Controls for optical disk relating to accessing and utilization of such disk

• US 5,132,954 A
• Filed: 09/24/1990
• Issued: 07/21/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 09/24/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Kulakowski, John E., Means, Rodney J., Tayefeh, Morovat
• Primary Examiner(s): Richardson, Robert L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HINDI, NABIL Z
• Application Number:
  US07/586,919
• Time in Patent Office: 666 Days
• Field of Search: 369/48, 369/58, 369/32, 369/44.32, 369/56, 369/13, 369/275.3, 369/54
• US Class Current: 369/47.12
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/00745 Sectoring or header formats within a track formats in general G11B20/12
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/013 for discrete information, i.e. where each information unit is stored in a distinct discrete location , e.g. digital information formats within a data block or sector

Abstract

Rewriteable media, such as magnetooptic record members or disk has its recording controlled such that the recording is certifiable as meeting write once read many characteristics. Controls are introduced for the entire disk for indicating that the rewriteable disk is to be used for certified or vault writing, at least in some radial zones of the disk. Recording or writing operations are limited to those addresssable areas on the certifiable rewriteable medium that have not been previously written. Each of the addressable areas of the medium, in a disk termed, sectors, have a precursor portion called a control area which indicates the status of the sector and is used for preventing overwriting or erasure as well as controlling.

Claims

1. A rewriteable record member having a multiplicity of addressable signal storing areas and adapted to be scanned in a predetermined longitudinal direction, non-signal storing areas interposed between adjacent ones of the addressable signal storing areas along said longitudinal direction, the improvement including, in combination:

first machine-sensible indicia in a first predetermined one of said addressable signal storing areas indicating that the rewriteable record member contains signals that are not to be changed from any original recording of such signals;

second machine-sensible indicia in a second predetermined one of said addressable signal storing areas indicating whether or not the record member has been erased once in its entirety; and

third machine-sensible indicia in each of said non-signal storing areas respectively indicating whether or not one of said adjacent ones of the data-storing ones of said adjacent addressable signal storing areas can be written to.

2. In the record member set forth in claim 1, further including, in combination:

a data definition structure, which includes said second machine-sensible indicia stored in said second predetermined one of said signal storing areas, said data definition structure including control signals stored in further predetermined ones of said addressable signal storing areas and said third machine-sensible indicia not being in non-signal storing areas respectively adjacent said further predetermined ones of said addressable signal storing means.

3. In the record member set forth in claim 1, further including, in combination:

said record member having optical storage properties;

said first indicia being pre-written, non-erasable and non-rewriteable and said second and third indicia being optically recorded as rewriteable stored signals.

4. In the record member set forth in claim 3 wherein said first indicia is embossed and each of said addressable signal storing areas including embossed address indicia indicating its address.

5. In the record member set forth in claim 3, further including, in combination:

said record member being an optical disk of the magnetooptic type having a plurality of substantially circular tracks, each of said addressable signal storing areas being a sector of a respective one of a plurality of substantially circular tracks of the disk and said longitudinal direction is a circumferential direction on the disk.

6. In the rewriteable record member set forth in claim 1 further including, in combination:

said record member having two radial zones each respectively having a first and second predetermined number of tracks;

said third machine-sensible indicia being only in a first of said two zones such that writing to addressable signal storing areas in a second of said zones is not inhibited.

7. In a machine-effected method of operating an optical device having an optical record member and optical means for supplying a light beam to and receive a light beam from the record member for writing signals thereon and reading recorded signals therefrom, the record medium having a multiplicity of addressable signal storing areas and adapted to be scanned in a predetermined longitudinal direction, non-signal storing areas interposed between adjacent ones of the addressable signal storing areas along said longitudinal direction

including the machine-executed steps of:

indelibly writing first machine-sensible indicia in a first predetermined one of said addressable signal storing areas for indicating that the rewriteable record member contains signals that are not to be changed from any original recording of such signals;

after indelibly writing said first machine-sensible indicia, writing second machine-sensible indicia in a second predetermined one of said addressable signal storing areas for indicating whether or not given predetermined ones of the signal storing areas of the record member have been erased including if all of the record member has been formatted including erasure;

allowing only one erasure in each of the given signal storing areas; and

after indelibly writing said first machine-sensible indicia and while not writing said second machine-sensible indicia, writing third machine-sensible indicia in each of said non-signal storing areas respectively adjacent each of said given signal storing areas for indicating whether or not said respective adjacent addressable signal storing area can be written to.

8. In the machine-effected method set forth in claim 7 further including the step of:

selecting an optical disk as said record member, said selected optical disk having said indelibly written first machine-sensible indicia; and

not performing said step of indelibly writing first machine-sensible indicia.

