphere, including the steps of:

centering a dodecahedron inside a concentric sphere representing a spherical field of view, and evert extension of the faces of said dodecadedron onto said sphere, thereby forming twelve spherical sections divided by pentagonal borders,

photographing a composite image of a wide field of view up to a complete sphere, comprising a plurality of camera images and covering a total area of more than one section, by means of at least one camera, with each camera image being formed through a camera lens having an optical axis aligned to said dodecahedron, said camera lens also having a field of view sufficient to produce a camera image including at least one section'"'"'s pentagonal border,

cropping said camera image to said pentagonal border,

aligning an array of projectors associated respectively with said camera images, each projector having a projector lens having an optical axis aligned to said dodecahedron,

projecting said composite image by said array of projectors onto a concentric screen, thereby producing through a simultaneous display of adjacent camera images an apparently continuous composite picture of said wide field of view up to a complete sphere.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said optical axis of said camera lens is centered on and perpendicular to a face of said dodecahedron, and said camera lens has a field of view sufficient to produce an image encompassing the pentagonal border of only that section corresponding to said face.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said optical axis of said projector lens is centered on and perpendicular to a face of said dodecahedron, and said projector lens has a field of view sufficient to produce an image encompassing the pentagonal border of only that section corresponding to said face.

4. The method of claim 1, with the additional step of forming the camera and projector images through a video raster scan.

5. The method of claim 4, with the additional step of further cropping of the video raster scan at will, according to the application of blanking signals from a video matte source.

6. The method of claim 4, with the additional step of aligning an optical lens to the center of an edge of said dodecahedron, with an angle of view sufficient to encompass two sections, and further including distortion of said video raster scan through the application of drive voltages to create the effect of a lens with two optical centers, equal to the centers of said two sections.

7. The method of claim 6, with the additional step of projecting overlapping images from adjacent projection modules.

8. The method of claim 4, with the additional step of aligning an optical lens to a vertex of said dodecahedron, with an angle of view sufficient to encompass three sections, and further including distortion of said video raster scan through the application of drive voltages to create the effect of a lens with two optical centers, equal to the centers of said three sections.

9. The method of claim 8, with the additional step of projecting overlapping images from adjacent projection modules.

10. An apparatus for photographing and projecting a wide field of view up to a complete sphere, including:

a composite camera using an array of interchangable camera modules, each of said camera modules having a camera lens with an optical axis aligned to a dodecahedron, and a conical angle of view of at least 74 degrees, sufficient to encompass at least one pentagonal division corresponding to a face of said dodecahedron, as projected on a spherical field of view,

cropping means to limit the camera image of said pentagonal division from each camera module to a pentagonal shape equivalent to a contracted version of its respective face, so that each camera module'"'"'s part of the field of view is equal to at least one pentagonal division, thereby photographing individual parts of a wide field of view up to a complete sphere,

a composite projector comprising an array of interchangable projection modules associated respectively with said camera modules, each of said projection modules having a projector lens with an optical axis aligned to said dodecahedron, said array of interchangable projection modules operable to display on a concentric surface its respective camera modules'"'"' images in a size and shape equal to said pentagonal divisions, thereby producing through a simultaneous display of adjacent camera images an apparently continuous picture over said wide field of view up to a complete sphere.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the alignment of said camera lens according to a dodecahedron consists of an optical axis centered on and perpendicular to a face of said dodecahedron, and said camera lens has a field of view sufficient to produce an image encompassing the pentagonal border of only that pentagonal division corresponding to said face.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the alignment of said projector lens according to said dodecahedron consists of an optical axis centered on and perpendicular to a face of said dodecahedron, and said projector lens has a field of view sufficient to produce an image encompassing the pentagonal border of only that pentagonal division corresponding to said face.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein both camera modules and projection modules create an image using a video raster scan.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein at least one Charge Coupled Device (CCD) image sensor is used for each camera module.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the signal representing the image from at least one camera module is recorded in a recording device.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a High Definition Television (HDTV) video standard with an aspect ratio of at least 9:

16 is used.

17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each camera module includes a lens aligned to the center of an edge of a dodecahedron, with an angle of view of at least 140 degrees, sufficient to encompass two pentagonal divisions, and further including an electro-optical lens which creates distortion of the video image produced by the camera through the application of drive voltages to create the effect of a lens with two optical centers, equal to the centers of said two pentagonal divisions.

