Programmable apparatus for determining document background level

• US 5,282,061 A
• Filed: 12/23/1991
• Issued: 01/25/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Farrell, Barbara L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Coles, Sr., Edward L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Grant, II, Jerome
• Application Number:
  US07/811,853
• Time in Patent Office: 764 Days
• Field of Search: 358/479, 358/22, 358/462, 358/463, 358/464, 358/467, 358/448, 382/50, 382/53, 382/54
• US Class Current: 358/464
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/4072 dependent on the contents of the original

Abstract

An apparatus for efficiently determining the background level of an image, based upon a sampling of the image, during processing of the image signals and without the need for a prior scan operation. The apparatus includes programmable sampling counters, to indicate when image signals for background determination are present on the video path, and an image signal verification device for excluding signals which are not representative of background regions of the image. The background determination apparatus also includes arithmetic circuitry for calculating a background level based upon the sampled image signals and for determining additional threshold levels based upon the background level.

Claims

1. In an image processing system suitable for processing an image represented by a plurality of video signals, said video signals representing both the content regions of the image and the background regions of the image, an apparatus for determining the background level of the image comprising:

sampling means for sampling a selected portion of the video signals in the image;

means, coupled to said sampling means, for identifying sampled video signals which are non-representative of the background regions of the image, said identifying means eliminating the non-representative video signals from the selected portion of the video signals; and

means, coupled to said identifying means, for calculating a background level as a function of the level of the non-eliminated sampled video signals.

2. The image processing device of claim 1 wherein the sampling means includes:

windowing means for identifying a sample region within the image; and

control means, responsive to said windowing means, for indicating when a video signal received by the background determination apparatus is within the sample region.

3. The image processing device of claim 1 wherein said identifying means includes:

memory means for receiving and storing a background threshold;

means, in communication with said memory means, for comparing the level of the sampled video signal against the stored background threshold and providing a signal indicating when the sampled video signal is below the background threshold; and

means, responsive to the signal produced by said comparing means, for eliminating the non-representative video signal.

4. In an image processing system suitable for processing an image represented by a plurality of video signals, said video signals representing both the content regions of the image and the background regions of the image, an apparatus for determining the background level of the image comprising:

sampling means for sampling a selected portion of the video signals in the image;

means, coupled to said sampling means, for identifying sampled video signals which are non-representative of the background regions of the image, including

memory means for receiving and storing a background threshold,

means, in communication with said memory means, for comparing the level of the sampled video signal against the stored background threshold and providing a signal indicating when the sampled video signal is below the background threshold,

means, responsive to the signal produced by said comparing means, for eliminating the non-representative video signal, said eliminating means eliminating the non-representative video signals from the selected portion of the video signals;

means, coupled to said identifying means, for calculating a background level as a function of the level of the remaining sampled video signals; and

means for substituting an alternate video signal for each non-representative signal eliminated.

5. The image processing device of claim 4 wherein the calculating means includes means for calculating a weighted running average of the levels of the non-eliminated video signals with the weighted running average being updated for each video signal received, and wherein the substituting means substitutes the weighted running average for the discarded signal.

6. In an image processing system suitable for processing an image represented by a plurality of video signals, said video signals representing both the content regions of the image and the background regions of the image, an apparatus for determining the background level of the image comprising:

sampling means for sampling a selected portion of the video signals in the image;

means, coupled to said sampling means, for identifying sampled video signals which are non-representative of the background regions of the image, said identifying means eliminating the non-representative video signals from the selected portion of the video signals;

means, coupled to said identifying means, for calculating a first background level as a function of the level of the non-eliminated sampled video signals; and

means for computing a second background level for use by the image processing system, with the second background level being a fractional portion of the first background level.

7. The image processing device of claim 6 including means, responsive to the second background level, for delimiting at least two distinct ranges of signal levels to be used for classification of video signals having levels falling within the ranges.

8. The image processing device of claim 6 wherein said computing means comprises:

means for storing at least one binary fraction; and

a serial multiplier suitable for determining the product of the stored binary fraction and the background level.

9. The image processing device of claim 6 wherein the computing means comprises:

first storing means for storing at least one digital fraction; and

a serial multiplier, coupled to said first storing means, for sequentially multiplying the stored digital fraction by the first background level to produce the second background level.

10. The image processing device of claim 9 wherein the computing means further comprises:

second storing means for storing at least one additional background level produced by the serial multiplier; and

logic control means for controlling the selection of the first storing means and the second storing means in conjunction with the sequencing of the serial multiplier, so as to enable the computation of at least two additional background levels.

11. The image processing device of claim 6 wherein said calculating means includes averaging means for determining an average of the levels of all the non-eliminated video signals.

12. The image processing device of claim 11 wherein said averaging means determines a weighted running average of the signals, with the weighted running average being updated for each video signal received.

