Method and apparatus for detecting and quantifying motion of a body part

• US 5,148,477 A
• Filed: 08/24/1990
• Issued: 09/15/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 08/24/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The Board of Regents of the University of Colorado (University of Colorado System)
• Original Assignee: The Board of Regents of the University of Colorado (University of Colorado System)
• Inventors: Cheung, John Y., Neely, John G. H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mancuso, Joseph
• Application Number:
  US07/573,502
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 382/6, 382/42, 382/48, 382/44, 382/1, 382/18, 382/51, 358/105, 364/413.13, 364/413.16, 364/413.22, 364/413.23, 364/413.27, 364/413.02
• US Class Current: 382/107
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/254 involving subtraction of images

Abstract

A method for detecting and quantifying motion of a body part of an individual or animal, such as an individual'"'"'s face or portion thereof. A digitized image of the body part in a reference position is produced (referenced image). A digitized image of the body part in a changed position then is produced (changed image). The referenced image is compared with the changed image to determine movement parameters indicating the movement of the body part from the referenced image to the changed image.

Claims

1. A method for detecting facial motion of at least a portion of an individual'"'"'s face comprising:

producing a digitized frame of the individual'"'"'s face in a reference position of the individual'"'"'s face, identified as a digitized control frame;

producing a digitized frame of the individual'"'"'s face in a moved position of the individual'"'"'s face, different from the position of the individual'"'"'s face in the reference position, identified as a digitized changed frame, where the moved position is produced substantially by facial musculature movements of the individual; and

comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame and determining shape changes over a defined surface area of the the individual'"'"'s face from the reference position to the moved postion.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of producing the digitized control frame further comprises:

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format;

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the control position; and

digitizing the frame of the video image in the analog format and in the control position to produce the digitized control frame; and

wherein the step of producing the digitized changed frame further comprises;

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in ana analog format;

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position; and

digitizing the frame of the video image in the analog format and in the changed position to produce the digitized control frame.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of producing the digitized control frame further comprises:

taking a image via a still frame camera of the individual'"'"'s face in the control position to produce a still frame image in a digital format thereby producing the digitized control frame; and

wherein the step of producing the digitized changed frame further comprises;

taking a image via a still frame camera of the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position to produce a still frame image in a digital format thereby producing the digitized changed frame.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of producing the digitized control frame further comprises:

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'face in an analog format and outputting the video images of the individual'"'"'s face in the analog format;

recording the video images in the analog format outputted via the video camera on a video medium in an analog format;

playing back the video images recorded on the video medium for outputting the video images in the analog format;

grabbing a frame of the video images int he analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the control position; and

digitizing the frame of the individual'"'"'s face in the control position to produce the digitized control frame; and

wherein the step of producing the digitized changed frame further comprises;

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format and outputting the video images of the individual'"'"'s face in the analog format;

recording the video images in the analog format outputted via the video camera on a video medium in an analog format;

playing back the video images recorded on the video medium for outputting the video images in the analog format; and

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position; and

digitizing the frame of the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position to produce the digitized changed frame.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein, prior to the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame, the method further comprises:

equalizing the digitized control frame to produce an equalized digitized control frame having an average intensity throughout and with a predetermined distribution of pixel intensity variations;

equalizing the digitized changed frame to produce an equalized digitized changed frame having an average intensity throughout and with a predetermined distribution of pixel intensity variations.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame further comprises:

subtracting out the common areas of pixel values between the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame to produce a digitized compare frame.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

counting the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level to provide the indication of shape changes over the defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face from the control position to the changed position.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

designating a control area of interest in the digitized compare frame; and

counting the pixels having a brightness value above the predetermined threshold level in the area of interest.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame, is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

designating a control area of interest in the digitized compare frame;

designating a changed area of interest in the digitized compare frame; and

counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level in the control level in the control area of interest and counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level in the changed area of interest to provide the indication of shape changes over the defined surface area in the control area of interest with respect to the changed area of interest.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

enhancing all of the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness level above a predetermined value whereby all of the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined value appear to be more bright.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

replacing all of the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value below a predetermined threshold level with a substantially null value and enhancing the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level whereby the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value above the predetermined threshold level appear more bright.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with each of the digitized changed frame further comprises producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame being produced as a result of the comparison of the digitized control frame with one of the digitized changed frames, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

enhancing all of the pixels in each of the digitized compare frames having a brightness level above a predetermined value whereby all of the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined value appear to be more bright.