18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each camera module includes a camera lens aligned to a vertex of a dodecahedron, with an angle of view of at least 152 degrees, sufficient to encompass three pentagonal divisions, and further including an electro-optical lens which creates distortion of the video image produced by the camera lens through the application of drive voltages to create the effect of a lens with three optical centers, equal to the centers of said three pentagonal divisions.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the projector lens of each projection module has an optical axis aligned perpendicular to a vertex of a dodecahedron, and each projection module is operable to display the three side-by side pentagonal divisions adjacent to said vertex of a dodecahedron which are produced by a triple electro-optical lens.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the triple pentagonal images from adjacent camera modules are made to overlap during projection, thereby producing greatly increased resolution on the central screen, and providing multiple independently controllable layers to the projected image which may be manipulated for three-dimensional effects.

21. The apparatus of claim 13, further including a masking processor which further limits the portion of the camera image displayed by the projection module, with boundaries capable of being fluidly controlled through the application of blanking signals from a video matte source.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said masking processor enforces a boundary according to said pentagonal division between the images produced by adjacent projection modules.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said boundary according to said pentagonal division consists of a soft edge sufficient to disguise the border between adjacent images.

24. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein an audience views said simultaneous display from the interior of said concentric surface on a reflective front-projection screen.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein each projection module includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen sufficient to reproduce a color video image from said projection module'"'"'s respective camera module, a projector lamp for producing white light, a projection lens, and means to reproduce said color video image on said liquid crystal display, thereby coloring and regulating the intensity of said white light from said projection lamp, in a manner sufficient to project said color video image through said projection lens onto a front projection screen.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein each projection module includes three light beam generators representing the red, green and blue component colors of video, and associated light valves for regulating the intensity of each light beam according to a signal representing the strength of its respective component color in a video image.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein said light beam generators output laser beams.

28. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the projector lens of each projection module has an optical axis aligned perpendicular to the center of an edge of said dodecahedron, and each projection module is operable to display the two side-by side pentagonal divisions adjacent to said edge produced by a dual electro-optical lens.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the dual pentagonal images from adjacent camera modules are made to overlap during projection, thereby increasing the apparent resolution and brightness of the projected image, and providing two independently controllable layers to the projected image which may be manipulated for three-dimensional effects.

30. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said composite projector includes one projection module with a vertical optical axis.

31. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein an audience views said simultaneous display from the exterior of said concentric spherical surface through a translucent rear-projection screen.

32. An optical apparatus comprising:

a plurality of optical devices selected from the group consisting of cameras and projectors, each containing a lens mount and a lens having an an angle of view of at least 74 degrees attached to said lens mount, for creating a directed stream of light along an optical axis,

a plurality of interchangable modular support structures, each modular support structure comprising at least five sides equidistant from a central axis, with each side including at least one planar alignment surface at an average angle of approximately 58.28 degrees from a plane perpendicular to said central axis, and mounting means to enable said modular support structure to contain one of said optical devices in such a manner that said optical axis of said lens is made nearly congruent to said central axis,

attachment means for locking adjacent modular support structures together along contiguous planar alignment surfaces, so that the optical axes of any optical devices contained within said adjacent modular support structures will be aligned to meet near a central point, with each optical axis also made perpendicular to the center of one face of a pentagonal dodecahedron approximately concentric to said central point.

33. An optical apparatus comprising:

a plurality of optical devices selected from the group consisting of cameras and projectors, each containing a lens mount and a lens having an an angle of view of at least 140 degrees attached to said lens mount, for creating a directed stream of light along an optical axis,

a plurality of modular support structures, each comprising at least three sides around a main axis, and mounting means to enable said modular support structure to contain one of said optical devices in such a manner that said main axis,

attachment means for locking adjacent modular support structures together side to side, so that the optical axes of any optical devices contained within said adjacent modular support structures will be aligned to meet near a central point, with each optical axis also made perpendicular to the center of one edge of a pentagonal dodecahedron approximately concentric to said central point.

34. An optical apparatus comprising:

a plurality of optical devices selected from the group consisting of cameras and projectors, each containing a lens mount and a lens having an an angle of view of at least 152 degrees attached to said lens mount, for creating a directed stream of light along an optical axis,

a plurality of modular support structures, each comprising at least three sides around a main axis, and mounting means to enable said modular support structure to contain one of said optical devices in such a manner that said optical axis of said lens is made nearly congruent to said main axis,

attachment means for locking adjacent modular support structures together side to side, so that the optical axes of any optical devices contained within said adjacent modular support structures will be aligned to meet near a central point, with each optical axis also made perpendicular to one vertex of a pentagonal dodecahedron approximately concentric to said central point.