Optical waveguide display system

• US 5,106,181 A
• Filed: 04/12/1989
• Issued: 04/21/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 04/12/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Marshall A. Rockwell III
• Original Assignee: Marshall A. Rockwell III
• Inventors: Rockwell, Marshall A. III
• Primary Examiner(s): FONT, FRANK G
• Application Number:
  US07/337,141
• Time in Patent Office: 1,105 Days
• Field of Search: 350/96.1, 350/96.11, 350/96.12, 350/96.13, 350/96.14, 350/96.15, 350/96.16, 350/96.19, 350/96.24, 350/96.25, 358/901, 40/547, 362/32
• US Class Current: 385/2
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0026 Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/003 Lens or lenticular sheet or layer
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/005 provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/007 Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/08 with fibre bundle in form of plate
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/011 in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0147 based on thermo-optic effects G02F1/132 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/03 based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect G02F1/061 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/09 based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/11 based on acousto-optical elements, e.g. using variable diffraction by sound or like mechanical waves acousto-optical deflection G02F1/33
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1326 Liquid crystal optical waveguides or liquid crystal cells specially adapted for gating or modulating between optical waveguides
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/3132 of directional coupler type
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 9/305 being the ends of optical fibres G09F9/302 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 29/892 using fibre optics

Abstract

A thin, large, high definition television screen (2) employs optical waveguides (22). Light continually flows through waveguides closely arranged, in parallel (86), across a substrate. Light is prematurely made to exit (32) the waveguide cores by intensity modulators (66) and taps (64) placed along the length of the waveguides. The intensity modulators control the brightness of light in the waveguides. Taps direct intensity-modulated light out of the waveguides to the viewer (68). Systematically modulating the intensity of light and tapping light out of a system of parallel waveguides allows still and moving images to be formed. The preferred embodiment employs acoustic intensity modulators and taps. Sound waves (34) propagate perpendicularly (3) to the direction of light flow (5) causing changes in the index of refraction in the waveguides via the acousto-optic effect. Electro-optic modulators (42) and thin-film (86) waveguides can also be used in place of acousto-optic modulators and discrete fibers. This display can be economically produced using a flexible waveguide ribbon (130) which integrates multiple waveguides (94), intensity modulators ( 147) and taps (148) into a single unit.

Claims

1. A display system comprising:

a plurality of optical waveguides,

a light source positioned in a light coupling relationship to said plurality of optical waveguides,

and an acoustic light exiting means for causing a portion of light traveling through said plurality of optical waveguides to exit selectively so light can be viewed at selected locations oriented along the lengths of the waveguides in said plurality of waveguides.

2. The display system as claimed in claim 1 in which said acoustic light exiting means is one of optically diffractive, refractive and evanescent devices.

3. The display system as claimed in claim 1 in which said plurality of optical waveguides have a ribbon-like form.

4. The display system as claimed in claim 1 in which said acoustic light exiting means is a device which propagates an acoustic ave along the orientation of light flow through said plurality of optical waveguides.

5. The display system as claimed in claim 1 in which said acoustic light exiting means is a device which propagates acoustic energy perpendicular to the direction of light flow through said plurality of optical waveguides.

6. The display system as claimed in claim 1 in which aid acoustic light exiting means comprises a piezoelectric material.

7. The display system as claimed in claim 1 in which light from said plurality of waveguides is redirected by an optical material placed in close proximity to the waveguides in said plurality of optical waveguides.

8. A display system comprising:

a plurality of optical waveguides,

a light source positioned in a light coupling relationship to said plurality of optical waveguides,

and a controllable light exiting means for causing a portion of light traveling through said plurality of optical waveguides to exit selectively so light can be viewed at selected locations oriented along the lengths of the waveguides in said plurality of waveguides.

said plurality of optical waveguides having a ribbon-like structure wherein a plurality of said ribbon-like structures are stacked on top of each other.

9. A display system as claimed in claim 8 in which said plurality of ribbon-like optical waveguide structures are also positioned in a side-by-side relationship.

10. The display system as claimed in claim 8 in which light from said light source is precisely directed into the waveguide cores in said ribbon-like structure by a light directing means.

11. A display system as claimed in claim 10 in which said light directing means comprises a plurality of lenses.

12. A display system as claimed in claim 11 in which said plurality of lenses are formed in a continuous optical material.

13. A display system comprising:

a plurality of optical waveguides,

a light source positioned in a light coupling relationship to said plurality of optical waveguides,

and a controllable light exiting means for causing a portion of light traveling through said plurality of optical waveguides to exit selectively so light can be viewed at selected locations oriented along the lengths of the waveguides in said plurality of waveguides.

and a visible light absorbing material layer placed in proximity to said plurality of optical waveguides in order to darken and improve the appearance of images formed by said plurality of optical waveguides and said controllable light exiting means.

14. The display system as claimed in claim 13 in which said controllable light exiting means is one of electro-optic, acousto-optic, thermo-optic and magneto-optic devices.

15. The display system as claimed in claim 13 in which said controllable light exiting means is one of optically diffractive, refractive and evanescent field coupling devices.

16. The display system as claimed in claim 13 in which said plurality of optical waveguides are placed between an observer and said visible light absorbing material.

17. The display system as claimed in claim 13 in which said visible light absorbing material is placed between the individual waveguides in said plurality of optical waveguides.

18. The display system as claimed in claim 13 in which said visible light absorbing material is placed between said plurality of optical waveguides and an observer.

19. The display system as claimed in claim 18 in which said visible light absorbing material completely absorbs all of the light from said controllable light exiting means.

20. The display system as claimed in claim 18 in which said visible light absorbing material serves to keep light in a well defined region located near said optical waveguides.

21. A display system comprising:

a plurality of optical waveguides,

a light source positioned in a light coupling relationship to said plurality of optical waveguides,

and a controllable light exiting means for causing a portion of light traveling through said plurality of optical waveguides to exit selectively so light can be viewed at selected locations oriented along the lengths of the waveguides in said plurality of waveguides.

and filter means positioned in a light coupling relationship to one or both of said broad-spectrum light source and said plurality of optical waveguides.

22. The display system as claimed in claim 21 in which said filter means is positioned between said light source and said plurality of optical waveguides so that light from said light source is colored before it enters the ends of said plurality of optical waveguides.

23. The display system as claimed in claim 21 in which said filter means is positioned between an observer and said optical waveguides so that light from said light source is colored after it exits said plurality of optical waveguides from said controllable light exiting means.