Mirror system with remotely actuated continuously variable reflectant mirrors

• US 5,148,014 A
• Filed: 11/19/1990
• Issued: 09/15/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 08/10/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Donnelly Corporation (Magna International Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Donnelly Corporation (Magna International Incorporated)
• Inventors: Lynam, Niall R., Roberts, Dale M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nelms, David C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): ALLEN, STEPHONE B
• Application Number:
  US07/615,228
• Time in Patent Office: 666 Days
• Field of Search: 250/214 AL, 250/201.1, 250/214 R, 350/279, 359/602-604, 359/38, 359/85, 359/872, 359/873
• US Class Current: 250/214.0AL
• CPC Class Codes: B60J 3/04 adjustable in transparency
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/088 using a cell of electrically changeable optical characteristic, e.g. liquid-crystal or electrochromic mirrors

Abstract

A light transmitting system for a vehicle includes a window or mirror with variable transmittance. A first input device, which may comprise a user adjustable device or an ambient light sensor, provides a comfort setting. A second input device, which overrides the first, may be operated manually, or by the vehicle engaging reverse gear or switching on headlights, to increase or decrease the reflectivity and transmittance of mirror and window embodiments respectively. Where a mirror is used, a third input device, which may comprise a photosensor, may be actuated to provide lower reflectivity when experiencing glare.

Claims

1. A rearview mirror system for a vehicle comprising:

a reflective element having a controllable variable reflectivity;

a control that is adapted to establishing the level of reflectivity of said reflective element;

a first input device for said control that is adapted to causing said control to establish a first level of reflectivity of said reflective element at a comfort level that is a function of ambient light levels, said level of reflectivity being selected from a continuously variable first range of reflectivity values,

a user operable second input device for said control that is selectively actuatable by a user in order to cause said control to establish a second level of reflectivity of said reflective element that is greater than said first level, wherein actuation of said second input device selectively overrides said first input device when actuated; and

wherein said control returns the level of reflectivity of said reflective element to the level of reflectivity established by said first input device upon deactuation of said second input device.

2. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said second level is at least 60l% reflectance.

3. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said controllable variable reflectivity of said reflective element is variable over a given range of reflectivity values and wherein said first level of reflectivity is within another range of reflectivity values that is within and narrower than said given range of reflectivity values.

4. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said first input device is user manipulable for manually establishing a desired comfort level of reflectivity.

5. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said second input device is user manipulable in order to selectively establish said second reflectance level.

6. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said second input device is actuated in response to the vehicle being placed in reverse gear.

7. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said reflective element changes reflectivity from said first to said second levels at a faster rate than from said second to said first levels.

8. The rearview mirror system ion claim 1 including means for causing said reflectance element to achieve a maximum reflectivity value when electrical power to said system is interrupted.

9. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said control includes memory means for storing at least one value of said first level of reflectivity, whereby values of said first level of reflection can be stored and can be retrieved for multiple vehicle drivers or upon power being removed and restored to said rearview mirror system.

10. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 including another reflective device having a controllable variable reflectivity and wherein said control is adapted to controlling the reflectivity of both of said reflective devices.

11. The rearview mirror system in claim 10 wherein said first input device is adapted to causing said control to establish said first level of reflectivity for both of said reflective devices.

12. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said vehicle includes headlights and switch means for selectively actuating said headlights, and further wherein said first input device is actuated in response to said switch means actuating said headlights.

13. The rearview mirror system in claim 12 wherein said second input device is actuated in response to the vehicle being placed in reverse gear irrespective of whether said switch means is actuating said headlights.

14. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said first input device is an ambient light sensor.

15. The rearview mirror system in claim 14 wherein said reflective element is an exterior mirror and further wherein said ambient light sensor is positioned in an interior portion of said vehicle.

16. The rearview mirror system in claim 14 wherein said control lowers said first level of reflectivity in response to lower level of ambient light sensed by said ambient light sensor.

17. The rearview mirror system in claim 1 wherein said reflective element comprises an all solid-state electrochromic mirror.

