Perimeter coated, electro-optic mirror

• US 5,066,112 A
• Filed: 12/21/1989
• Issued: 11/19/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Donnelly Corporation (Magna International Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Donnelly Corporation (Magna International Incorporated)
• Inventors: Lynam, Niall R., Gahan, Richard J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hille, Rolf
• Assistant Examiner(s): SAADAT, MAHSHID D
• Application Number:
  US07/454,398
• Time in Patent Office: 698 Days
• Field of Search: 350/357
• US Class Current: 359/267
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/088 using a cell of electrically changeable optical characteristic, e.g. liquid-crystal or electrochromic mirrors

Abstract

An electro-optic mirror of the type having an electro-optic cell or medium with a transmittance which is variable upon the application of an electric field includes a perimeter coating applied to a front or rear surface of a substrate element for concealing any seal and/or electrical connections for the elctro-optic cell or meidum. The perimeter coating may be reflective to increase the field of view in the mirror and allow use of smaller cases or retaining bezels. Alternately, the perimeter coating may be opaque and nonreflective such as black frit, paint or lacquer. In either case, the coating may also be electrically conductive to substantially encircle an electrically conductive layer on the substrate and evenly distribute electric current to the electro-optic cell or medium for enhanced coloration response. The perimeter coating may be used with either a single, optically transparent mirror substrate including solid-state electro-optic cell or a laminate mirror assembly including spaced, optically transparent substrates with an electro-optic medium confined therebetween. Alternately, the laminate assembly includes a seal between said substrate elements which is either dark or color matched to the surrounding rim/bezel providing a border of uniform color around the assembly perimeter.

Claims

1. An electro-optic mirror assembly comprising:

at least first and second spaced, optically transparent elements, said elements each having a peripheral edge and front and rear facing surfaces and defining a space therebetween;

an electro-optic medium confined in said space the transmittance of said medium being variable upon the application of an electric field thereto;

seal means extending around the entire periphery of said assembly and extending between said first and second elements adjacent said peripheral edges for spacing said elements apart and confining said electro-optic medium in said space;

electrical means for applying an electric field to said electro-optic medium to cause variation in the light transmittance of said medium;

a reflective coating on one of said front and rear facing surfaces of said second element adapted to reflect light incident thereon through said first element and said electro-optic medium; and

a perimeter coating on at least one of a portion of said electrical means and one of said front and rear facing surfaces of said first element adjacent said peripheral edge of said first element for concealing said seal means and portions of said electrical means therebehind when said assembly is viewed from said first element toward said second element.

2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said perimeter coating is reflective and appears substantially similar to said reflective coating when viewed from said front surface of said first element.

3. The assembly of claim 2 wherein said perimeter coating is metallic and is selected from the group including silver, aluminum, chromium, stainless steel, rhodium, platinum, palladium and combinations thereof.

4. The assembly of claim 2 wherein said perimeter coating is electrically conductive, extends around substantially said entire first element adjacent said peripheral edge, and contacts at least a portion of said electrical means on said first element.

5. The assembly of claim 4 wherein said perimeter coating is opaque to light incident on said assembly from said front surface of said first element.

6. The assembly of claim 5 wherein said perimeter coating is formed from a black frit, paint or lacquer.

7. The assembly of claim 4 wherein said electrical means include a transparent, electrically conductive layer on said rear facing surface of said first element;

said reflective perimeter coating being applied to said conductive layer on said first element.

8. The assembly of claim 7 wherein said electrical means further include a transparent, electrically conductive layer on said front facing surface of said second element and a layer of electrically conducting material adjacent said peripheral edge of said second element and contacting said electrically conductive layer on said second element;

a first electrical lead connected to said reflective perimeter coating on said first element; and

a second electrical lead connected to said conducting material layer on said second element.

9. The assembly of claim 8 wherein said reflective perimeter coating and said electrically conducting material layer each extend around substantially the entire periphery of said conductive coating layers on said first and second elements and wrap around to and extend at least partially across the peripheral edges of said respective first and second elements.

10. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said perimeter coating is opaque to light incident on said assembly from said front surface of said first element.

11. The assembly of claim 10 wherein said perimeter coating is formed from a black frit, paint or lacquer.

12. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said perimeter coating is electrically conductive, extends around substantially said entire first element adjacent said peripheral edge, and contacts at least a portion of said electrical means on said first element.

13. The assembly of claim 12 wherein said electrical means include a transparent, electrically conductive layer on said rear facing surface of said first element;

said perimeter coating being applied to said conductive layer on said first element.

14. The assembly of claim 12 wherein said electrical means include a transparent, electrically conductive layer on said rear facing surface of said first element;

said perimeter coating being applied to said rear facing surface of said first element with said transparent, electrically conductive layer extending thereover.

15. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said seal means has a dark color such that it is less conspicuous when said assembly is viewed from said front facing surface of said first element at an oblique angle.

