Fire alarm system having prestored fire likelihood ratio functions for respective fire related phenomena

• US 5,267,180 A
• Filed: 08/30/1990
• Issued: 11/30/1993
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nohmi Bosai Kabushiki Kaisha
• Original Assignee: Nohmi Bosai Kabushiki Kaisha
• Inventors: Okayama, Yoshiaki
• Primary Examiner(s): Harvey, Jack B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Pipala, Edward J.
• Application Number:
  US07/571,649
• Time in Patent Office: 1,188 Days
• Field of Search: 364/550, 364/551.01, 364/556, 364/581, 364/555, 364/557, 364/571.01, 364/571.03, 364/571.05, 340/577, 340/584, 340/587, 340/628, 340/825.06, 340/825.36, 340/578, 340/579, 340/588, 340/589, 395/900
• US Class Current: 702/33
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/00 Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 25/00 Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 25/002 Generating a prealarm to the central station
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 706/90 Fuzzy logic

Abstract

A fire alarm system discriminates the presence of a fire using plural likelihood ratio functions respectively associated with plural fire related phenomenon. At least one fire related condition, for example, a temperature level, a smoke density or a gas concentration, of a detected area is detected. Data denoting plural fire related phenomenon are generated based on the at least one fire related condition. The data of each fire related phenomenon is applied to a respective likelihood ratio function defining a relation between the value of the fire related phenomenon and the value of a fire likelihood ratio. The fire likelihood ratio defines a relative probability of a fire attributable to the value of the respective fire related phenomenon. Plural fire likelihood ratio values are obtained according to processing rules, and a centroid value is obtained based on the plural fire likelihood ratio values. A fire is discriminated based on the centroid value.

Claims

1. A fire alarm system comprising:

detecting means for detecting at least one fire related condition of a detected area;

data generating means, coupled to said detecting means, for generating data denoting plural fire related phenomena based on the at least one fire related condition;

function memory means for storing data denoting plural likelihood ratio functions respectively associated with the plural fire related phenomena, each of the plural likelihood ratio functions defining a relation between a value of a fire likelihood ratio and a value of a respective fire related phenomenon, the fire likelihood ratio defining a relative probability of a fire attributable to the value of the respective fire related phenomenon;

processing rule memory means for storing plural processing rules, each of the processing rules designating at least one of the plural likelihood ratio functions and defining a processing to be performed by using the at least one designated likelihood ratio function to obtain one value of the fire likelihood ratio;

processing means, coupled to said data generating means and said function memory means and said processing rule memory means, for using the plural processing rules stored in said processing rule memory means to obtain corresponding plural likelihood ratio values, for determining a centroid value of the thus obtained plural likelihood ratio values, and for discriminating the presence of a fire based on the thus determined centroid value.

2. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one fire related condition includes at least one of a temperature level, a smoke density and a gas concentration.

3. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 2,

wherein said data generating means is further for generating data denoting at least one non-fire related environmental condition of the detected area;

wherein said function memory means is further for storing additional likelihood ratio functions respectively associated with the at least one non-fire related environmental condition; and

,

wherein at least one of said processing rules stored in said processing rule memory means is further for designating at least one of the additional likelihood ratio functions respectively associated with the at least one non-fire related environmental condition.

4. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 1, wherein one of the plural fire related phenomena is a rate of change with respect to time of a fire related condition detected by said detecting means.

5. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 1, wherein said function memory means and said processing rule memory means are rewriteable or replaceable to adapt to installation conditions in the detected area.

6. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a fire detector unit and a receiver unit located apart from each other and coupled to each other via a signal line, said fire detector unit housing said detecting means, said receiver unit housing said data generating means, said function memory means, said processing rule memory means and said processing means.

7. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a fire detector unit and a receiver unit located apart from each other and coupled to each other via a signal line, said fire detector unit housing said detecting means, said data generating means, said function memory means, said processing rule memory means and said processing means.

8. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 6 or 7, further comprising display means provided at said receiver unit for displaying the centroid value determined by said processing means.

