Multiple protocol routing

• US 5,251,205 A
• Filed: 09/04/1990
• Issued: 10/05/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 09/04/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Enterasys Networks Incorporated (Extreme Networks, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Digital Equipment Corporation (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Harper, John, Rosen, Eric C., Perlman, Radia J., Callon, Ross W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jung, Min
• Application Number:
  US07/577,437
• Time in Patent Office: 1,127 Days
• Field of Search: 370/94.1, 370/85.13, 370/85.14, 370/60, 370/79, 370/54
• US Class Current: 370/392
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/02 Topology update or discovery
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/03 by updating link state protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/04 Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/52 Multiprotocol routers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols

Abstract

A method for connecting a network so that TCP/IP and OSI 8473 packets may be routed in the same domain. The independence of the addresses is maintained: one device in the network may be assigned only a TCP/IP address, and another device may be assigned only a ISO 8473 address. Furthermore, all of the routers share link state information by using a common link state packet format (such as the ISO 10589 format); thus routes through the network may be computed without regard for the protocols supported by the routers along the route. Where necessary, packets are encapsulated and forwarded through routers which are not capable in the protocol of the packet. In some disclosed embodiments, all of the routers in a given area support a given protocol (or, in fact, have identical capabilities, in which case encapsulation is not required). In these embodiments, the encapsulation is performed by suitable modifications to each router'"'"'s packet forwarding procedures. In other disclosed embodiments, these topological restrictions are removed, and the network is expanded to support additional protocols. In these embodiments, the Dijkstra algorithm is also modified to generate information on how to encapsulate and forward packets through the network.

Claims

1. A method of calculating routes for sending user data packets via information handling devices which forward data packets through a communications network, comprising

including in at least a first and a second user data packet, destination address information conforming to two or more different addressing conventions of two or more different independent protocol suites,

determining routes for said first and said second user data packets using a route calculation algorithm corresponding to a single routing protocol, chosen from an arbitrary protocol suite, regardless of the addressing convention to which the destination address information in said user data packet conforms,

said route being determined using the destination address information in said user data packets without converting said destination address information from the addressing convention to which it forms to another addressing convention.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein there are exactly two said protocol suites.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2 further comprising

sending to said information handling devices link state packets conforming to said routing protocol, and

calculating said route based on information contained in said link state packets.

4. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein said routing protocol comprises OSI IS-IS rotating protocol.

5. A method for calculating routes for sending user data packets via information handling devices which forward data packets through a communications network, said information handling devices including (a) single-protocol information handling devices capable of recognizing and forwardly only user data packets which conform to a single protocol suite, and (b) multi-protocol information handling devices capable of recognizing and forwarding user data packets which conform to any one of two or more protocol suites, comprising

using a routing protocol to automatically predetermine whether to encapsulate a packet, at which information handling devices to encapsulate and to decapsulate said packet, and which protocol to use to encapsulate said packet, wherein

said information handling devices are organized in areas and all of said information handling devices within a single said area are at least capable of recognizing and forwarding user data packets which conform to the same one of said protocol suites.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the one of said protocol suites for which the information handling devices of one of said area are capable differs from the one of said protocol suites for which the information handling devices of another one of said areas are capable.

9. The method of claim 5, 6, 7 or 8 wherein one of said protocol suites comprises the TCP/IP protocol suite and another of said protocol suites comprises the OSI protocol suite.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising

sending to said information handling devices, link state packets conforming to said one of said routing protocols, and

calculating said route based on information contained in said link state packets.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein said routing protocol used to automatically predetermine at which information handling devices to encapsulate and to decapsulate a given packet comprises OSI IS-IS routing protocol.

12. The method of claim 5, 6, 7 or 8 wherein there are exactly two of said protocol suites.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein one of said protocol suites comprises TCP/IP and the other of said protocol suites comprises OSI.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising

sending to said information handling devices, link state packets conforming to said one of said routing protocols, and

calculating said route based on information contained in said link state packets.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein said routing protocol used to automatically predetermine at which information handling devices to encapsulate and to decapsulate a given packet comprises OSI IS-IS routing protocol.