16. The assembly of claim 15 wherein said seal means is a layer of epoxy material positioned behind said perimeter coating, said epoxy material including carbon black to impart a black color to said epoxy material.

17. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said seal means include a layer of epoxy material incorporating a plurality of small glass beads mixed therein, said epoxy layer positioned behind said perimeter coating.

18. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said second element is smaller than said first element, said peripheral edge of said second element positioned behind said perimeter coating.

19. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said assembly includes notches at a pair of spaced positions along said peripheral edges of said elements, a first of said notches including one portion of said peripheral edge of said first element being removed to expose a portion of said front facing surface of said second element and a portion of said electrical means on said second element for connection of an electrical lead thereto;

the second of said notches including one portion of said peripheral edge of said second element being removed to expose a portion of said rear facing surface of said first element and a portion of said electrical means on said first element for connection of an electrical means thereto.

20. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said perimeter coating is on a front facing surface of said first element.

21. The assembly of claim 20 wherein said perimeter coating is reflective and appears substantially similar to said reflective coating when viewed from said front facing surface of said first element.

22. The assembly of claim 20 wherein said perimeter coating is opaque to light incident on said assembly from said front facing surface of said first element.

23. The assembly of claim 1 wherein a first portion of said perimeter coating is electrically conductive and contacts at least a portion of said electrical means on said first element, a second portion of said perimeter coating not being electrically conductive but is opaque to light incident on said assembly from said front surface of said first element, said first and second perimeter coating portions extending around and adjacent substantially the entire peripheral edge of said first element.

24. The assembly of claim 23 including an electrical lead connected to said first portion of said perimeter coating.

25. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said electrical means include a transparent, electrically conductive layer on said front facing surface of said second element and a layer of electrically conducting material adjacent said peripheral edge on one of said front facing surface of said second element and said transparent, electrically conductive layer, said electrically conducting material layer contacting said electrically conductive layer on said second element;

a first electrical lead connected to said reflective perimeter coating on said first element; and

a second electrical lead connected to said conducting material layer on said second element.

26. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said electrical means includes said reflective coating on said front facing surface of said second element in contact with said electro-optic medium, said reflective coating being conductive.

27. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said first element is a laminate assembly having a pair of optically transparent panels adhered to one another by an optically transparent, intermediate layer.

28. The assembly of claim 27 wherein said perimeter coating is on one of said front and rear facing surfaces of one of said panels and is in contact with said intermediate layer.

29. The assembly of claim 28 wherein said perimeter coating is on said front facing surface of the rearwardmost panel of said laminate first element assembly.

30. An electro-optic mirror comprising:

an optically transparent element having front and rear surfaces and a peripheral edge;

an electro-optic medium on the rear surface of said element, said medium having an optically variable transmittance upon the application of an electric field thereto;

electrical means for applying an electric field to said electro-optic medium to cause variation in the light transmittance of said medium;

a reflective coating on said electro-optic medium adapted to reflect light incident thereon through said element and said electro-optic medium;

a perimeter coating on at least one of said electrical means or a surface of said element and adjacent the periphery of said element for concealing perimeter portions of said assembly including portions of said electrical means therebehind when said assembly is viewed from said front surface of said element.

31. The mirror of claim 30 wherein said perimeter coating is on said front surface of said element.

32. The mirror of claim 31 wherein said perimeter coating is reflective and appears substantially similar to said reflective coating when viewed from said front surface of said first element.

33. The mirror of claim 31 wherein said perimeter coating is opaque to light incident on said assembly from said front surface of said element.

34. The mirror of claim 33 wherein said perimeter coating is formed from a black frit, paint or lacquer.

35. The mirror of claim 30 wherein said electrical means includes a transparent, electrically conductive layer on said rear surface of said element, said perimeter coating being in contact with said electrically conductive layer at the rear of said element.

36. The mirror of claim 35 wherein said perimeter coating is electrically conductive and extends around substantially said entire element adjacent said perimeter edge on said electrically conductive layer.

37. The mirror of claim 36 wherein said perimeter coating is reflective and appears substantially similar to said reflective coating when viewed from said front surface of said first element.

38. The mirror of claim 36 wherein said perimeter coating is formed from a conductive black frit, paint or lacquer.

39. The mirror of claim 35 wherein a first portion of said perimeter coating is electrically conductive and contacts at least a portion of said electrical means on said element, a second portion of said perimeter coating not being electrically conductive but is opaque to light incident on said assembly from said front surface of said element, said first and second perimeter coating portions extending around substantially said entire element adjacent said peripheral edge.