9. A fire alarm system comprising:

detecting means for detecting at least one fire related condition of a detected area;

data generating means, coupled to said detecting means, for generating data denoting plural fire related phenomena based on the at least one fire related condition;

function memory means for storing data denoting plural likelihood ratio functions respectively associated with the plural fire related phenomena, each of the plural likelihood ratio functions defining a relation between a value of a fire likelihood ratio and a value of a respective fire related phenomenon, the fire likelihood ratio defining a relative probability of a fire attributable to the value of the respective fire related phenomenon;

processing rule memory means for storing plural processing rules, each of the processing rules designating at least one of the plural likelihood ratio functions and defining a processing to be performed by using the at least one designated likelihood ratio function to obtain one value of the fire likelihood ratio;

selection control means for selecting at least one of the plural processing rules stored in said processing rule memory means in accordance with at least one non-fire related environmental condition in the detected area;

processing means, coupled to said data generating means and said function memory means and said processing rule memory means and selection control means, for using the at least one selected processing rule selected by said selection control means to obtain at least one corresponding likelihood ratio value, for determining a centroid value of the thus obtained at least one likelihood ratio value, and for discriminating the presence of a fire based on the thus determined centroid value.

10. A fire system as recited in claim 9, wherein said function memory means and said processing rule memory means are rewriteable or replaceable to adapt to installation conditions in the detected area.

11. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 9 or 10, further comprising a fire detector unit and a receiver unit located apart from each other and coupled to each other via a signal line, said fire detector unit housing said detecting means, said receiver unit housing said data generating means, said function memory means, said processing means, said processing rule memory means and said selection control means.

12. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 9 or 10, further comprising a fire detector unit and a receiver unit located apart from each other and coupled to each other via a signal line, said fire detector unit housing said detecting means, said data generating means, said function memory means, said processing means, said processing rule memory means and said selection control means.

13. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 11, further comprising display means provided at said receiver unit for displaying the centroid value determined by said processing means.

14. A fire alarm system comprising:

detecting means for detecting at least one fire related condition of a detected area;

data generating means, coupled to said detecting means, for generating data denoting plural fire related phenomena based on the at least one fire related condition;

function memory means for storing data denoting plural likelihood ratio functions respectively associated with the plural fire related phenomena, each of the plural likelihood ratio functions defining a relation between a value of a fire likelihood ratio and a value of a respective fire related phenomenon, the fire likelihood ratio defining a relative probability of a fire attributable to the value of the respective fire related phenomenon;

processing rule memory means for storing plural processing rules, each of the processing rules designating at least one of the plural likelihood ratio functions and defining a processing to be performed by using the at least one designated likelihood ratio function to obtain one value of the fire likelihood ratio;

weighting control means for imparting a weighting coefficient to each of the plural processing rules stored in said processing rule memory means in accordance with at least one non-fire related environmental condition in the detected area;

processing means, coupled to said data generating means and said function memory means and said processing rule memory means and weighting control means, for using the plural processing rules having weighting coefficients imparted thereto by said weighting control means to obtain corresponding plural likelihood ratio values, for determining a centroid value of the thus obtained plural likelihood ratio values, and for discriminating the presence of a fire based on the thus determined centroid value.

15. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 14, wherein said function memory means and said processing rule memory means are rewriteable or replaceable to adapt to installation conditions in the detected area.

16. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 14 or 15, further comprising a fire detector unit and a receiver unit located apart from each other and coupled to each other via a signal line, said fire detector unit housing said detecting means, said receiver unit housing said data generating means, said function memory means, said processing means, said processing rule memory means and said weighting control means.

17. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 14 or 15, further comprising a fire detector unit and a receiver unit located apart from each other and coupled to each other via a signal line, said fire detector unit housing said detecting means, said data generating means, said function memory means, said processing means, said processing rule memory means and said weighting control means.

18. A fire alarm system as recited in claim 16, further comprising display means provided at said receiver unit for displaying the centroid value determined by said processing means.