18. The rearview mirror system in claim 17 wherein said mirror includes a multiple-layer stack of inorganic metal oxide thin film layers.

19. The rearview mirror system in claim 18 wherein said multiple-layer stack includes an anodically coloring electrochromic film and a cathodically coloring electrochromic film.

20. The rearview mirror system in claim 18 wherein said multiple-layer stack includes an ion transporting and electron insulating inorganic metal oxide film

21. A rearview mirror system for a vehicle comprising:

a reflective element having a controllable variable reflectivity;

a control that is adapted to establishing the level of reflectivity of said reflective element;

a first input device for said control that is adapted to causing said control to establish a first level of reflectivity of said reflective element;

a second input device for said control that is selectively actuatable in order to cause said control to establish a second level of reflectivity of said reflective element that is greater than said first level, wherein actuation of said second input device selectively overrides said first input device when actuated;

wherein said control returns the level of reflectivity of said reflective element to said first level upon deactuation of said second input device; and

current limiting means for controlling the rate of change of reflectance of said reflective element.

22. The rearview mirror system in claim 21 wherein said current limiting means includes a resistor in series with said reflective element

23. The rearview mirror system in claim 21 including means for causing the reflective element to achieve a maximum reflectivity value when electrical power to said system is interrupted.

24. The rearview mirror system for a vehicle comprising:

a reflective element having a controllable variable reflectivity;

a control that is adapted to establishing the level of reflectivity of said reflective element;

a first input device for said control that is adapted to causing said control to establish a first level of reflectivity of said reflective element;

a second input device for said control that is selectively actuatable in order to cause said control to establish a second level of reflectivity of said reflective element that is less than said first level, wherein actuation of said second user input device selectively overrides said first user input device when actuated;

a third input device for said control that is selectively actuatable in order to cause said control to establish a third level of reflectivity of said reflective element that is greater than said first level, wherein actuation of said third input device selectively overrides said first and second input devices when actuated; and

wherein said control returns the level of reflectivity of said reflective element upon deactuation of said third input device to the one of said first and second levels that existed upon actuation of said third input device.

25. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 wherein said reflective element has a range of reflectivity values and wherein said first input device is adapted to causing said control to establish said first level from a range of reflectivity values that is more narrow than said range of reflectivity of said reflective element.

26. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 wherein said third level is at least 60% reflectance.

27. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 wherein said first input device is user manipulable for manually establishing a desired comfort level of reflectivity.

28. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 including another reflective device having a controllable variable reflectivity and wherein said control is adapted to controlling the reflectivity of both of said reflective devices.

29. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 wherein said second input device is user manipulable in order to selectively establish said second level of reflectivity.

30. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 wherein said second input device is a photosensor that is responsive to glare-producing light exceeding a predetermined level.

31. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 wherein said third input device is actuated in response to the vehicle being placed in reverse gear.

32. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 wherein said reflective element changes reflectivity from one of said first and second levels to said third level at a faster rate than from said third level to one of said first and second levels.

33. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 wherein said control includes memory means for storing at least one value of said first level of reflectivity, whereby values of said first level of reflection can be stored and retrieved for multiple vehicle drivers or can be retrieved upon power being removed and restored to said rearview mirror system.

34. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 further including current limiting means for controlling the rate of change of reflectivity of said reflective element.

35. The rearview mirror system in claim 34 wherein said current limiting means is a resistor in series with said reflective element.

36. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 further including resume means for causing said second input device to cease being actuated.

37. The rearview mirror system in claim 36 wherein said resume means includes timer means for causing said second input device to cease being actuated a predetermined time duration after being actuated.

38. The rearview mirror system in claim 37 wherein said resume means further includes user override means that is user actuatable for causing said second input device to cease being actuated during said predetermined time duration.

39. The rearview mirror system in claim 24 wherein said first input device is an ambient light sensor.

40. The rearview mirror system in claim 39 wherein said control lowers said first level of reflectivity in response to lower level of ambient light sensed by said ambient light sensor.

