Electro-optic device with constant light transmitting area

• US 5,253,109 A
• Filed: 04/27/1992
• Issued: 10/12/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Donnelly Corporation (Magna International Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Donnelly Corporation (Magna International Incorporated)
• Inventors: O'Farrell, Desmond J., Gahan, Richard J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ben, Loha
• Application Number:
  US07/874,635
• Time in Patent Office: 533 Days
• Field of Search: 359/601, 359/603, 359/604, 359/606, 359/602, 359/605, 359/270, 359/267, 340/784, 340/785, 340/461, 250/205, 250/206
• US Class Current: 359/604
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/088 using a cell of electrically changeable optical characteristic, e.g. liquid-crystal or electrochromic mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 1/12 Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2001/1215 with information displays
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1333 Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methodsG02F1/135, G02F1/136 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 9/35 being liquid crystals G09F9/302 takes precedence; liquid crystal materials C09K19/00; liquid crystal panels comprising a number of electrodes in a single cell per se G02F1/13

Abstract

An electro-optic device including first and second optically transparent elements mounted in spaced relationship to each other to define a gap and each having a front and rear surface. At least one optically transparent interlayer element is sandwiched between the first and second elements and joining a predetermined area of the rear surface of the first element and the front surface of the second element. A liquid, semi-liquid, gel, or semi-solid electro-optic medium, whose light transmittance is variable, is added to the gap between the first and second element. One surface of the second element may include a reflective coating except in those areas aligned with the transparent interlayer element sandwiched between the first and second element. A photoelectric cell/sensor or display is disposed behind the rear surface of the second element and may be aligned with the window formed in the reflective coating so as to receive or transmit light through the first element, the transparent interlayer, and the transparent second element.

Claims

1. An electro-optic device having at least one light transmitting window therein, comprising:

first and second spaced, optically transparent elements, each having a front and rear surface and defining a space between said rear surface of said first element and said front surface of said second element;

at least one optically transparent interlayer sandwiched between said first and second spaced optically transparent elements and in intimate contact therewith, said interlayer having an area less than said first and second spaced optically transparent elements;

an electro-optic medium confined in said space between said rear surface of said first element and said front surface of said second element and not occupied by said optically transparent interlayer;

means for sealing said electro-optic medium within said space; and

means for applying an electric field to said electro-optic medium to cause variation in the light transmittance of said medium.

2. The electro-optic device of claim 1, wherein said optically transparent interlayer has a refractive index substantially equal to a refractive index of said first and second spaced elements.

3. The electro-optic device of claim 2, wherein said electro-optic medium is electrochemichromic.

4. The electro-optic device of claim 3, wherein said means for applying an electric field includes:

a transparent conductive coating on said rear surface of said first element and on the front surface of said second element;

a first electrical lead connected to said transparent conductive coating on said first element and a second electrical lead connected to said transparent conductive coating on said second element;

a circuit coupled to said first and second electrical leads for placing a charge thereon; and

a photo sensor operably coupled to said circuit and aligned with said window to receive light through said window for controlling said circuit used to apply said electric field to said electro-optic medium.

5. The electro-optic device of claim 4, further comprising a reflective coating on one surface of said second element adapted to reflect light incident thereon through said first element and said electro-optic medium, said reflective coating having at least one opening aligned with said optically transparent interlayer forming a window adapted to transmit light propagating through said first element and said interlayer.

6. The electro-optic device of claim 5, further comprising a second opening forming a second window in said reflective coating on said one surface;

a second, optically transparent interlayer sandwiched between said first and second transparent elements, said second interlayer aligned with said second window; and

an indicia-forming display disposed in alignment with said second window in said reflective coating and adapted to display said indicia through said second window, second element, second interlayer and said first element.

7. The electro-optic device of claim 6, further comprising means interposed between said display and said front surface of said first element for filtering light from said display to provide said display with at least one predetermined color.

8. The electro-optic device of claim 7, wherein said opening forming said second window in said reflective coating has a size proportional to the distance between said rear surface of said second element and said front surface of said first element.

9. The electro-optic device of claim 8, wherein said reflective layer is chosen from the group of aluminum, chromium, stainless steel, rhodium, platinum, palladium, copper, silver and combinations thereof.

10. The electro-optic device of claim 7, wherein said means for filtering light from said display includes at least one dye incorporated in said second interlayer.

