Method for broadcasting of digital data, notably for radio broadcasting at high throughput rate towards mobile receivers, with time frequency interlacing and analog synchronization

• US 5,191,576 A
• Filed: 10/17/1991
• Issued: 03/02/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 11/18/1988
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: L'Etat Francais and Telediffusion de France SA
• Original Assignee: L'Etat Francais and Telediffusion de France SA
• Inventors: Pommier, Daniel, LeFloch, Bernard
• Primary Examiner(s): Safourek, Benedict V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HSU, ALPUS
• Application Number:
  US07/777,463
• Time in Patent Office: 502 Days
• Field of Search: 370/18, 370/19, 370/21, 370/23, 370/50, 370/69.1, 370/70, 370/100.1, 370/101, 370/105.4, 370/105.5, 370/111, 375/38, 375/40, 375/58, 375/60, 375/99, 375/101, 375/107, 375/108, 375/111, 375/112, 375/113, 455/50, 455/54, 455/59, 455/63, 358/12, 358/142, 358/143, 381/2, 381/13, 381/14, 371/43, 371/46
• US Class Current: 370/312
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/57 for mobile receivers
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 2201/20 digital audio broadcasting [DAB]
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 40/27 specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0614 the synchronising signal being characterised by the amplitude, duration or polarity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0059 Convolutional codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0071 Use of interleaving interleaving per se H03M13/27
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2602 Signal structure
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2656 Frame synchronisation, e.g. packet synchronisation, time division duplex [TDD] switching point detection or subframe synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/023 Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals multicarrier modulation H04L27/2601

Abstract

A method for the diffusion of digital data designed to be received notably by mobile receivers moving in an urban environment, that is, in the presence of stray signals and jamming, and in conditions of multiple propagation (Rayleigh process) providing an optimized mode of setting up the frame structure of the broadcast signal, so as to derive the maximum benefit from the resistance of the system to pulsed stray signals and to jamming. The header of each frame has a first empty synchronization symbol and eventually a second, unmodulated wobbled signal forming a two-stage analog synchronization system. So, the recovery of synchronization is achieved in an analog way, without prior extraction of a clock signal at the binary level. The constitution of the sequence of the useful symbols in the frame results from temporal and sequential interlacing operations, combined to obtain an implicit de-interlacing at the receiver. The empty symbol may be further used for the extraction of the jamming affecting the transmission channel.

Claims

1. A method for the broadcasting and receiving digital data consisting of a source of binary elements comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of orthogonal frequency carriers;

convolutively coding said source binary elements to form a series of data elements;

temporally interlacing said series of data elements by selectively delaying at least some of said data elements of the series, no two adjacent data elements in said series being delayed by the same amount;

grouping said temporally interlaced series of data elements in data symbols;

grouping said data symbols in frames of symbols, each frame of symbols beginning with a frame header;

inserting in said frame header a first analog synchronization symbol formed by an interval of silence, said interval of silence having the duration of a data symbol;

frequentially interlacing said data elements by selectively modulating said plurality of orthogonal frequency carriers with the data elements of data symbol, each of said data elements being associated with only one of said frequency carriers;

simultaneously broadcasting all of said modulated frequency carriers, the temporal and frequential interlacing effectively preventing any two adjacent data elements in said series of data elements from being broadcast successively in time on a same frequency carrier

receiving the broadcast modulated orthogonal frequency carriers;

detecting an envelope of said first analog synchronization symbol of the header in each of said frames;

setting off a time base for receiver synchronization upon detection of said envelope of said first analog synchronization symbol;

demodulating at least some of said frequency carriers of each of said data symbols to form demodulated data elements;

frequentially de-interlacing said demodulated data elements;

temporally de-interlacing said demodulated data elements; and

decoding said frequentially and temporally de-interlaced data elements.

2. A method according to claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

inserting in said frame header a second analog synchronization symbol, said second analog synchronization symbol being formed by an unmodulated multiplex of said plurality of orthogonal frequency carriers, each of said frequency carriers being unmodulated, said second synchronization symbol having the duration of a symbol of the frame;

detecting an envelope of said second analog synchronization symbol; and

analyzing said second synchronization symbol so as to reset said time base.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said frequentially interlacing step of selectively modulating said orthogonal frequency carriers is accomplished by using a differential modulation method,

wherein said step of simultaneously broadcasting includes locking each of said orthogonal frequency carriers into a distinct reference phase,

and wherein said step of inserting a second analog synchronization symbol includes the step of associating a phase to each of said unmodulated orthogonal frequency carriers of said second analog synchronization symbol, said associated phase being correlated to said distinct reference phases of said locked orthogonal frequency carriers.

4. A method according to claim 1 wherein said step of frequentially interlacing includes the steps of

associating an indice with each of said orthogonal frequency carriers;

and

shuffling said indices of said orthogonal frequency carriers according to a reversible deterministic function maximizing the dispersal of the frequency carriers associated with adjacent data elements of said series of data elements.

5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said step of shuffling the indices comprises the steps of:

binary encoding each of said indices; and

applying a function of the bit inversion type to each of the binary encoded indices, said function of the bit inversion type consisting of reading from right to left a binary encoded indice written from left to right.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein said convolutively coding step comprises the steps of:

forming packets consisting of a set of consecutive elements from said source of binary elements; and

forming said data elements by associating said binary elements two by two in each packet according to a criterion of maximization of dispersal of the adjacent binary elements in said source.

7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said step of forming data elements two by two comprises the steps of:

splitting each of said packets into two half-packets; and

pairing the binary elements having the same order in each of said half-packets, the order of a binary element referring to the position of the binary elements in said half-packets.

8. A method according to claim 1, wherein said step of temporally interlacing includes the steps of:

providing an index for each of the data elements, and

applying a delay to each data element, the value of each of said delays being determined by an application of a reversible delay function of the index of the data element, and

wherein said temporally de-interlacing step includes the step of

applying a complementary delay value to each data element, the complementary delay value being determined so that the adding of said delay value to said complementary delay value is equal to the depth of the temporal interlacing, said depth of the temporal interlacing being the maximum value which can be applied by said reversible delay function.

9. A method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of inserting a time delay between each of said symbols of each frame, the duration of said time delay being in the time interval between T_s /20 and T_s /3, where T_s is the duration of a symbol of the frame, so that any echo effects are absorbed and the intersymbol interference phenomenon is limited.

10. A method according to claim 2 wherein the detecting step further comprises a jamming extraction process including the steps of:

spectrally analyzing said first analog synchronization symbol formed by an interval of silence on the frequency spectrum covered by said plurality of orthogonal frequency carriers;

identifying the frequency carriers affected by said jamming; and

correcting the data elements carried by said frequency carriers affected by said jamming.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein said step of spectrally analyzing includes a step of temporally filtering and a step of frequentially filtering, said filtering steps providing for a smoothing of the results of the analysis on the spectrum covered by said plurality of orthogonal frequency carriers.

12. A method according to claim 10 wherein said step of decoding the de-interlaced data elements is accomplished according to a maximum likelihood algorithm, and

wherein said step of correcting the binary elements carried by said frequency carriers affected by said jamming includes the steps of:

detecting the broadcast power of said jamming affecting each of said orthogonal frequency carriers; and

controlling the weighting of said maximum likelihood algorithm by means of the broadcast power detected in each of said orthogonal frequency carriers.

13. A method according to claim 10, wherein said step of spectrally analyzing is achieved by performing a discrete Fourier transform on said first analog synchronization symbol.