41. The rearview mirror system in claim 39 wherein said reflective element is in an exterior mirror and further wherein said ambient light sensor is located within an interior portion of said vehicle.

42. The rearview mirror system in claim 41 wherein said ambient light sensor is used exclusively in said system.

43. The rearview mirror system in claim 41 wherein said ambient light sensor is used concurrently with one of an automatic mirror control and a twilight sentinel.

44. A rearview mirror system for a vehicle comprising:

a reflective element having a controllable variable reflectivity;

a control that is adapted to establishing the level of reflectivity of said reflective element;

a first input device for said control that is adapted to causing said control to establish a first level of reflectivity of said reflective element from a continuously variable first range of reflectivity values;

a user-actuatable second input device for said control that is selectively actuatable by a user in order to cause said control to establish a second level of reflectivity of said reflective element that is greater than said first level, wherein actuation of said second input device selectively overrides said first input device when actuated; and

wherein said reflective element changes reflectivity from said first to said second levels at a faster rate than from said second to said first levels in order to provide a rapid bleach to a high reflective state.

45. The rearview mirror system in claim 44 including means for causing the reflective element to achieve a maximum reflectivity value when electrical power to said system is interrupted.

46. The rearview mirror system in claim 44 further including current limiting means for controlling the rate of change of reflectivity of said reflective element.

47. The rearview mirror system in claim 46 wherein said current limiting means is a resistor in series with said reflective element.

48. The rearview mirror system in claim 44 wherein said reflective element comprises an all solid-state electrochromic mirror.

49. The rearview mirror system in claim 48 wherein said mirror includes a multiple-layer stack of inorganic metal oxide thin film layers.

50. The rearview mirror system in claim 49 wherein said multiple-layer stack includes an anodically coloring electrochromic film and a cathodically coloring electrochromic film.

51. The rearview mirror system in claim 49 wherein said multiple-layer stack includes an ion transporting and electron insulating inorganic metal oxide film.

52. A rearview mirror system for a vehicle comprising:

a reflective element having a controllable variable reflectivity;

a control that is adapted to establishing the level of reflectivity of said reflective element;

a first input device for said control that is adapted to causing said control to establish a first level of reflectivity of said reflective element;

a second input device for said control that is selectively actuatable in order to cause said control to establish a second level of reflectivity of said reflective element that is greater than said first level, wherein actuation of said second input device selectively overrides said first input device when actuated; and

wherein said reflective element changes reflectivity from said first to said second levels at a faster rate than from said second to said first levels, wherein said reflective element has a range of reflectivity values, and wherein said first input device is adapted to causing said control to establish said first level from a second range of reflectivity values that is more narrow than said range of reflectivity of said reflective element.

53. The rearview mirror system in claim 52 wherein said second range of reflectivity values is between 20% and 80%.

54. The rearview mirror system in claim 53 wherein said first input device is an ambient light sensor.

55. The rearview mirror system in claim 54 wherein said control lowers said first level of reflectivity in response to a lower level of ambient light sensed by said ambient light sensor.

56. The rearview mirror system in claim 54 wherein said reflective element is an exterior mirror and further wherein said ambient light sensor is located within an interior portion of said vehicle.

57. The rearview mirror system in claim 56 wherein said ambient light sensor is used exclusively in said system.

58. The rearview mirror system in claim 56 wherein said ambient light sensor is used concurrently with one of an automatic mirror control and a twilight sentinel.

59. A light transmitting window system for a vehicle comprising;

a light transmitting window having a controllable variable level of light attenuation;

a control that is adapted to establishing the level of attenuation of said transmitting window;

a first input device for said control that is adapted to causing said control to establish a first level of attenuation of said transmitting window from a continuously variable range of attenuation values;

a user operable second input device for said control that is selectively actuatable by a user in order to cause said control to establish a second level of attenuation of said transmitting window that has a predetermined relationship to said first level, wherein actuation of said second input device selectively overrides said first input device when actuated; and

wherein said control returns the level of attenuation of said transmitting window to said first level upon deactuation of said second input device.