16. The method of claim 12 further comprising

sending to said information handling devices, link state packets conforming to said one of said routing protocols, and

calculating said route based on information contained in said link state packets.

17. The method of claim 12 wherein said routing protocol used to automatically predetermine at which information handling devices to encapsulate and to decapsulate a given packet comprises OSI IS-IS routing protocol.

18. The method of claim 5, 6, 7 or 8 further comprising

sending to said information handling devices, link state packets conforming to said one of said routing protocols, and

calculating said route based on information contained in said link state packets.

19. The method of claim 5, 6, 7 or 8 wherein said routing protocol used to automatically predetermine at which information handling devices to encapsulate and to decapsulate a given packet comprises OSI IS-IS routing protocol.

7. A method for calculating routes for sending user data packets via information handling devices which forward data packets through a communications network, said information handling devices including (a) single-protocol information handling devices capable of recognizing and forwarding only user data packets which conform to a single protocol suite, and (b) multi-protocol information handling devices capable of recognizing and forwarding user data packets which conform to any one of two or more protocol suites, comprising

using a routing protocol to automatically predetermine whether to encapsulate a packet, at which information handling devices to encapsulate and to decapsulate said packet, and which protocol to use to encapsulate said packet, wherein

said network includes (a) single-protocol information handling devices capable of recognizing and forwarding only user data packets which conform to a first protocol suite, (b) single-protocol information handling devices capable of recognizing and forwarding only user data packets which conform to a second different protocol suite, and (c) at least one multi-protocol information handling device capable of recognizing and forwarding user data packets which conform to at least said first and second protocol suites.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein one of said multi-protocol information handling devices within a given area of said network is capable of recognizing and forwarding user data packets which conform to every protocol suite that is used by any other information handling device in said given area.

20. A method for calculating routes for sending user data packets via information handling devices which forward data packets through a communications network, said information handling devices including (a) single-protocol information handling devices capable of recognizing and forwarding only user data packets which conform to a single protocol suite, and (b) multi-protocol information handling devices capable of recognizing and forwarding user data packets which conform to any one of two or more protocol suites, comprising

using a routing protocol to automatically predetermine whether to encapsulate a packet, at which information handling devices to encapsulate and to decapsulate said packet, and which protocol to use to encapsulate said packet, wherein

said routing protocol determines multiple routes from a starting information handling device to an ending information handling device, and

different protocols are recognized by corresponding devices on different routes,

such that the automatic predetermination depends upon the route used.

21. A network of information handling devices which forward user data packets through communications links each said packet including an address indicating the packet'"'"'s destination, said network comprising

a first information handling device capable of interpreting addresses formatted in accordance with a first addressing scheme, said first addressing scheme defining one or more address fields that are assigned values to form an address,

a second information handling device capable of interpreting addresses formatted in accordance with a second addressing scheme, said second addressing scheme defining different address fields than said first addressing scheme, wherein

at least one address formatted in accordance with said first addressing scheme dose not identify the same destination as any address formatted in accordance with said second addressing scheme, and

said first and second devices exchange control packets which specify:

the links connected to the device which originates the control packet,

the addresses, formatted in accordance with said first addressing scheme, of those destinations that are attached to the originating device and have an address corresponding to said first addressing scheme, and

the addresses, formatted in accordance with said second addressing scheme, of those destinations that are attached to the originating device and have an address corresponding to said second addressing scheme.

22. The network of claim 21 wherein

said first device is capable of interpreting addresses formatted in accordance with said second addressing scheme, and

as part of forwarding at least one given packet addressed in accordance with said first addressing scheme, said first device encapsulates said given packet inside a header addressed in accordance with said second addressing scheme, and transmits the encapsulated packet to said second device.

23. The network of claim 22 wherein

said network is organized into areas comprising routers and links which connect said routers, and

every device in a given area is capable of interpreting addresses formatted in accordance with at least one common addressing scheme.

24. The network of claim 21, 22, or 23 wherein

said first and second devices are configured to transmit a hello packet on a link when the link is connected thereto, said hello packet identifying the device originating the hello packet and indicating the addressing schemes in which the originating device is capable of interpreting addresses.