Toner composition and processes thereof
First Claim
1. A process for the preparation of a toner composition comprising the steps of:
- (i) preparing a latex emulsion by agitating in water a mixture of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a first nonpolar olefinic monomer, a second nonpolar diolefinic monomer, a free radical initiator and a chain transfer agent;
(ii) polymerizing the latex emulsion mixture by heating from ambient temperature to about 80°
C. to form nonpolar olefinic emulsion resin particles of volume average diameter from about 5 nanometers to about 500 nanometers;
(iii) diluting the nonpolar olefinic emulsion resin particle mixture with water;
(iv) adding to the diluted resin particle mixture a colorant or pigment particles and optionally dispersing the resulting mixture with a homogenizer;
(v) adding a cationic surfactant to flocculate the colorant or pigment particles to the surface of the emulsion resin particles;
(vi) homogenizing the flocculated mixture at high shear to form statically bound aggregated composite particles with a volume average diameter of less than or equal to about 5 microns;
(vii) heating the statically bound aggregate composite particles to form nonpolar toner sized particles;
(viii) optionally halogenating the nonpolar toner sized particles to form nonpolar toner sized particles having a halopolymer resin outer surface or encapsulating shell; and
(ix) isolating the nonpolar toner sized composite particles.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A toner composition and processes for the preparation thereof comprising the steps of: (i) preparing a latex emulsion by agitating in water a mixture of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a first nonpolar olefinic monomer, a second nonpolar diolefinic monomer, a free radical initiator and a chain transfer agent; (ii) polymerizing the latex emulsion mixture by heating from ambient temperature to about 80° C. to form nonpolar olefinic emulsion resin particles of volume average diameter from about 5 nanometers to about 500 nanometers; (iii) diluting the nonpolar olefinic emulsion resin particle mixture with water; (iv) adding to the diluted resin particle mixture a colorant or pigment particles and optionally dispersing the resulting mixture with a homogenizer; (v) adding a cationic surfactant to flocculate the colorant or pigment particles to the surface of the emulsion resin particles; (vi) homogenizing the flocculated mixture at high shear to form statically bound aggregated composite particles with a volume average diameter of less than or equal to about 5 microns; (vii) heating the statically bound aggregate composite particles to form nonpolar toner sized particles; (viii) optionally halogenating the nonpolar toner sized particles to form nonpolar toner sized particles having a halopolymer resin outer surface or encapsulating shell; and (ix) isolating the nonpolar toner sized composite particles.
512 Citations
30 Claims
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1. A process for the preparation of a toner composition comprising the steps of:
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(i) preparing a latex emulsion by agitating in water a mixture of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a first nonpolar olefinic monomer, a second nonpolar diolefinic monomer, a free radical initiator and a chain transfer agent; (ii) polymerizing the latex emulsion mixture by heating from ambient temperature to about 80°
C. to form nonpolar olefinic emulsion resin particles of volume average diameter from about 5 nanometers to about 500 nanometers;(iii) diluting the nonpolar olefinic emulsion resin particle mixture with water; (iv) adding to the diluted resin particle mixture a colorant or pigment particles and optionally dispersing the resulting mixture with a homogenizer; (v) adding a cationic surfactant to flocculate the colorant or pigment particles to the surface of the emulsion resin particles; (vi) homogenizing the flocculated mixture at high shear to form statically bound aggregated composite particles with a volume average diameter of less than or equal to about 5 microns; (vii) heating the statically bound aggregate composite particles to form nonpolar toner sized particles; (viii) optionally halogenating the nonpolar toner sized particles to form nonpolar toner sized particles having a halopolymer resin outer surface or encapsulating shell; and (ix) isolating the nonpolar toner sized composite particles. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 30)
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- 20. A toner composition comprising composite particles comprised of pigment particles and nonpolar olefinic resin particles wherein the outer resin surface of the composite particles is a chlorinated nonpolar resin.
Specification