13. An apparatus for determining the magnitude of the background in an image represented by a plurality of video signals, wherein said video signals represent both the content and the background regions of the image, including:

windowing means for identifying a selected portion of the video signals in the image;

means, coupled to said windowing means, for identifying those selected video signals which represent the content regions, said identifying means eliminating the content region video signals, thereby leaving video signals representative of the background region; and

arithmetic means, coupled to said qualification means, for calculating a background magnitude as a function of the magnitude of the background region video signals.

14. An apparatus for determining the magnitude of the background in an image represented by a plurality of video signals, wherein said video signals represent both the content and the background regions of the image, including:

windowing means for identifying a selected portion of the video signals in the image, wherein said windowing means includes

means for storing coordinates, of a window region, and

means responsive to the stored window coordinates for generating a window signal associated with the video signal, with the level of the window signal being indicative of whether the video signal is within the window region;

means, coupled to said windowing means, for eliminating the selected video signals which are representative of the content regions, thereby leaving video signals representative of the background region; and

arithmetic means, coupled to said qualification means, for calculating a background magnitude as a function of the magnitude of the background region video signals.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 further including means for computing at least one additional background magnitude with the additional background magnitude being a function of the background magnitude.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the windowing means is programmable, thereby allowing the portion of the video signals in the image which are selected to be included in the determination of the background magnitude to be established by an external data source.

17. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the arithmetic means includes means for calculating an average of the magnitudes of the non-eliminated video signals.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said average calculating means determines a weighted running average of the signal magnitudes with the weighted running average being updated for each selected video signal received.

19. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the eliminating means includes:

memory means for receiving and storing a background threshold value;

means, in communication with said memory means, for comparing the magnitude of the video signal against the stored background threshold value and producing a control signal whenever the magnitude of the video signal is less than the background threshold value, thereby identifying the video signal as a content region video signal; and

means, responsive to the control signal, for bypassing the content region video signal at any time the comparing means produces the control signal.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, further including means for substituting an alternate video signal for each content region video signal bypassed.

21. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said eliminating means is programmable, thereby allowing an external source to vary the background threshold value used to eliminate the selected video signals which represent content regions of the image.

22. The method of determining the level of the background region of an image represented by a plurality of video signals, during the processing of the video signals, comprising the steps of:

receiving the video signals as a stream of sequential signals;

sampling a selected portion of the video signals received;

eliminating sampled video signals that are non-representative of the level of the background region; and

calculating a background level as a function of the non-eliminated sampled video signals.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the sampling step comprises the steps of:

identifying the boundaries of a window encompassing the selected portion of the image; and

generating a sample signal indicating when a received video signal is within said window.

24. The method of determining the level of the background region of an image represented by a plurality of video signals, during the processing of the video signals, comprising the steps of:

receiving the video signals as a stream of sequential signals;

sampling a selected portion of the video signals received, said sampling step including,

identifying the boundaries of a window encompassing the selected portion of the image by initializing at least one slow-scan counter with a coordinate value representing a boundary of the window, initializing at least one fast-scan counter with a coordinate value representing a boundary of the window, and using the coordinate values stored in said fast-scan and slow-scan counters to represent the window boundaries, and

generating a sample signal indicating when a received video signal is within said window;

eliminating sampled video signals that are non-representative of the level of the background region; and

calculating a background level as a function of the non-eliminated sampled video signals.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the generating step comprises the steps of:

selectively incrementing said slow-scan counter whenever a complete raster of video signals has been processed;

selectively incrementing said fast-scan counter whenever a video signal has been processed; and

combining the outputs from the slow-scan counter and the fast-scan counter in a manner so as to produce a signal which is active whenever the video signal being received is within the boundaries of the window.

26. The method of determining the level of the background region of an image represented by a plurality of video signals, during the processing of the video signals, comprising the steps of:

receiving the video signals as a stream of sequential signals;

sampling a selected portion of the video signals received;

eliminating sampled video signals that are non-representative of the level of the background region, said eliminating step including

storing a background threshold value,

comparing the magnitude of the sampled video signal against the stored background threshold value, and

bypassing the sampled video signal at any time the magnitude of the sampled video signal is less than the stored background threshold value;

calculating a background level as a function of the non-eliminated sampled video signals.

27. The method of claim 26, further including the step of substituting an alternate value for the sampled video signals which are bypassed.

28. The method of determining the level of the background region of an image represented by a plurality of video signals, during the processing of the video signals, comprising the steps of:

receiving the video signals as a stream of sequential signals;

sampling a selected portion of the video signals received;

eliminating sampled video signals that are non-representative of the level of the background region; and

calculating a background level as a function of the non-eliminated sampled video signals, including calculating a weighted running average of the magnitudes of the non-eliminated sampled video signals.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the step of calculating a weighted running average of the magnitudes of the non-eliminated sampled video signals comprises the steps of:

retrieving the magnitude of the non-eliminated sampled video signal;

multiplying the magnitude of the non-eliminated sampled video signal by a first weighting factor to produce a first product;

retrieving a previously stored weighted running average;

multiplying the previously stored weighted running average by a second weighting factor to produce a second product;

adding the first product and the second product to produce a sum which is the new weighted running average; and

storing the new weighted running average for subsequent retrieval.