13. A method for detecting and quantifying facial motion of at least a portion of an individual'"'"'s face comprising:

producing a plurality of digitized frames of the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is moved from one position to another position as a result substantially of facial musculature movements of the individual and designating one of the digitized frames as a digitized control frame and the remaining digitized frames as digitized changed frames; and

comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame to determine the shape changes over a defined surface area for each comparison, with each of the determined shape changes over the defined surface area being indicative of shape changes over the defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face between the digitized changed frame compared with the digitized control frame.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of producing the digitized frames further comprises:

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face as it is being moved from one position to another position to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format;

grabbing a plurality of frames of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is being moved from one position to another position; and

digitizing each of the frames to produce the digitized frames with one of the digitized frames being designated the digitized control frame.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of producing the digitized frames including the digitized control frame further comprises:

taking a plurality of images via a still camera of the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is being moved from one position to another position to produce a still frame image in a digital format thereby producing the digitized frames including the digitized control frame.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of producing the digitized frames including the digitized control frame further comprises:

videoing using the video camera the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is moved from one position to another position to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format and outputting the video images of the individual'"'"'s face in the analog format;

recording the video images in the analog format outputting via the video camera on a video medium in an analog format;

playing back the video images recorded on the video medium for outputting the video images in the analog format; and

grabbing a plurality of frames of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is being moved from one position to another position; and

digitizing the frames of the individual'"'"'s face to produce the digitized frames including the digitized control frame.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein, prior to the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame, the method further comprises:

equalizing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frames to produce a digitized control frame and digitized changed frames with each having an average intensity throughout and with a predetermined distribution of pixel intensity variations.

18. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with each of the digitized changed frame further comprises producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame being produced as a result of the comparison of the digitized control frame with one of the digitized changed frames, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

designating a control area of interest in each of the digitized compare frame;

counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined level in each of the areas of interest.

19. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with each of the digitized changed frame further comprises producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame being produced as a result of the comparison of the digitized control frame with one of the digitized changed frames, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

replacing all of the pixels in each digitized compare frame having a brightness value below a predetermined threshold level with a substantially null value and enhancing the pixels in each of the digitized compare frames having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level whereby the pixels in each of the digitized compare frames having a brightness value above the predetermined threshold level appear more bright.

20. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame is further defined as producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame resulting from the comparison of one of the digitized changed frames with the digitized control frame, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

counting the pixels in each digitized compare frame having a brightness value of above a predetermined threshold level.

21. The method of claim 20 further comprising:

plotting the number of pixels counted in each digitized compare frame in sequence as a function of time to provide the indication of shape changes over the defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face.

22. A method for detecting facial motion of an individual'"'"'s face comprising:

producing a digitized frame of the individual'"'"'s face in a referenced position of the individual'"'"'s face, identified as a digitized control frame;

producing a digitized frame of the individual'"'"'s face in a moved position of the individual'"'"'s face identified as a digitized changed frame wherein the moved position is produced substantially by facial musculature movements of the individual; and

comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame to determine shape changes over a defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face from the control position to the changed position.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of producing the digitized control frame further comprises:

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format;

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the control position; and

digitizing the frame of the video image in the analog format and in the control position to produce the digitized control frame; and

wherein the step of producing the digitized changed frame further comprises;

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in ana analog format;

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position; and

digitizing the frame of the video image in the analog format and in the changed position to produce the digitized control frame.

24. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of producing the digitized control frame further comprises:

taking a image via a still frame camera of the individual'"'"'s face in the control position to produce a still frame image in a digital format thereby producing the digitized control frame; and

wherein the step of producing the digitized changed image further comprises;

taking a image via a still frame camera of the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position to produce a still frame image in a digital format thereby producing the digitized changed frame.

25. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of producing the digitized control frame further comprises:

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format and outputting the video images of the individual'"'"'s face in the analog format;

recording the video images in the analog format outputted via the video camera on a video medium in an analog format;

playing back the video images recorded on the video media for outputting the video images in the analog format;

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the control position; and

digitizing the frame of the individual'"'"'s face in the control position to produce the digitized control frame; and

wherein the step of producing the digitized changed frame further comprises;

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format and outputting the video images of the individual'"'"'s face in the analog format;

recording the video images in the analog format outputted via the video camera on a video medium in an analog format;

playing back the video images recorded on the video media for outputting the video images in the analog format; and

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position; and

digitizing the frame of the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position to produce the digitized changed frame.

26. The method of claim 22 wherein, prior to the step of comparing the digitized control image with the digitized changed image, the method further comprises:

equalizing the digitized control frame to produce an equalized digitized control frame having an average intensity throughout and with a predetermined distribution of pixel intensity variations;

equalizing the digitized changed frame to produce an equalized digitized changed frame having an average intensity throughout and with a predetermined distribution of pixel intensity variations.

27. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame further comprises:

subtracting out the common areas of pixel values between the digitized control image and the digitized changed frame to produce a digitized compare frame.

28. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

counting the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level to provide the indication of shape changes over the defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face from the control position to the changed position.

29. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

designating a control area of interest in the digitized compare frame; and

counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level in the area of interest.

30. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame, is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

designating a control area of interest in the digitized compare frame;

designating a changed area of interest in the digitized compare frame; and

counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level in the control level in the control area of interest and counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level in the changed area of interest to provide the indication of shape changes over the defined surface area in the control area of interest with respect to the changed area of interest.

31. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

enhancing all of the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness level above a predetermined value whereby all of the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined value appear to be more bright.

32. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

replacing all of the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value below a predetermined threshold level with a substantially null value and enhancing the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level whereby the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value above the predetermined threshold level appear more bright.

33. A method for detecting facial motion of an individual'"'"'s face comprising:

performing via the individual at least one of the following movements;

(1) raising eyebrows from a rest position to a raised position, (2) smiling from a rest position to a smiled position, (3) closing the eyes from a rest position to a fully closed position of the eyes and (4) wrinkling the nose from a rest position to a fully wrinkled position;

producing a digitized frame of the individual'"'"'s face in a control position wherein the individual'"'"'s face is at rest, identified as a digitized control frame;

producing a digitized frame of the individual'"'"'s face when the individual'"'"'s face is positioned in at least one of the following moved positions;

(1) raised eyebrows, (2) smiling, (3) eyes closed, and (4) wrinkled nose and identifying that digitized frame as a digitized changed frame where the moved positions are produced substantially by facial musculature movements of the individual; and

comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame to determine shape changes over a defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face from the control position to the changed position.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of producing the digitized control frame further comprises:

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format;

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the control position; and

digitizing the frame of the video image in the analog format and in the control position to produce the digitized control frame; and

wherein the step of producing the digitized changed frame further comprises;

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format;

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position; and

digitizing the frame of the video image in the analog format and in the changed position to produce the digitized control frame.

35. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of producing the digitized control image further comprises:

taking a image via a still frame camera of the individual'"'"'s face in the control position to produce a still frame image in a digital format thereby producing the digitized control frame; and

wherein the step of producing the digitized changed frame further comprises;

taking a image via a still frame camera of the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position to produce a still frame image in a digital format thereby producing the digitized changed frame.

36. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of producing the digitized control frame further comprises:

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format and outputting the video images of the individual'"'"'s face in the analog format;

recording the video images in the analog format outputted via the video camera on a video medium in an analog format;

playing back the video images recorded on the video medium for outputting the video images in the analog format;

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the control position; and

digitizing the frame of the individual'"'"'s face in the control position to produce the digitized control frame; and

wherein the step of producing the digitized changed frame further comprises;

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format and outputting the video images of the individual'"'"'s face in the analog format;

recording the video images in the analog format outputted via the video camera on a video medium in an analog format;

playing back the video images recorded on the video medium for outputting the video images in the analog format; and

grabbing a frame of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position; and

digitizing the frame of the individual'"'"'s face in the changed position to produce the digitized changed frame.

