Computer input device using an orientation sensor

• US 5,068,645 A
• Filed: 09/25/1990
• Issued: 11/26/1991
• Est. Priority Date: 10/14/1987
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: Wang Laboratories Incorporated
• Inventors: Drumm, Donald E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Yusko, Donald J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Holloway, III, Edwin C.
• Application Number:
  US07/588,499
• Time in Patent Office: 427 Days
• Field of Search: 340/825.19, 340/706, 340/707, 340/709, 340/710, 341/20, 341/21, 273/148 B, 200/52 A, 200/61.45 R, 200/61.52, 200/6 A, 200/52 R, 73/653, 73/655, 73/505, 250/573, 250/574, 250/575, 250/577, 33/365, 33/366, 33/377
• US Class Current: 345/184
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/012 Head tracking input arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0312 for tracking the rotation of a spherical or circular member, e.g. optical rotary encoders used in mice or trackballs using a tracking ball or in mouse scroll wheels tracking relative movement in co-operation with a regularly or irregularly patterned surface, e.g. as in optical mice G06F3/0317; constructional details of scroll or thumb-wheels G06F3/0362; optical rotary encoders G01D5/3473
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0346 with detection of the device orientation or free movement in a 3D space, e.g. 3D mice, 6-DOF [six degrees of freedom] pointers using gyroscopes, accelerometers or tilt-sensors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/167 Audio in a user interface, e.g. using voice commands for navigating, audio feedback

Abstract

A device for controlling a cursor on a data terminal display screen. The device is in the form of a headset and includes an orientation sensor which provides an electrical signal related to the orientation of the device without it being adjacent to any fixed surface. The orientation sensor includes a hollow spherical housing having at least one light source/detector pair mounted opposingly in the inner wall, along an axis extending through the center point of the housing. The housing is half-filled with a transparent liquid having a specified viscosity and index of refraction and half-filled with air. Light beams emitted from the sources are refracted upon passsing through the boundary between the air and the liquid. As the orientation sensor rotates with respect to the vertical axis, the changing refraction angle of the light beam causes the detector to sense changing intensities of light, which are representative of the angle of rotation. Multiple light source/detector pairs spaced within the spherical housing allow measurement of direction and magnitude of angular change. Integral with the input device is a speaker independent voice control circuit which recognizes short isolated command words ending in voiced or fricative sounds for controlling display functions.

Claims

1. A computer display system for displaying a cursor and providing controlled movement of the cursor, comprising:

a display screen;

a computer programmed to control the position of a cursor on the display screen in response to cursor control signals;

a computer input device coupled to said computer, the computer input device generating signals representative of the magnitude and direction of angular displacement of the device for a continuous range of angles with respect to a vertical axis passing therethrough for a continuous range of directions;

said input device including

a housing having a circular cross section and center point,

a first light source and a first photodetector mounted opposingly in the plane of the circular cross section of the housing on a first axis extending through the center point of the circular cross section;

a second light source and a second photodetector mounted opposingly in the plane of the circular cross section of the housing on a second axis extending through the center point of the circular cross section, the second axis being displaced from the first axis;

a liquid medium and a gaseous medium, contained within the housing and having a boundary surface therebetween which intersects the center point of the circular cross section; and

differential amplifier means, coupled to said photodetectors;

whereby the output of the differential amplifier is representative of the magnitude and direction of angular displacement of the circular housing within the plane of the circular cross section; and

interface means, coupled to said computer, for generating digital control signals adapted for controlling the position of a cursor in response to the signals representative of the magnitude and direction of angular displacement of the input device so that there is a correspondence between a cursor position on the display screen and said magnitude and direction of angular displacement of said computer input device;

wherein the cursor may be moved from any starting position on the display screen along a continuous path and stopped at a second position on the screen.

2. The computer display system of claim 1, wherein said second axis is displaced 90 degrees from said first axis.

3. A computer input device, comprising:

a headset shaped housing;

sensor means, coupled to the housing, for sensing the magnitude and direction of angular displacement of the housing for a continuous range of angles relative to a vertical axis for a continuous range of directions and generating first electrical signals representative thereof;

voice control means, coupled to the headset-shaped housing, for detecting and discriminating at least two vocal sounds, and generating second electrical signals representative thereof; and

interface means, coupled to the sensor means and the voice control means, for translating said first electrical signals into cursor position control signals and for translating said second electrical signals into computer command signals for transmission to a computer.

