Automatic blood monitoring for medication delivery method and apparatus

• US 5,109,850 A
• Filed: 08/12/1991
• Issued: 05/05/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 02/09/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Samadani, Rosina, Blanco, Ernesto E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): ZELE, KRISTA MICHELLE
• Application Number:
  US07/746,070
• Time in Patent Office: 267 Days
• Field of Search: 128/632, 128/635, 604/891.1, 604/890.1, 604/4, 604/50-53
• US Class Current: 600/368
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14865 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4839 combined with drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14276 specially adapted for implantation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1723 using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure measurement of body parameters A61B5/00

Abstract

An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system includes an infusion device (2) which is implantable beneath the skin of a human or animal and which contains medication. A catheter (4) which is implantable in a vessel V is connected to the infusion device. An information transmitting sensor (22) is located in the catheter (4) and is connected to a microprocessor (8) within the system which controls a pump (10) for first withdrawing blood from the vessel V and submitting it to the sensor (22) and then returning the withdrawn blood to the vessel V along with a predetermined amount of medication, the pump may act to pump medication as well as blood or to pump blood alone. In the latter instance, a second pump (44) acts to pump the medication.

Claims

1. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system, comprising,

an infusion device implantable beneath the skin of a human or animal and containing medication,

a single channel catheter implantable in a vessel and connected to the infusion device,

an information transmitting sensor located within the single channel catheter and communicating with the infusion device for transmitting information about blood chemistry to the infusion device, and

wherein said infusion device comprises means for causing medication to flow through the catheter, into engagement with the sensor, and thence into the vessel automatically in response to the information transmitted from the sensor.

2. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 1, including a microprocessor and wherein the means for causing medication to flow through the catheter into the vessel is a pump operatively connected to and controlled by the microprocessor.

3. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 1, including a microprocessor and wherein the means for causing medication to flow through the catheter into the vessel, is a bellows pump operatively connected to and controlled by the microprocessor.

4. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system, comprising,

an infusion device implantable beneath the skin of a human or animal and containing medication,

a single channel catheter implantable in a vessel and connected to the infusion device,

medication calculating means in the infusion device;

an information transmitting sensor located within the single channel catheter and communicating with the infusion device for transmitting information about blood chemistry to the medication calculating means, and

wherein said infusion device comprises means for drawing blood into the catheter from the vessel to engage the sensor in the catheter and, subsequently reversing the blood flow for returning the blood along the same path through the catheter to the vessel with a calculated amount of medication from the infusion device.

5. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 4, including a microprocessor and wherein the mechanism for causing medication to flow through the catheter into the vessel is a pump operatively connected to and controlled by the microprocessor.

6. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 4, including a microprocessor and wherein the mechanism for allowing blood to flow through the catheter from the vessel to the sensor and for returning this blood to the vessel is a reversible pump operatively connected to and controlled by the microprocessor.

7. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 4, including a microprocessor and wherein the mechanism for causing medication to flow through the catheter into the vessel, is a bellows pump operatively connected to and controlled by the microprocessor.

8. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 4, wherein said means for drawing blood into the catheter and for causing the blood to flow to the sensor and to return to the vessel is a pump.

9. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 4, wherein said mechanism for drawing blood into the catheter is a pump operatively connected to the catheter for causing the blood to flow to the sensor and for returning the blood to the vessel and further comprising a second pump to cause medication to flow from the infusion device to the vessel.

10. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 4, wherein said mechanism for drawing blood is a reversible pump operatively connected to the catheter for causing the drawn blood to flow to the sensor and for returning it to the vessel.

11. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system, comprising,

an infusion device implantable beneath the skin of a human or animal and containing medication,

a single channel catheter implantable in a vessel and connected to the infusion device,

an information transmitting sensor located within the single channel catheter and communicating with the infusion device for transmitting information about blood chemistry to the infusion device, and

wherein said infusion device comprises a microprocessor and a pump for drawing blood from the vessel onto the catheter to engage the sensor and for returning the blood along the same path through the catheter to the vessel with a calculated amount of medication from the infusion device.

12. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 11, wherein a pump is operatively connected to the catheter for causing the blood to flow to the sensor and to return to the vessel.

13. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 11, wherein a second pump causes medication to flow from the infusion device to the vessel along the same path through the catheter.

14. An implantable blood monitoring and medication administering system according to claim 11, wherein the pump is reversible and is operatively connected to the catheter for drawing blood along the same path to the sensor and for returning it to the vessel along the same path.

15. A method of automatically monitoring blood chemistry and administering an amount of medication determined to be required by the chemistry monitoring, all from within the body of a human or animal, comprising the steps of:

a) withdrawing blood from a vessel in the body;

b) submitting the withdrawn blood to analysis within the body;

c) determining the amount of medication required as a result of the analysis;

d) adding the required amount of medication to the withdrawn blood; and

e) returning the analyzed blood to the vessel along with the determined amount of medication.

16. Method according to claim 15, wherein the step of submitting the withdrawn blood to analysis occurs at a specific location different from the site of withdrawal.

17. Method according to claim 15, wherein the step of submitting the withdrawn blood to analysis occurs at a specific location different from the site of withdrawal and wherein the medication upon going to the vessel passes the specific location where the analysis took place.

18. A method of automatically monitoring blood chemistry and administering an amount of medication determined to be required by the chemistry monitoring, all from within the body of a human or animal, comprising the steps of:

a) sending a signal from a first location within the body to withdraw blood from a vessel,

b) transmitting the withdrawn blood to a second location within the body for chemical analysis,

c) chemically analyzing the withdrawn blood,

d) transmitting information about the analyzed blood from the second location to the first location,

e) calculating at the first location within the body the amount of medication required as a result of the analysis,

f) adding the required amount of medication to the withdrawn blood, and

g) creating a signal at the first location to initiated returning the withdrawn blood and the required medication to the vessel.

19. Method according to claim 18, wherein the medication, upon going to the vessel, passes the second location where the analysis took place.

20. A method of automatically monitoring blood chemistry and administering an amount of medication determined to be required by the chemistry monitoring, all from within the body of a human or animal, comprising the steps of:

a) sending a signal from a first location within the body to withdraw blood from a vessel,

b) transferring the blood from the vessel to a second location within the body for chemical analysis of the blood,

c) chemically analyzing the withdrawn blood at the second location,

d) sending information about the analysis to the first location within the body and at that location calculating the amount of medication required as a result of the analysis, and

e) creating a signal at the first location to dispense the required medication from the first location to the second location and then into the vessel along with the analyzed blood.