60. The system in claim 59 wherein said light transmitting element is a window.

61. The light transmitting system in claim 59 wherein said control includes memory means for storing at least one value of said first level of attenuation, whereby said value of said first level of attenuation can be retrieved upon power being removed from and restored to said system.

62. The system in claim 59 further including current limiting means controlling the rate of change of level of attenuation of said transmitting element.

63. The system in claim 62 wherein said current limiting means is a resistor in series with said transmitting window.

64. The light transmitting mirror system in claim 59 wherein said transmitting window comprises an all solid-state electrochromic element.

65. The light transmitting system in claim 64 wherein said element includes a multiple-layer stack of inorganic metal oxide thin film layers.

66. The light transmitting system in claim 65 wherein said multiple-layer stack includes an anodically coloring electrochromic film and a cathodically coloring electrochromic film.

67. The light transmitting system in claim 65 wherein said multiple-layer stack includes an ion transporting and electron insulating inorganic metal oxide film.

68. A light transmitting system for a vehicle comprising:

a light transmitting element having a controllable variable level of light attenuation;

a control that is adapted to establishing the level of attenuation of said transmitting element;

a first input device for said control that is adapted to causing said control to establish a first level of attenuation of said transmitting element, wherein said transmitting element has a range of attenuation values and wherein said first input device is adapted to causing said control to establish said first level from a second range of attenuation values that is more narrow than said range of attenuation of said transmitting element;

a second input device for said control that is selectively actuatable in order to cause said control to establish a second level of attenuation of said transmitting element that has a predetermined relationship to said first level, wherein actuation of said second input device selectively overrides said first input device when actuated;

and wherein said control returns the level of attenuation of said transmitting element to said first level upon deactuation of said second input device.

69. The light transmitting system in claim 68 wherein said first input device is an ambient light sensor.

70. The light transmitting system in claim 68 wherein said control includes memory means for storing at least one value of said first level of attenuation, whereby said value of said first level of alleviation can be retrieved upon power being removed from and restored to said system.

71. The system in claim 68 wherein said light transmitting element is a rearview mirror.

72. The system in claim 71 wherein said first input device is an ambient light sensor and wherein said control establishes a level of attenuation of said transmitting element that decreases for increasing levels of ambient light.

73. The system in claim 72 wherein said ambient light sensor is located at an interior portion of said vehicle.

74. The system in claim 73 wherein said rearview mirror is located at an exterior portion of said vehicle.

75. A light transmitting system for a vehicle comprising:

a light transmitting window having a controllable variable level of light attenuation;

a control that is adapted to establishing the level of attenuation of said transmitting window;

a first input device for said control that is adapted to causing said control to establish a first level of attenuation of said transmitting window, said first input device being an ambient light sensor and wherein said control establishes a level of attenuation of said transmitting window that increases for increasing levels of ambient light;

a second input device for said control that is selectively actuatable in order to cause said control to establish a second level of attenuation of said transmitting window that has a predetermined relationship to said first level, wherein actuation of said second input device selectively overrides said first input device when actuated; and

wherein said control returns the level of attenuation of said transmitting window to said first level upon deactuation of said second input device.

76. The system in claim 75 wherein said ambient light sensor is located at an interior portion of said vehicle.

77. A light transmitting system for a vehicle comprising:

a light transmitting element having a controllable level of light attenuation that is variable over a given range of values;

a control that is adapted to establishing the level of attenuation of said transmitting element;

a user operable first input device for said control that is manually manipulable for causing said control to establish a first level of attenuation of said transmitting element from a continuously variable range of attenuation values within and narrower than said given range of values;

a user operable second input device for said control that is selectively actuatable by a user in order to cause said control to establish a second level of attenuation of said transmitting element that has a predetermined relationship to said first level, wherein actuation of said second input device selectively overrides said first input device when actuated; and

wherein said control returns the level of attenuation of said transmitting element too said first level upon deactuation of said second input device.

78. The light transmitting system in claim 77 wherein said element is a rearview mirror.

79. The light transmitting system in claim 77 wherein said element is a window.