Self-dispensing spaced electronic markers

• US 5,045,368 A
• Filed: 11/17/1989
• Issued: 09/03/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 09/18/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: 3M Company
• Original Assignee: 3M Company
• Inventors: Worboys, David C., Minarovic, Joe T., Cosman, Armond D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Thomas, Alexander S.
• Application Number:
  US07/437,732
• Time in Patent Office: 655 Days
• Field of Search: 428/34.1, 428/77, 156/68, 405/157, 324/326
• US Class Current: 428/34.1
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 1/11 for the detection or protection of pipes in the ground
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 15/00 Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object record carriers for use with machines having a detectable tag or marker G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/562 locatable, e.g. using magnetic means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/13 Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]

Abstract

A marked conduit allowing electronic location of the conduit after burial, having a plurality of electronic markers spaced thereon at predetermined intervals. The distance between the markers encodes information about the buried conduit. The markers are preferably passive circuits tuned to a specific frequency. The markers may be oriented in a predetermined pattern to encode additional information, and may be attached to the outer or inner surface of the conduit, or imbedded in the wall of the conduit.

Claims

1. An article for supplying an underground utility which may be electronically detected from above ground, comprising:

a plurality of passive electronic markers, each having a coil of wire connected in parallel with a capacitor, forming a resonant circuit; and

a hollow conduit member having a wall, an outer surface, and an inner surface, said markers being attached to said conduit member at predetermined intervals, said predetermined intervals forming a pattern which encodes information about the underground utility.

2. The article of claim 1 wherein said electronic markers are attached to said outer surface of said conduit member.

3. The article of claim 1 wherein said electronic markers are attached to said inner surface of said conduit member.

4. The article of claim 1 wherein said electronic markers are imbedded in said wall of said conduit member.

5. The article of claim 1 wherein said markers have longitudinal axes, said axes being oriented in a predetermined pattern.

6. The article of claim 1 wherein said plurality of electronic markers includes a set of first markers having a first resonant frequency, and a set of second markers having a second resonant frequency which is different from said first resonant frequency, said first and second markers being arranged along said conduit member in a predetermined order.

7. The article of claim 1 wherein said conduit member is constructed of a nonmetallic material.

8. An article for supplying natural gas underground, which may be electronically detected from above ground, comprising:

a plurality of passive electronic markers; and

a tubular pipe formed of polyethylene, having a wall, an outer surface, and an inner surface, said markers being imbedded in said wall at predetermined intervals, said predetermined intervals forming a pattern which encodes information about the underground utility.

9. The article of claim 8 wherein said electronic markers are attached to said outer surface of said pipe.

10. The article of claim 9 wherein said passive electronic markers include a coil of wire connected in parallel with a capacitor, forming a resonant circuit.

11. The article of claim 9 wherein said markers have longitudinal axes, said axes being oriented in a predetermined pattern.

12. The article of claim 9 wherein said plurality of passive electronic markers includes a set of first markers having a first resonant frequency, and a set of second markers having a second resonant frequency which is different from said first resonant frequency, said first and second markers being arranged along said pipe in a predetermined order.

13. A method of manufacturing an article for supplying an underground utility, the article being electronically locatable from above ground, comprising the steps of:

obtaining a plurality of electronic markers;

constructing a hollow conduit, having a wall, an inner surface, and an outer surface; and

attaching said electronic markers to said inner surface of said conduit at predetermined intervals, said predetermined intervals forming a pattern which encodes information about the underground utility.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said electronic markers are attached to said outer surface of said conduit.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein said electronic markers have longitudinal axes, said axes being oriented in a predetermined pattern as they are attached to said conduit.