37. The method of claim 33 wherein, prior to the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame, the method further comprises:

equalizing the digitized control frame to produce an equalized digitized control frame having an average intensity throughout and with a predetermined distribution of pixel intensity variations;

equalizing the digitized changed frame to produce an equalized digitized changed frame having an average intensity throughout and with a predetermined distribution of pixel intensity variations.

38. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame further comprises:

subtracting out the common areas of pixel values between the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame to produce a digitized compare frame.

39. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

counting the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level to provide the indication of shape changes over the defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face from the control position to the changed position.

40. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

designating a control area of interest in the digitized compare frame; and

counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level in the area of interest.

41. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame, is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

designating a control area of interest in the digitized compare frame;

designating a changed area of interest in the digitized compare frame; and

counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level in the control level in the control area of interest and counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level in the changed area of interest to provide the indication of shape changes over the defined surface area in the control area of interest with respect to the changed area of interest.

42. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises;

enhancing all of the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness level above a predetermined value whereby all of the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined value appear to be more bright.

43. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame is further defined as producing a digitized compare frame, and wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame further comprises:

replacing all of the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value below a predetermined threshold level with a substantially null value and enhancing the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level whereby the pixels in the digitized compare frame having a brightness value above the predetermined threshold level appear more bright.

44. A method for detecting facial movements of an individual'"'"'s face comprising:

performing via the individual at least one of the following movements;

(1) raising eyebrows from a rest position to a raised position, (2) smiling from a rest position to a smiled position, (3) closing the eyes from a rest position to a fully closed position of the eyes, and (4) wrinkling the nose from a rest position to a fully wrinkled position;

producing a plurality of digitized frames of the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is moved from one position to another position to moved positions and designating one of the digitized images as a digitized control frame and the remaining digitized frames as digitized changed frames where the moved positions are produced substantially by facial musculatures movements of the individual; and

comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame to determine shape changes over a defined surface area for each comparison, with each of the determined shape changes over the defined surface area being indicative of shape changes over the defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face between digitized changed frame compared with the digitized control frame.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein the step of producing the digitized frames further comprises:

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face as it is being moved from one position to another position to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format;

grabbing a plurality of frames of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is being moved from one position to another position; and

digitizing each of the frames to produce the digitized frames with one of the digitized frames being designated the digitized control frame.

46. The method of claim 44 wherein the step of producing the digitized frames including the digitized control frame further comprises:

taking a plurality of images via a still camera of the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is being moved from one position to another position to produce a still frame image in a digital format thereby producing the digitized frames including the digitized control frame.

47. The method of claim 44 wherein the step of producing the digitized frames including the digitized control frame further comprises:

videoing using the video camera the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is moved from one position to another position to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format and outputting the video images of the individual'"'"'s face in the analog format;

recording the video images in the analog format outputting via the video camera on a video medium in an analog format;

playing back the video images recorded on the video medium for outputting the video images in the analog format; and

grabbing a plurality of frames of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is being moved from one position to another position; and

digitizing the frames of the individual'"'"'s face to produce the digitized frames including the digitized control frame.

48. The method of claim 44 wherein, prior to the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame, the method further comprises:

equalizing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frames to produce a digitized control frame and digitized changed frames with each having an average intensity throughout and with a predetermined distribution of pixel intensity variations.

49. The method of claim 44 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with each of the digitized changed frame further comprises producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame being produced as a result of the comparison of the digitized control frame with one of the digitized changed frames, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

designating a control area of interest in each of the digitized compare frame;

counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined level in each of the areas of interest.

50. The method of claim 44 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with each of the digitized changed frame further comprises producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame being produced as a result of the comparison of the digitized control frame with one of the digitized changed frames, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

enhancing all of the pixels in each of the digitized compare frames having a brightness level above a predetermined value whereby all of the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined value appear to be more bright.

51. The method of claim 44 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with each of the digitized changed frame further comprises producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame being produced as a result of the comparison of the digitized control frame with one of the digitized changed frames, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

replacing all of the pixels in each digitized compare frame having a brightness value below a predetermined threshold level with a substantially null value and enhancing the pixels in each of the digitized compare frames having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level whereby the pixels in each of the digitized compare frames having a brightness value above the predetermined threshold level appear more bright.

