Multilayer film for tamper indication by use of optical interference reflection

• US 5,149,578 A
• Filed: 12/23/1991
• Issued: 09/22/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 12/26/1989
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company (Dow, Inc.)
• Inventors: Wheatley, John A., Schrenk, Walter J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Robinson, Ellis P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Watkins, III, William P.
• Application Number:
  US07/814,237
• Time in Patent Office: 274 Days
• Field of Search: 359/359, 359/586, 359/584, 359/587, 359/588, 215/246, 53/442, 206/807, 428/131, 428/156, 428/212, 428/213, 428/215, 428/423.1, 428/480, 428/913, 428/916, 428/918, 428/515, 428/516
• US Class Current: 428/213
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 7/023 Optical properties
• CPC Class Codes: B65D 55/026 initial opening or unauthorised access being indicated by a visual change using indicators other than tearable means, e.g. change of colour, pattern or opacity B65D55/066 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/287 comprising at least one layer of organic material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 206/807 Tamper proof
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/913 Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/916 Fraud or tamper detecting
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/918 Material abnormally transparent
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24273 including aperture
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24479 including variation in thickness
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24942 including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2495 Thickness [relative or absolute]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24967 Absolute thicknesses specified
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31551 Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31786 Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31909 Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31913 Monoolefin polymer

Abstract

A multilayer film including contiguous layers of two or more diverse thermoplastic materials of differing refractive indices whereby the film retains a permanent color change as evidence of tampering or an attempt at tampering when the yield point of at least one of the diverse materials has been at least equalled by the strain associated with such tampering or with such an attempt at tampering, and where before such yield point is at least equalled the wavelength of an unsuppressed reflectance of normally incident light is not within the visible spectrum while after such yielded point is at least equalled the reflectance is retained in the visible spectrum.

Claims

1. A multilayer optical interference film comprised of contiguous layers of two or more diverse thermoplastic materials of differing refractive indices whereby the film retains a permanent visual color change as evidence of tampering or an attempt at tampering when the yield point of at least one of the diverse materials has been at least equalled by the strain associated with such tampering or with such an attempt at tampering, and where before such yield point is at least equalled the wavelength of an unsuppressed reflectance of normally incident light is not within the visible spectrum while after such yield point is at least equalled the reflectance is retained in the visible spectrum to provide a permanent visual color change.

2. A film as defined in claim 1, wherein the film will rupture with a degree of additional strain before the permanent color change is lost.

3. A film as defined in claim 1, wherein the refractive index corresponding to a layer of each of the two or more materials differs from the refractive indices of immediately adjacent layers by about 0.03 or greater.

4. A film as defined in claim 1, consisting essentially of at least one period of layers of two diverse thermoplastic materials A and B in an ABAB-type layer order, and having average layer thicknesses d_A and d_B, respectively, wherein A possesses a refractive index n_A and B a refractive index n_B, and further wherein the ratio ##EQU5## is equal to about 0.5.

5. A film as defined in claim 4, wherein a substantial majority of said layers of said two diverse thermoplastic materials A and B have an optical thickness substantially of about 0.17 μ

m or greater before being strained by tampering or an attempt at tampering.

6. A film as defined in claim 1, further including outer skin layers which are substantially transparent to visible light.

7. A film as defined in claim 1, consisting essentially of at least one series of layers of three diverse thermoplastic materials A, B and C in an ABCB-type layer order, and having average layer thicknesses d_A, d_B and d_C, respectively, wherein A possesses a higher refractive index n_A, B an intermediate refractive index n_B, and C a lesser refractive index n_C, and wherein:

the ratio ##EQU6## has a value of about 1/3;

the ratio ##EQU7## has a value of about 1/6;

the ratio ##EQU8## has a value of about 1/3, and

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">n.sub.B ≅

√

n.sub.A n.sub.C.

8. A film as defined in claim 7, wherein a substantial majority of the layers of A, B and C have an optical thickness substantially of about 0.09 μ

m or greater before being strained by tampering or an attempt at tampering.

9. A film as defined in claim 7, wherein A, B and C respectively are a polystyrene of refractive index n_A of about 1.59, a styrene-methylmethacrylate copolymer of refractive index n_B of about 1.54, and a polymethylmethacrylate with a refractive index n_C of about 1.49.

10. A film as defined in claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the film is reduced at one or more locations.

11. A film as defined in claim 10, wherein the film has been perforated at one or more locations.

12. A film as defined in claim 1, wherein the highest and lowest refractive indices corresponding to said contiguous layers of said two or more diverse thermoplastic materials differ by about 0.03 or greater.

13. A tamper evident, tamper resistant packaging material which includes a film as defined in claim 1.

14. A packaging material as defined in claim 13 which is heat-shrinkable.

15. An item which has been at least partially packaged within a film as defined in claim 1, and wherein the film has been joined to two portions of the item which are movable with respect to one another.

16. An item which comprises a membrane seal, wherein the membrane seal consists essentially of a multilayer film as defined in claim 1.

17. A method of protecting the contents of a container from adulteration and for otherwise ensuring the integrity and authenticity of such contents, including the step of wrapping the container in its entirety or in significant part with the tamper evident, tamper resistant packaging material of claim 13.