4. The computer input device of claim 3, wherein said sensor means includes:

a housing having a circular cross section and center point;

a first light source and a first photodetector mounted opposingly in the plane of the circular cross section of the housing on a first axis extending through the center point of the circular cross section;

a second light source and a second photodetector mounted opposingly in the plane of the circular cross section of the housing on a second axis extending through the center point of the circular cross section, the second axis being displaced from the first axis;

a liquid medium and a gaseous medium, contained within the housing and having a boundary surface therebetween which intersects the center point of the circular cross section; and

differential amplifier means, coupled to said photodetectors;

whereby the output of the differential amplifier is representative of the magnitude and direction of angular displacement of the circular housing within the plane of the circular cross section.

5. The computer input device of claim 4, wherein said second axis is displaced 90 degrees from said first axis.

6. The computer input device of claim 3, wherein the voice control means discriminates between fricative and voiced sounds.

7. The computer input device of claim 3, wherein said sensor means includes:

a spherical housing having a center point defined therein;

four light source/photodetector pairs, each pair mounted opposingly on an axis passing through the center point of the spherical housing and evenly spaced therearound;

said light source/photodetector pairs being arranged, within said sphere, with the light sources in the upper hemisphere and the photodetectors in the lower hemisphere;

said housing having a first vertical plane defined therein which includes two light source/photodetector pairs, and a second vertical plane defined therein which includes two other pairs, the planes intersecting orthogonally at the center point;

a liquid medium and a gaseous medium, within the housing, having a boundary surface therebetween which intersects the center point of the circular cross section; and

first differential amplifier means, coupled to the photodetectors in the first plane;

second differential amplifier means, coupled to the photodetectors in the second plane;

whereby the output of the first and second differential amplifiers is representative of the magnitude and direction of angular displacement of the spherical housing in any direction with respect to a vertical axis.

8. A computer input device for controlling the position of a cursor on a display screen, comprising:

a housing;

sensor means, within the housing, for sensing the magnitude and direction of angular displacement of the housing for a continuous range of angles with respect to a vertical axis passing therethrough for a continuous range of directions and for generating electrical signals representative thereof;

interface means, coupled to the sensor means, for translating said electrical signals into digital cursor position control signals for transmission to a computer.

9. A computer input device as recited in claim 8, further including auxiliary control means for initiating computer command signals in response to user commands.

10. A computer input device as recited in claim 9, wherein said auxiliary control means is a sound detection device.

11. A computer input device as recited in claim 10 wherein said sound detection device discriminates at least two vocal sounds and generates electrical signals responsive thereto.

12. A computer input device as recited in claim 11, wherein the sound detection device discriminates between fricative and voiced sounds.

13. A computer input device as recited in claim 8, wherein said housing includes means for temporarily affixing said input device to a selected part of a user'"'"'s body.

14. A computer input device as recited in claim 8, wherein said housing is headset-shaped.

15. A computer input device as recited in claim 8, further including microphone means for receiving voice signals from a user.

16. A computer input device as recited in claim 8, wherein said sensor means includes:

a sensor having a circular cross section and center point;

a first light source and a first photodetector mounted opposingly in the plane of the circular cross section of the housing on a first axis extending through the center point of the circular cross section;

a second light source and a second photodetector mounted opposingly in the plane of the circular cross section of the housing on a second axis extending through the center point of the circular cross section, the second axis being displaced from the first axis;

a liquid medium and a gaseous medium, contained within the housing and having a boundary surface therebetween which intersects the center point of the circular cross section; and

differential amplifier means, coupled to said photodetectors;

whereby the output of the differential amplifier is representative of the magnitude and direction of angular displacement of the circular housing within the plane of the circular cross section.

17. The computer input device of claim 8, wherein said sensor means includes:

a spherical housing having a center point defined therein;

four light source/photodetector pairs, each pair mounted opposingly on an axis passing through the center point of the spherical housing and evenly spaced therearound;

said light source/photodetector pairs being arranged, within said sphere, with the light sources in the upper hemisphere and the photodetectors in the lower hemisphere;

said housing having a first vertical plane defined therein which includes two light source/photodetector pairs, and a second vertical plane defined therein which includes two other pairs, the planes intersecting orthogonally at the center point;

a liquid medium and a gaseous medium, within the housing, having a boundary surface therebetween which intersects the center point of the circular cross section; and

first differential amplifier means, coupled to the photodetectors in the first plane;

second differential amplifier means, coupled to the photodetectors in the second plane;

whereby the output of the first and second differential amplifiers is representative of the magnitude and direction of angular displacement of the spherical housing in any direction with respect to a vertical axis.