52. The method of claim 44 wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame is further defined as producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame resulting from the comparison of one of the digitized changed frames with the digitized control frame, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

counting the pixels in each digitized compare frame having a brightness value of above a predetermined threshold level.

53. The method of claims 52 further comprising:

plotting the number of pixels counted in each digitized compare frame in sequence as a function of time to provide the indication of shape changes over the defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face.

54. A method for detecting facial motion of an individual'"'"'s face comprising:

producing a plurality of digitized frames of the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is moved from one position to another position, a moved position, and designating one of the digitized images as a digitized control frame and the remaining digitized frames as digitized changed frames where the moved positions are produced substantially by facial musculature movements of the individual; and

comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame to determine shape changes over a defined surface area for each comparison, with each of the determined shape changes over the defined surface area being indicative of shape changes over the defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face between the digitized changed frame compared with the digitized control frame.

55. The method of claim 54 wherein the step of producing the digitized frames further comprises:

videoing using a video camera the individual'"'"'s face as it is being moved from one position to another position to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format;

grabbing a plurality of frames of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is being moved from one position to another position; and

digitizing each of the frames to produce the digitized frames with one of the digitized frames being designated the digitized control frame.

56. The method of claim 54 wherein the step of producing the digitized frames including the digitized control frame further comprises:

taking a plurality of images via a still camera of the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is being moved from one position to another position to produce a still frame image in a digital format thereby producing the digitized frames including the digitized control frame.

57. The method of claim 54 wherein the step of producing the digitized frames including the digitized control frame further comprises:

videoing using the video camera the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is moved from one position to another position to produce video images of the individual'"'"'s face in an analog format and outputting the video images of the individual'"'"'s face in the analog format;

recording the video images in the analog format outputting via the video camera on a video medium in an analog format;

playing back the video images recorded on the video medium for outputting the video images in the analog format; and

grabbing a plurality of frames of the video images in the analog format showing the individual'"'"'s face as the individual'"'"'s face is being moved from one position to another position; and

digitizing the frames of the individual'"'"'s face to produce the digitized frames including the digitized control frame.

58. The method of claim 54 wherein, prior to the step of comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame, the method further comprises:

equalizing the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frames to produce a digitized control frame and digitized changed frames with each having an average intensity throughout and with a predetermined distribution of pixel intensity variations.

59. The method of claim 54 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with each of the digitized changed frame further comprises producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame being produced as a result of the comparison of the digitized control frame with one of the digitized changed frames, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

designating a control area of interest in each of the digitized compare frame;

counting the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined level in each of the areas of interest.

60. The method of claim 54 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with each of the digitized changed frame further comprises producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame being produced as a result of the comparison of the digitized control frame with one of the digitized changed frames, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

enhancing all of the pixels in each of the digitized compare frames having a brightness level above a predetermined value whereby all of the pixels having a brightness value above a predetermined value appear to be more bright.

61. The method of claim 54 wherein the step of comparing the digitized control frame with each of the digitized changed frame further comprises producing a plurality of digitized compare frames with each digitized compare frame being produced as a result of the comparison of the digitized control frame with one of the digitized changed frames, and wherein the step of comparing each digitized changed frame with the digitized control frame further comprises:

replacing all of the pixels in each digitized compare frame having a brightness value below a predetermined threshold level with a substantially null value and enhancing the pixels in each of the digitized compare frames having a brightness value above a predetermined threshold level whereby the pixels in each of the digitized compare frames having a brightness value above the predetermined threshold level appear more bright.

62. A method for detecting motion of an individual'"'"'s face comprising:

producing a digitized frame of of the individual'"'"'s face and designating a part of the digitized frame as a digitized control frame and one other part of the frame as digitized changed frame; and

comparing the digitized control frame with the digitized changed frame and determining shape changes over a defined surface area of the individual'"'"'s face from the digitized control frame to the digitized changed frame where the shape changes between the digitized control frame and the digitized changed frame substantially are produced by facial muscular movements of the individual.