Wireless electrocardiographic and monitoring system and wireless electrode assemblies for same

• US 5,307,818 A
• Filed: 07/07/1992
• Issued: 05/03/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/1989
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Jacob Segalowitz
• Original Assignee: Jacob Segalowitz
• Inventors: Segalowitz, Jacob
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MANUEL, GEORGE C
• Application Number:
  US07/911,561
• Time in Patent Office: 665 Days
• Field of Search: 128/696, 128/903, 128/639, 128/640, 128/641, 128/644, 364/413.06
• US Class Current: 600/509
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0412 Low-profile patch shaped housings
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0468 Built-in electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0006 ECG or EEG signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/282 Holders for multiple electrodes for introduction into the body A61B5/287
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/903 Radio telemetry

Abstract

A precordial strip assembly for use on a patient having skin, right and left arms and legs and a heart with a precordium lying thereover comprising an elongate strip having first and second surfaces. Six conductive contact elements identified as V₁ through V₆ are mounted in spaced apart positions along the length of the strip. In other embodiments, conductive contact elements identified as LA, LL and RA can be mounted on the strip. A reference contact element can be carried by the strip for serving as a common reference for each of the conductive contact elements. The contact elements are exposed on the first surface of the strip and are adapted to contact the patient'"'"'s skin for detecting heart signals from the patient when the precordial strip assembly is placed on the precordium of the patient. Junction means is carried in a single region by the strip and is electrically connected to the contact elements. One or more microchips can be connected to the contact elements for transmitting a radio frequency signal which carries the heart signals detected by the contact elements.

Claims

1. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm, left arm and left leg dipole electrodes for attachment to right arm, left arm and left leg limbs, respectively of a patient;

right arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said right arm electrode for radiating a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said right arm electrode;

left arm heart signal transmitting means on said left arm electrode for radiating a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left arm electrode;

left leg heart signal transmitting means on said left arm electrode for radiating a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left arm electrode;

a plurality of signal receiving means, one each for receiving and detecting said radiated heart signals from said left arm, right arm and left leg electrodes, respectively, to individually produce a received left arm heart signal, a received right arm heart signal and a received left leg heart signal;

means for combining said individually received left arm, right arm and left leg heart signals to produce a reference potential;

a set of precordial dipole electrodes for attachment to the chest of a patient;

a set of precordial heart signal transmitting means mounted on each of said precordial dipole electrodes in said set, respectively for individually transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signal at respective ones of said precordial electrodes;

a set of precordial heart signal receiving and detecting means, each one associated with a different one of said precordial heart signal transmitting means for individually reproducing the heart signals appearing at each of said precordial electrodes in said set;

signal display means;

means for coupling said detected heart signals e aid right arm, left arm and left leg electrodes and from said precordial electrodes to said signal display means; and

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing.

2. System according to claim 1 in which each of said right arm, left arm, left leg and precordial dipole electrodes comprises first and second conductive elements spaced-apart from each other.

4. System according to claim 1 in which said means for providing operating power includes a battery and battery switching means in each of said left arm, right arm, left leg and precordial transmitting means.

5. System according to claim 4 in which said battery switching means includes a removable insulator which when present maintains the battery disconnected.

6. System according to claim 1 further including an LED and LED driver as part of each of said left arm, right arm, left leg and precordial transmitting means for indicating the presence of signals.

7. System according to claim 1 wherein said set of precordial electrodes includes a strip means of a selected length for capturing said precordial dipole electrodes in a linear array spaced-apart from each other.

8. System according to claim 7 wherein each dipole electrode of said strip means includes first and second conductive elements spaced-apart from each other.

9. System according to claim 7 wherein said strip means includes adhesive means for affixing same to the chest of the patient and retaining it in a desired location.

10. System according to claim 7 wherein said strip means includes a body portion that is elastic to permit stretching thereof to the length necessary to span the patient'"'"'s chest from substantially the sternum to the left side.

3. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm, left arm and left leg dipole electrodes for attachment to right arm, left arm and left leg limbs, respectively of a patient;

right arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said right arm electrode for radiating a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said right arm electrode;

left arm heart signal transmitting means on said left arm electrode for radiating a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left arm electrode;

left leg heart signal transmitting means on said left arm electrode for radiating a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left arm electrode;

a plurality of signal receiving means, one each for receiving and detecting said radiated heart signals from said left arm, right arm and left leg electrodes, respectively, to individually produce a received left arm heart signal, a received right arm heart signal and a received left leg heart signal;

means for combining said individually received left arm, right arm and left leg heart signals to produce a reference potential;

a set of precordial dipole electrodes for attachment to the chest of a patient, each of said right arm, left arm, left leg and precordial dipole electrodes including first and second conductive elements spaced-apart from each other and each of said transmitting means including noise reduction means coupled to said second conductive element for detecting background noise, differential input amplifier means having a non-inverting input terminal coupled to said first conductive element and an inverting terminal coupled to said noise reduction means for subtracting the background noise signal from the signal present on said first conductive element;

a set of precordial heart signal transmitting means mounted on each of said precordial dipole electrodes in said set, respectively for individually transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signal at respective ones of said precordial electrodes;

a set of precordial heart signal receiving and detecting means, each one associated with a different one of said precordial heart signal transmitting means for individually reproducing the heart signals appearing at each of said precordial electrodes in said set;

signal display means;

means for coupling said detected heart signals from said right arm, left arm and left leg electrodes and from said precordial electrodes to said signal display means; and

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing.

11. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm, left arm, right leg and left leg electrodes for attachment to right arm, left arm, right leg and left leg limbs, respectively of a patient;

an elongate strip for attachment to the chest of the patient, a set of aligned precordial electrodes carried by said strip;

heart signal transmitting means coupled to said right and left arm and right and left leg electrodes and said set of precordial electrodes for transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signals at said right arm, left arm, right leg, left leg and precordial electrodes;

signal receiving means for receiving and detecting said transmitted heart signals to produce a received left arm heart signal, a received right arm heart signal, a received right leg heart signal, a received left leg heart signal and received precordial signals;

signal display means;

means for coupling said detected heart signals from said right arm, left arm, right leg and left leg electrodes and from said precordial electrodes to said signal display means; and

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing.

12. System according to claim 11 wherein the transmitting means and the receiving means utilize a center frequency.

13. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm, left arm, right leg, and left leg electrodes for attachment to right arm, left arm, right leg and left leg limbs, respectively of a patient;

right arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said right arm electrode for radiating a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said right arm electrode;

left arm heart signal transmitting means on said left arm electrode for radiating a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left arm electrode;

left leg heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left leg electrode for radiating a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left leg electrode;

a plurality of signal receiving means, one each for receiving and detecting said radiated heart signals from said left arm, right arm and left leg electrodes, respectively, to individually produce a received left arm heart signal, a received right arm heart signal and a received left leg heart signal;

means for combining said individually received left arm, right arm and left leg heart signals to produce a reference potential;

reference potential transmitting means coupled to said combining means for transmitting said reference potential;

right leg signal receiving means electrically couplable to said right leg electrode for receiving said reference potential and applying said reference potential to said right leg electrode;

a set of precordial electrodes for attachment to the chest of a patient;

a set of precordial heart signal transmitting means mounted on each of said precordial electrodes in said set, respectively, for individually transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signal at respective ones of said precordial electrodes;

a set of precordial heart signal receiving and detecting means, each one associated with a different one of said precordial heart signal transmitting means for individually reproducing the heart signals appearing at each of said precordial electrodes in said set;

signal display means;

means for coupling said detected heart signals from said right arm, left arm and left leg electrodes and from said precordial electrodes to said signal display means; and

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing;

wherein each transmitting means and associated receiving means has the same digital encoding, and the digital encoding of each transmitting means is unique.

14. System according to claim 13 wherein each transmitting means and receiving means includes adjustment means for varying said digital encoding.

15. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm, left arm and left leg dipole electrodes for attachment to right arm, left arm and left leg limbs, respectively of a patient;

right arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said right arm electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said right arm electrode;

left arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left arm electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left arm electrode;

left leg heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left leg electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left leg electrode;

a plurality of signal receiving means, one each for receiving and detecting said transmitted heart signals from said left arm, right arm and left leg electrodes to individually produce a received left arm heart signal, a received right arm heart signal and a received left leg heart signal;

a set of precordial electrodes for attachment to the chest of a patient;

a set of precordial heart signal transmitting means mounted on each of said precordial electrodes in said set, respectively for individually transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signal at respective ones of said precordial electrodes;

a set of precordial heart signal receiving and detecting means, each one associated with a different one of said precordial heart signal transmitting means for individually reproducing the heart signals appearing at each of said precordial electrodes in said set;

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing; and

means for selectively coupling said detected heart signals from said right arm, left arm and left leg electrodes from said precordial electrodes to an electrocardiographic recorder.

16. System according to claim 15 in which each of said right arm, left arm, left leg and precordial electrodes comprises first and second conductive elements spaced-apart from each other.