40. The mirror of claim 35 wherein said electro-optic medium includes:

a first electrochromic material in abutting relationship with said electrically conductive layer, said first electrochromic material being one of an anodic electrochromic layer and a cathodic electrochromic layer;

a solid electrolyte layer in abutting relationship to said first electrochromic material;

a second electrochromic material in abutting relationship with said electrolyte layer, said second electrochromic material being the other of said anodic electrochromic layer and cathodic electrochromic layer;

said reflective coating being a layer of reflective and conductive material in abutting relationship with said second electrochromic material.

41. The mirror of claim 40 including a coating suitable to protect said electro-optic mirror from environmental and mechanical damage, said coating comprising a shatterproofing coating in contact with and adhered to said element and substantially covering the exposed surfaces of said electro-optic medium and a hermetically sealing coating covering the entire exposed surface of said shatterproofing coating and being in contact with and adhered to said element.

42. The mirror of claim 41 wherein said hermetically sealing coating is adhesively joined to said element by a hermetic primary adhesive.

43. The mirror of claim 42 including a bead of secondary adhesive around the outer periphery of said mirror, said secondary adhesive extending from adjacent said front surface of said element to the backside of said hermetically sealing coating across the entire hermetic coating-element adhesive line.

44. An electro-optic mirror assembly comprising:

at least first and second spaced, optically transparent elements, said elements each having a peripheral edge and front and rear facing surfaces and defining a space therebetween;

an electro-optic medium confined in said space, the transmittance of said medium being variable upon the application of an electric field thereto;

electrical means for applying an electric field to said electro-optic medium to cause variation in the light transmittance of said medium;

a reflective coating on one of said front and rear facing surfaces of said second element adapted to reflect light incident thereon through said first element and said electro-optic medium; and

seal means adjacent and extending around the entire periphery of and extending between said first and second elements adjacent said peripheral edges for spacing said elements apart and confining said electro-optic medium in said space, said seal means being dark in color such that it provides a dark perimeter border around said assembly when viewed from said front facing surface of said first element.

45. The assembly of claim 44 wherein said mirror assembly includes a mirror case including a bezel/retaining rim extending over the perimeter portion of said front facing surface of said first element:

said assembly also including a conductive perimeter means on at least one of a portion of said electrical means and said rear facing surface of said first element adjacent said peripheral edge of said first element for contacting and applying electrical energy to a portion of said electrical means which applies electrical energy to said electro-optic medium;

said conductive perimeter means being sufficiently narrow to be concealed behind said bezel/retaining rim when said assembly is viewed from said front facing surface of said first element.

46. The assembly of claim 45 wherein said conductive perimeter means is selected from the group including a conductive frit, solder, a clip and a ribbon connector.

47. The assembly of claim 45 wherein said conductive perimeter means is a ribbon connector which extends along an edge of one of said first and second elements adjacent said peripheral edge thereof.

48. The assembly of claim 44 wherein said mirror assembly includes a mirror case including a bezel/retaining rim extending over the perimeter portion of said front facing surface of said first element;

said bezel/retaining rim having a dark color matched to said dark color of said seal means.

49. The assembly of claim 44 wherein said seal means is an epoxy material incorporating carbon black to impart a black color to said epoxy material.

50. An electro-optic mirror assembly comprising:

at least first and second spaced, optically transparent elements, said elements each having a peripheral edge and front and rear facing surfaces and defining a space therebetween;

an electro-optic medium confined in said space, the transmittance of said medium being variable upon the application of an electric field thereto;

electrical means for applying an electric field to said electro-optic medium to cause variation in the light transmittance of said medium;

a reflective coating on one of said front and rear facing surfaces of said second element adapted to reflect light incident thereon through said first element and said electro-optic medium; and

seal means adjacent and extending around the entire periphery of and extending between said first and second elements adjacent said peripheral edges for spacing said elements apart and confining said electro-optic medium in said space;

said mirror assembly includes a mirror case including a bezel/retaining rim extending over the perimeter portion of said front facing surface of said first element;

said seal means having a color matched and corresponding to said bezel/retaining rim such that said bezel/retaining rim and seal means appear as a perimeter border of uniform color around said assembly when viewed from said front facing surface of said first element.

51. The assembly of claim 50 wherein said assembly also includes a conductive perimeter means on at least one of a portion of said electrical means and said rear facing surface of said first element adjacent said peripheral edge of said first element for contacting and applying electrical energy to a portion of said electrical means which applies electrical energy to said electro-optic medium;

said conductive perimeter means being sufficiently narrow to be concealed behind said bezel/retaining rim when said assembly is viewed from said front facing surface of said first element.

52. The assembly of claim 51 wherein said conductive perimeter means is selected from the group including a conductive frit, solder, a clip and a ribbon connector.

53. The assembly of claim 51 wherein said conductive perimeter means is a ribbon connector which extends along an edge of one of said first and second elements adjacent said peripheral edge thereof.

54. The assembly of claim 50 wherein said seal means is an epoxy material incorporating carbon black to impart a black color to said epoxy material.