11. The electro-optic device of claim 1, wherein said interlayer is a piece of electrically and chemically inert polymeric material.

12. A variable reflectance mirror assembly having a discrete, optically clear window, comprising:

first and second optically transparent elements mounted in spaced relationship to each other, each having a front and rear surface and defining a space between the rear surface of said first element and the front surface of said second element;

at least one optically transparent interlayer element sandwiched between said first and second elements and joining a predetermined area of the rear surface of said first element and the front surface of said second element;

an electro-optic medium confined in said space whose light transmittance is variable upon the application of an electric field thereto;

means for applying an electric field to said electro-optic medium to cause variation in the light transmittance of said medium;

a reflective coating on one surface of said second element adapted to reflect light incident thereon through said first element and said electro-optic medium, said reflective coating including an opening therethrough in alignment with said transparent interlayer element; and

means adjacent said rear surface of said second element and aligned with said opening in said reflective coating for receiving light through said first element and said transparent interlayer element.

13. A variable reflectance mirror assembly as recited in claim 12, wherein said light receiving means includes a photo sensor for controlling said means for applying an electric field.

14. A variable reflectance mirror assembly as recited in claim 13, wherein said means for displaying information emits light through said opening in said reflective coating.

15. A variable reflectance mirror assembly as recited in claim 14, further comprising means interposed between said means for displaying information and said front surface of said first element for filtering light emitted from said means for displaying information to provide said means for displaying information with at least one predetermined color.

16. A variable reflectance mirror assembly as recited in claim 15, wherein said opening has an area of predetermined size, said size of said area of said opening in said reflective coating being proportional to the distance between said rear surface of said second element and said front surface of said first element to reduce multiple images of said means for displaying information.

17. A variable reflectance mirror assembly having a discrete, optically clear window comprising:

first and second optically transparent elements mounted in spaced relationship to each other, each having a front and rear surface and defining a space between the rear surface of said first element and the front surface of said second element;

at least one optically transparent interlayer element sandwiched between said first and second elements and joining a predetermined area of the rear surface of said first element and the front surface of said second element;

an electro-optic medium confined in said space whose light transmittance is variable upon the application of an electric field thereto;

means for applying an electric field to said electro-optic medium to cause variation in the light transmittance of said medium;

a reflective coating on one surface of said second element adapted to reflect light incident thereon through said first element and said electro-optic medium, said reflective coating including an opening therethrough in alignment with said transparent interlayer element; and

means adjacent said rear surface of said second element and aligned with said opening in said reflective coating for displaying information through said first and second element and said transparent interlayer.

18. A mirror assembly having at least one light transmitting window therein, comprising:

a first optically transparent element having a front and a rear surface;

a reflective coating on one surface of said optically transparent element and adapted to reflect light incident thereon, said reflective coating having a window formed therein adapted to transmit light propagating through said optically transparent element; and

an emitting element located adjacent said rear surface of said optically transparent element and aligned with said window and adapted to project an image produced by said emitting element through said window and said optically transparent element;

said window being dimensioned so as not to produce multiple visible images of said projected image between said front and rear surfaces of said optically transparent element.

19. The mirror assembly of claim 18 wherein said window dimension is determined by the expression ##EQU2## where D is the distance along said rear surface between said emitting element and an edge of said reflective layer forming said window;

α

is the angle of incidence of said projected image on the front surface of said optically transparent element;

r is the thickness of said optically transparent element;

e is the distance between said emitting element and said rear surface of said optically transparent element; and

RI is the refractive index of said assembly.

20. The mirror assembly as recited in claim 19, further comprising:

a second, optically transparent element having a front and a rear surface spaced in front of said first optically transparent element;

means for sealing said space between said first and second optically transprent elements;

an electro-optic medium confined in said space between said rear surface of said second optically transparent element and said front surface of said first optically transparent element, and whose light transmittance is variable upon the application of an electric field thereto; and

means for applying an electric field to said electro-optic medium to cause variation on the light transmittance of said medium.

21. The mirror assembly of claim 20, further comprising:

at least one optically transparent interlayer element sandwiched within said space between said first and said second optically transparent elements and aligned with said window formed in said reflective coating.

22. The mirror assembly of claim 21, further comprising a light sensing means disposed behind said first optically transparent element within said window formed in said reflective coating and adapted to receive light propagating through said second optically transparent element, said optically transparent interlayer and said first optically transparent element for controlling the electric field applied to said electro-optic medium.