18. System according to claim 15 in which said means for providing operating power includes a battery and battery switching means in each of said left arm, right arm, left leg and precordial transmitting means.

19. System according to claim 18 in which said battery switching means includes a removable insulator which when present maintains the battery disconnected.

20. System according to claim 15 further including an LED and LED driver as part of each of said left arm, right arm, left leg and precordial transmitting means for indicating the presence of signals.

21. System according to claim 15 wherein each transmitting means and associated receiving means has the same digital encoding, and the digital encoding of each transmitting means in unique.

22. System according to claim 21 wherein each transmitting and receiving means includes adjustment means for varying said digital encoding.

25. System according to claim 15 wherein said set of precordial electrodes includes a strip means of a selected length for capturing said precordial electrodes in a linear array spaced-apart from each other.

26. System according to claim 25 further including an LED and LED driver as part of each of said left arm, right arm, left leg and precordial transmitting means for indicating the presence of signals.

27. System according to claim 25 wherein each electrode of said strip means includes first and second conductive elements spaced apart from each other to form a dipole electrode.

28. System according to claim 25 in which said means for providing operating power includes a battery and battery switching means in each of said left arm, right arm, left leg and precordial transmitting means.

29. System according to claim 28 in which said battery switching means includes a removable insulator which when present maintains the battery disconnected.

30. System according to claim 25 wherein said strip means includes adhesive means for affixing same to the chest of the patient and retaining it in a desired location.

31. System according to claim 25 wherein said strip means includes a body portion that is elastic to permit stretching thereof to the length necessary to span the patient'"'"'s chest from substantially the sternum to the left side.

17. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm, left arm and left leg dipole electrodes for attachment to right arm, left arm and left leg limbs, respectively of a patient;

right arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said right arm electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said right arm electrode;

left arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left arm electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left arm electrode;

left leg heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left leg electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left leg electrode;

a plurality of signal receiving means, one each for receiving and detecting said transmitted heart signals from said left arm, right arm and left leg electrodes to individually produce a received left arm heart signal, a received right arm heart signal and a received left leg heart signal;

a set of precordial electrodes for attachment to the chest of a patient, each of said right arm, left arm, left leg and precordial electrodes including first and second conductive elements spaced-apart from each other and each of said transmitting means including noise coil means coupled to said second conductive element for detecting background noise, differential input amplifier means having a noninverting input terminal coupled to said first conductive element and an inverting terminal coupled to said noise coil means for subtracting the background noise signal from the signal present on said first conductive element;

a set of precordial heart signal transmitting means mounted on each of said precordial electrodes in said set, respectively for individually transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signal at respective ones of said precordial electrodes;

a set of precordial heart signal receiving and detecting means, each one associated with a different one of said precordial heart signal transmitting means for individually reproducing the heart signals appearing at each of said precordial electrodes in said set;

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing; and

means for selectively coupling said detected heart signals from said right arm, left arm and left leg electrodes from said precordial electrodes to an electrocardiographic recorder.

23. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm, left arm and left leg electrodes for attachment to right arm, left arm and left leg limbs, respectively of a patient;

right arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said right arm electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said right arm electrode;

left arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left arm electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left arm electrode;

left leg heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left leg electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left leg electrode;

a plurality of signal receiving means, one each for receiving and detecting said transmitting heart signals from said left arm, right arm and left leg electrodes to individually produce a received left arm heart signal, a received right arm heart signal and a received left leg heart signal;

a set of precordial electrodes for attachment to the chest of a patient;

a set of precordial heart signal transmitting means mounted on each of said precordial electrodes in said set, respectively for individually transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signal at respective ones of said precordial electrodes;

a set of precordial heart signal receiving and detecting means, each one associated with a different one of said precordial heart signal transmitting means for individually reproducing the heart signals appearing at each of said precordial electrodes in said set;

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing; and

means for selectively coupling said detected heart signals from said right arm, left arm and left leg electrodes from said precordial electrodes to an electrocardiographic recorder;

wherein a center frequency of each transmitting means and associated receiving means is the same, and the center frequency of each transmitting means is unique.

24. System according to claim 23 wherein each transmitting means and receiving means includes adjustment means for varying said center frequency.

32. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm and left leg electrodes for attachment to right arm and left leg limbs of a patient;

right arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said right arm electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said right arm electrode;

left leg heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left leg electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left leg electrode;

a pair of signal receiving means, one each for receiving and detecting said radiated heart signals from said right arm and left leg electrodes to individually produce a received right arm heart signal and a received left leg heart signal;

strip means of a selected length including a set of precordial electrodes and a left side electrode for attachment to the chest of the patient for capturing said precordial and left side electrodes in a linear array spaced-apart from each other which when placed on the chest of the patient extend from substantially the center of the chest to the left side;

a set of precordial and left side heart signal transmitting means mounted on said precordial and left side electrodes in said set, respectively for individually transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signal at respective ones of said precordial and left side electrodes;

a set of precordial and left side heart signal receiving and detecting means, each one associated with a different one of said precordial and left side heart signal transmitting means for individually reproducing the heart signals appearing at each of said precordial and left side electrodes;

network means for combining said individually received left arm, right arm and left side heart signals to provide a reference potential;

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing; and

means for selectively coupling said detected heart signals from said right arm, left arm and left side electrodes from said precordial electrodes to an electrocardiographic recorder.

33. System according to claim 32 in which said heart signal transmitting means includes an FM transmitter.

34. System according to claim 32 in which said means for providing operating power includes a battery and battery switching means in each of said left arm, right arm, left leg and precordial transmitting means.

35. System according to claim 34 in which said battery switching means includes a removable insulator which when present maintains the battery disconnected.

36. System according to claim 32 further including an LED and LED driver as part of each of said left arm, right arm, left leg and precordial transmitting means for indicating the presence of signals.

37. System according to claim 32 wherein said strip means includes adhesive means for affixing same to the chest of the patient and retaining it in a desired location.

38. System according to claim 32 wherein said strip means includes a body portion that is elastic to permit stretching thereof to the length necessary to span the patient'"'"'s chest from substantially the sternum to the left side.

41. System according to claim 32 wherein each transmitting means and associated receiving means has the same digital encoding, and the digital encoding of each transmitting means is unique.

42. System according to claim 41 wherein each transmitting means and receiving means includes adjustment means for varying said digital encoding.

43. System according to claim 32 wherein each of said electrodes comprises first and second conductive elements spaced-apart from each other.

39. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm and left leg electrodes for attachment to right arm and left leg limbs of a patient;

right arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said right arm electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said right arm electrode;

left leg heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left leg electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left leg electrode;

a pair of signal receiving means, one each for receiving and detecting said radiated heart signals from said right arm and left leg electrodes to individually produce a received right arm heart signal and a received left leg heart signal;

strip means of a selected length including a set of precordial electrodes and a left side electrode for attachment to the chest of the patient for capturing said precordial and left side electrodes in a linear array spaced-apart from each other which when placed on the chest of the patient extend from substantially the center of the chest to the left side;

a set of precordial and left side heart signal transmitting means mounted on said precordial and left side electrodes in said set, respectively for individually transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signal at respective ones of said precordial and left side electrodes;

a set of precordial and left side heart signal receiving and detecting means, each one associated with a different one of said precordial and left side heart signal transmitting means for individually reproducing the heart signals appearing at each of said precordial and left side electrodes;

network means for combining said individually received left arm, right arm and left side heart signals to produce a reference potential;

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing; and

means for selectively coupling said detected heart signals from said right arm, left arm and left side electrodes from said precordial electrodes to an electrocardiographic recorder;

wherein a center frequency of each transmitting means and associated receiving means is the same, and the center frequency of each transmitting means is unique.

40. System according to claim 39 wherein each transmitting means and receiving means includes adjustment means for varying said center frequency.

44. A wireless electrocardiographic monitoring system, including:

right arm and left leg electrodes for attachment to right arm and left leg limbs of a patient;

right arm heart signal transmitting means mounted on said right arm electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said right arm electrode;

left leg heart signal transmitting means mounted on said left leg electrode for transmitting a signal corresponding to the heart signal at said left leg electrode;

a pair of signal receiving means, one each for receiving and detecting said radiated heart signals from said right arm and left leg electrodes to individually produce a received right arm heart signal and a received left leg heart signal;

strip means of a selected length including a set of precordial electrodes and a left side electrode for attachment to the chest of the patient for capturing said precordial and left side electrodes in a linear array spaced-apart from each other which when placed on the chest of the patient extend from substantially the center of the chest to the left side;

a set of precordial and left side heart signal transmitting means mounted on said precordial and left side electrodes in said set, respectively for individually transmitting signals corresponding to the heart signal at respective ones of said precordial and left side electrodes, each of said electrodes including first and second conductive elements spaced-apart from each other and each of said transmitting means including noise reduction means coupled to said second conductive element for detecting background noise, differential input amplifier means having a non-inverting input terminal coupled to said first conductive element and an inverting terminal coupled to said noise reduction means for subtracting the background noise signal from the signal present on said first conductive element;

a set of precordial and left side heart signal receiving and detecting means, each one associated with a different one of said precordial and left side heart signal transmitting means for individually reproducing the heart signals appearing at each of said precordial and left side electrodes;

network means for combining said individually received left arm, right arm and left side heart signals to provide a reference potential;

means for providing operating power for all of the foregoing; and

means for selectively coupling said detected heart signals from said right arm, left arm and left side electrodes from said precordial electrodes to an electrocardiographic recorder.

