Dual or single voltage vehicular power supply with improved switch driver and load dump

• US 5,166,538 A
• Filed: 09/19/1990
• Issued: 11/24/1992
• Est. Priority Date: 12/15/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Peter Norton
• Original Assignee: Peter Norton
• Inventors: Norton, Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): IP, SHIK LUEN PAUL
• Application Number:
  US07/585,582
• Time in Patent Office: 797 Days
• Field of Search: 307/9.1, 307/10.1, 307/10.8, 307/40, 307/43, 307/75, 307/87, 322/40, 322/90, 322/28, 322/59, 320/15, 320/17, 320/39, 320/61, 363/160, 363/161, 363/164, 363/165
• US Class Current: 307/10.1
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1438 in combination with power supplies for loads other than batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/155 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 2101/45 for motor vehicles, e.g. car alternators
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/307 more than one voltage output
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A dual voltage power supply is disclosed for vehicles equipped with a DC generator, a single storage battery, a low voltage load circuit including the storage battery, and a high voltage load circuit including load devices designed to be powered by voltages higher than the battery voltage. At times when higher voltage power is required a low voltage regulator that includes a high current semiconductor switch converts power at the generator output voltage to power at a lower voltage for charging the battery and supplying the low voltage load circuit. There is a single voltage mode of operation when higher voltage power is not required in which the alternator is regulated to supply power at the voltage required by the low voltage load circuit and the high current semiconductor switch is held in its closed state to directly connect the generator output with the low voltage load circuit. The low voltage regulator is a switching DC to DC voltage converter with an N channel mosfet power transistor switch controlled by an improved driver circuit. The driver circuit has a floating totem pole output and a capacitively coupled input and is assisted by a pull down circuit and current from a low current supply. An input accepts a signal controlling whether the system operates in dual or single voltage mode. One or more transient absorbing semiconductors and a circuit for rapidly decreasing rotor current limit the duration of alternator overvoltage.

Claims

1. In a vehicle electrical system of the type including a DC generator, a storage battery having a rated voltage, a first load circuit including said storage battery and one or more load devices designed to be powered by electricity at a voltage in a first voltage range corresponding to the rated voltage of the battery, and a second load circuit including one or more load devices designed to be powered by electricity at a voltage in a second voltage range substantially higher than the rated voltage of said battery, a first regulator comprising a first switch having a control element and having an input coupled with an output of said DC generator and having an output coupled with said first load circuit, the improvement comprising:

means for providing a mode signal,

and control means responsive to said mode signal for controlling said first regulator to operate in a first mode, for converting DC power from said DC generator at a voltage in said second voltage range to DC power at a voltage in said first voltage range and to supply said converted power to said first load circuit, or in a second mode for maintaining a constant direct connection between said alternator and said first load circuit.

2. The invention as defined by claim 1 wherein:

said direct connection is achieved by controlling said first switch to close and remain closed during operation in said second mode.

3. A circuit for driving a power transistor, in accordance with a control signal, said power transistor having a control electrode and first and second power electrodes,

said circuit comprising an inverter, said inverter having an input terminal, an output terminal, and first and second power supply terminals,

said circuit also comprising a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a diode,

said output terminal of said inverter being connected with said control electrode,

said second power supply terminal of said inverter being connected with said second power electrode,

said first capacitor being connected between said first and second power supply terminals of said inverter,

said diode having a first terminal connected with a first source of voltage and having a second terminal connected with said first power supply terminal of said inverter,

and said second capacitor having a first terminal connected with said control signal and a second terminal connected with said input terminal of said inverter.

4. The invention as defined by claim 3 including a current conduction means connected in parallel with said second capacitor.

5. The invention as defined by claim 4 wherein said current conduction means is a resistor.

6. The invention as defined by claim 4 wherein said current conduction means is also connected with said second power supply terminal of said inverter for conducting current between said input terminal of said inverter and said second power supply terminal of said inverter when the voltage at said first terminal of said second capacitor is less than the voltage at said input terminal of said inverter.

7. The invention as defined by claim 3 including,

a zener diode having a first terminal connected with said second power supply terminal of said inverter and a second terminal connected with said input terminal of said inverter.

8. The invention as defined by claim 3 including,

a second source of voltage, and

a current conduction means connected between said second source of voltage and said first power supply terminal of said inverter.

9. The invention as defined by claim 8 wherein said current conduction means comprises a resistor.

10. The invention as defined by claim 8 wherein said current conduction means conducts current at a rate that is substantially independent of the voltage across said current conductio means.

11. The invention as defined by claim 3 wherein,

said inverter comprises an N-channel power transistor and a P-channel power transistor each having gate, drain, and source electrodes,

said gate electrode of said N-channel power transistor and said gate electrode of said P-channel power transistor are connected together and are connected with said input terminal of said inverter,

said drain electrode of said N-channel power transistor and said drain electrode of said P-channel power transistor are connected together and are connected with said output terminal of said inverter,

said source electrode of said N-channel power transistor is connected with one of said power supply terminals of said inverter, and

said source electrode of said P-channel power transistor is connected with the other one of said poer supply terminals of said inverter.

15. The invention as defined by claim 3 including,

current conduction means responsive to a voltage level between said first terminal and said second terminal of said second capacitor by conducting, and

said current conduction means being connected with said control electrode.

16. The invention as defined by claim 15 wherein,

said current conduction means comprises the series combination of a switching transistor and a resistor connected with said control electrode, and

said switching transistor being responsive to said voltage level between said first terminal and said second terminal of said second capacitor by turning on.

17. The invention as defined by claim 15 wherein,

said current conduction means comprises a bipolar transistor for conducting current between said control electrode and said second power electrode.

12. In a vehicle electrical system of the type including a DC generator for producing an output voltage,

said DC generator having a magnetic flux generating means energized by DC current,

a freewheeling diode connected in series with said flux generating means for conducting said DC current at certain times, the improvement comprising:

voltage sensing means for sensing when the output voltage of said generator is excessive and generating an overvoltage signal indicating excessive output voltage,

means responsive to said overvoltage signal by impeding the flow of current through the series combination of said freewheeling diode and said flux generating means.

13. The invention as defined by claim 12 wherein,

said means responsive to said overvoltage signal comprises a parallel combination of a switching means and a current flow impeding means,

said switching means being responsive to said overvoltage signal by turning off.

14. The invention as defined by claim 13 wherein said current flow impeding means comprises a diode.