Apparatus for remote analysis of vehicle emissions
DCFirst Claim
1. A gas analysis device for detecting and measuring levels of gases in the exhaust of moving motor vehicles in the ambient atmosphere selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and water vapor levels, said device comprising:
- a. source means for producing collimated infrared and ultraviolet radiation and transmitting such radiation through a portion of said motor vehicle exhaust;
b. means for splitting said infrared and ultra-violet radiation into separate infrared and ultraviolet beams;
c. means for receiving said ultraviolet beam and generating a first electrical signal indicative of the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by nitrogen oxides in said exhaust;
d. means for splitting said infrared beam into at least two separate infrared beam components;
e. means for receiving a first infrared beam component and generating a second electrical signal indicative of the absorption of said infrared beam by carbon dioxide in said exhaust;
f. means for receiving a second infrared beam component and generating at least a third electrical signal therefrom indicative of the absorption of said infrared beam by gases in said exhaust selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and water vapor; and
g. means responsive to said electrical signals for computing and producing output signals indicative of the amount of gases selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and water in the path of said collimated infrared and ultraviolet radiation in said exhaust.
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Abstract
A gas analysis device for the remote detecting, measuring and recording of NOx, CO, CO2, HC and H2 O levels from the exhaust of moving motor vehicles. It utilizes a source of collimated infrared and ultraviolet radiation and includes a mechanism for receiving and measuring the infrared and ultraviolet radiation from its source, and another mechanism for measuring background infrared and ultraviolet radiation levels in the ambient atmosphere. The receiving mechanism splits the combined infrared and ultraviolet radiation into separate infrared and ultraviolet beams. A mechanism receives the separate ultraviolet beam and generates a signal indicative of NOx. Another mechanism splits the infrared beam into two to four components, and devices are positioned for receiving each of the infrared components and generating two to four signals indicative of, for example, CO, CO2, HC and H2 O. Another associated mechanism then computes and produces signals indicative of the amount of CO, CO2, HC, NOx and H2 O in the path of the infrared and ultraviolet radiation from the source, thereby making it capable of measuring emissions of vehicles. The source and the receiving mechanism are aligned on opposite sides of a roadway, both being at the elevation of the to-be-measured vehicle exhaust. Vehicles traveling on that roadway and passing through the radiation emanating from the source interrupt reception of the beam by the detector, thereby initiating a detection sequence. In one embodiment a visual recording device is positioned for visually recording the vehicle and test results.
132 Citations
18 Claims
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1. A gas analysis device for detecting and measuring levels of gases in the exhaust of moving motor vehicles in the ambient atmosphere selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and water vapor levels, said device comprising:
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a. source means for producing collimated infrared and ultraviolet radiation and transmitting such radiation through a portion of said motor vehicle exhaust; b. means for splitting said infrared and ultra-violet radiation into separate infrared and ultraviolet beams; c. means for receiving said ultraviolet beam and generating a first electrical signal indicative of the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by nitrogen oxides in said exhaust; d. means for splitting said infrared beam into at least two separate infrared beam components; e. means for receiving a first infrared beam component and generating a second electrical signal indicative of the absorption of said infrared beam by carbon dioxide in said exhaust; f. means for receiving a second infrared beam component and generating at least a third electrical signal therefrom indicative of the absorption of said infrared beam by gases in said exhaust selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and water vapor; and g. means responsive to said electrical signals for computing and producing output signals indicative of the amount of gases selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and water in the path of said collimated infrared and ultraviolet radiation in said exhaust. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A gas analysis system for the remote sensing, measuring and recording of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxide and water vapor levels in the exhaust of moving motor vehicles, said system comprising;
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a. means for generating and directing a collimated beam of infrared and ultraviolet radiation across an open space of sufficient size to permit passage of moving vehicles therethrough; b. detector means for receiving said collimated infrared and ultraviolet beam and producing in response thereto a first electrical signal indicative of the absorption of said beam radiation by nitrogen oxides, a second electrical signal indicative of the absorption of said beam radiation by carbon monoxide, a third electrical signal indicative of the absorption of said beam radiation by carbon dioxide, a fourth electrical signal indicative of the absorption of said beam radiation by hydrocarbons, a fifth electrical signal indicative of the absorption of said beam radiation by water, and a sixth electrical signal indicative of the total absorption of said beam radiation in said open space between said beam generating means and said detection means, said beam generating means and said detector means being aligned at a elevation such that a moving vehicles passing through such open space interrupts reception of said collimated beam by said detector means by blocking said beam; c. means responsive to said electrical signals for computing and producing output signals indicative of the amount of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons in the path of said collimated beam in said open space; d. memory storage means for storing said output and signal information prior to beam interruption; e. means for sampling said electrical signals and corresponding output signals for from about 0.1 to about 1.0 second after resumption of collimated beam reception by said detector means; and f. means for correlating and comparing said output signals before and after beam interruption to determine any increase of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and water vapor levels in the open space due to the exhaust of the moving vehicle responsible for beam interruption as well as for calculating and providing ratios of all tested species to carbon dioxide for the exhaust of said vehicles. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18)
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16. The system as claimed in 15, wherein said visual recording means comprises a video camera aligned to record the end portion of said moving vehicle, including any vehicle identification material displayed on said moving vehicle, as said vehicle interrupts the reception of said collimated beam by said detector means.
Specification