9. In the machine-effected method set forth in claim 7 further including the machine-executed steps of:

selecting said record member to be an optical disk of the magnetooptic type having a plurality of substantially circular tracks, each of said addressable signal storing areas being a sector of a respective one of a plurality of substantially circular tracks of the disk and said longitudinal direction is a circumferential direction on the disk.

10. In the machine-effected method set forth in claim 8 further including the machine-executed steps of:

receiving signals to be written on the record member in an addressed predetermined one of said signal storing areas, said addressed signal storing area being a signal storing area other than said first and second predetermined ones of the signal storing areas;

machine sensing said first indicia for reading the first indicia indication that the rewriteable record member contains signals in said given predetermined ones of the signal storing areas that are not to be changed from any original recording of such signals;

machine sensing said second indicia for reading the second indicia indication for ascertaining whether or not the addressed predetermined one of said signal storing areas is an erased given one of said signal storing area; and

responding to said machine sensing of said second indicia resulting in an indication that the addressed predetermined one of said signal storing areas is an erased signal storing area for machine sensing said third indicia adjacent said addressed predetermined one of said signal storing areas;

then, machine sensing whether or not the third indicia indicates no inhibition from writing the received signals into the addressed predetermined one of the signal storing areas;

in a writing step, responding to a sensed indication of no inhibition for writing the received signals into the addressed predetermined one of the signal storing areas;

after completing said writing step, changing the third indicia adjacent the addressed predetermined one of the signal storing areas to indicate that writing into said addressed predetermined one of the signal storing areas is inhibited; and

if the machine-sensed second indicia indicated that the record member was not formatted, then before said writing step, erasing the addressed predetermined one of the signal storing areas.

11. In the machine-effected method set forth in claim 9 further including the machine-executed steps of:

sensing the second machine-sensible indicia in response to the sensed second machine-sensible indicia indicating that the record member has not been entirely formatted, then sensing for any signal writing on the record member;

in response to the sensing for written signals indicating no written signals on the record member, formatting, including erasing, the record member;

in response to sensing that signals are written on the record member in third predetermined ones of said signal storing areas and that the record member is not entirely formatted;

then, determining which of the signal storing areas are not storing signals; and

then, erasing fourth predetermined ones of the signal storing areas which are not storing signals.

12. In the machine-effected method set forth in claim 9 further including the machine-executed steps of:

sensing signals written to a first addressed predetermined one of said signal storing areas;

detecting predetermined errors in said sensing of said signals written to the first addressed predetermined one of said signal storing areas;

writing the sensed signals in a second addressed predetermined one of said signal storing areas that is erased and is not storing any signal;

recording in the non-signal storing area of said second addressed predetermined one of said signal storing areas that writing to the second addressed predetermined one of said signal storing areas is inhibited; and

writing indicia on the record member for indicating the signals still stored in the first addressed predetermined signal storing area have been written to and are stored in said second addressed predetermined one of the signal storing areas.

13. In the machine-effected method set forth in claim 7 further including the machine-executed steps of:

establishing two zones of said addressable signal storing areas in the record member; and

writing said third machine-sensible indicia only in a first one of said zones.

14. In the machine-effected method set forth in claim 8 further including the machine-executed steps of:

reading signals stored in a first addressed one of said given addressable signal storing areas and detecting a predetermined error during such reading;

recording the signals read from said first addressed one of said given addressable signal storing areas in a second addressed one of said given addressable signal storing areas;

recording said third indicia in a one of the non-signal storing areas that is adjacent to said second addressed one of said given addressable signal storing areas; and

establishing a directory structure in the record member which includes indicia showing said signals read from the first addressed one of said addressable given signal storing areas are stored in said first and second addressed ones of said given addressable signal storing areas.

15. In apparatus for operating a recorder with a rewriteable medium having addressable signal storing areas and being for emulating write-once recording characteristics, including, in combination:

a first write means that erases, writes and verifies writing to unerased ones of the signal storing areas;

a second write means that writes and verifies writing signals to erased ones of the signal storing areas of the medium;

format means for formatting the medium including erasing any areas of the medium being formatted including means for limiting the format means to one formatting operation per medium; and

inhibit means connected to the format means and to said first and second write means for actuating the format means and the write means for effectively inhibiting erasure and overwriting of any signals written on the record medium.

16. In the apparatus set forth in claim 15 further including, in combination:

said rewriteable medium being an optical recording medium and optical means connected to said first and second write means and said format means and in optical communication with the rewriteable medium for writing signals in the signal storing areas and for sensing signals written in said signal storing areas; and

means in the inhibit means for identifying predetermined ones of the signal storing areas of the record member in which overwriting of any signals written in said predetermined ones of the signal storing areas is not inhibited.

17. In the apparatus set forth in claim 16 further including, in combination:

means in the format means for limiting the number of format operations in any one of said signal storing areas to once.