45. An electrode structure for use in a wireless patient monitoring system, including:

non-conductive strip means of selected length and width for supporting a plurality of signal transmitters on one side thereof and an equal plurality of conductive element pairs on the other side thereof, each of said conductive element pairs being in spaced relationship to each other and exposed on said other side of said strip means; and

a plurality of transmitter means mounted on said other side of said strip means, each transmitter for monitoring a different signal, each transmitter means including;

battery means having at least one voltage terminal and a ground terminal carried on said one side of said strip means;

a microchip amplifier carried on said other side of said strip means and having a signal input terminal coupled to a first conductive element of a corresponding pair of conductive elements for receiving heart signals therefrom and having an output terminal;

a microchip encoder-modulator carried on said other side of said strip means and having an input terminal coupled to said output terminal of said amplifier and having an output terminal;

a microchip transmitter carried by said strip means on said other side thereof and having an input terminal and an output terminal, said input terminal of said transmitter being coupled to said output terminal of said encoder-modulator;

a wireless-signal radiator having an input terminal coupled to said output terminal of said microchip transmitter;

means for applying operating potentials from said battery to said microchip amplifier, encoder-modulator and transmitter, respectively, of each transmitter means; and

means for coupling said ground terminal of said battery to said second conductive element of each pair of conductive elements.

46. Apparatus according to claim 45 wherein said transmitter of each of said plurality of transmitter means includes adjustment means for varying the frequency of operation of each transmitter.

47. Apparatus according to claim 45 wherein said encoder-modulator of each of said plurality of transmitter means includes adjustment means for varying the digital encoding of each encoder-modulator.

48. An electrode structure for use in a wireless patient monitoring system, including:

non-conductive strip means of selected length and width for supporting a plurality of signal transmitters on one side thereof and an equal plurality of conductive element pairs on the other side thereof, each of said conductive element pairs being in spaced relationship to each other and exposed on said other side of said strip means; and

a plurality of transmitter means mounted on said other side of said strip means, each transmitter for monitoring a different signal, each transmitter means including;

battery means having at least one voltage terminal and a ground terminal carried on said one side of said strip means;

a microchip amplifier carried on said other side of said strip means and having a signal input terminal coupled to a first conductive element of a corresponding pair of conductive elements for receiving heart signals therefrom and having an output terminal, said amplifer including noise coil means coupled to the second conductive element of the corresponding pair of conductive elements for detecting background noise, differential input amplifer means having a non-inverting input terminal coupled to said first conductive element of the corresponding pair of conductive elements and an inverting terminal coupled to said noise coil means for subtracting the background noise signal from the signal present on said first conductive element of the corresponding pair of conductive elements;

a microchip encoder-modulator carried on said other side of said strip means and having an input terminal coupled to said output terminal of said amplifer and having an output terminal;

a microchip transmitter carried by said strip means on said other side thereof and having an input terminal and an output terminal, said input terminal of said transmitter being coupled to said output terminal of said encoder-modulator;

a wireless-signal radiator having an input terminal coupled to said output terminal of said microchip transmitter;

means for applying operating potentials from said battery to said microchip amplifier, encoder-modulator and transmitter, respectively, of each transmitter means; and

means for coupling said ground terminal of said battery to said second conductive element of each pair of conductive elements.

49. A strip assembly for placement on the chest of a patient having a heart with a precordium lying thereover, skin and right and left arms and legs comprising an elongate strip having first and second surfaces, six conductive contact elements identified as V₁ through V₆ being mounted in spaced apart positions along the length of said strip, said V₁ through V₆ conductive contact elements being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s precordium, additional conductive contact elements identified respectively as LA and LL mounted on said strip near said V₆ conductive contact element, said LA and LL conductive contact elements being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin near said left arm and left leg respectively, an additional conductive contact element identified as RA mounted on said strip near said V₁ conductive contact element, said RA conductive contact element being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin near said right arm, said strip being substantially continuous between said conductive contact elements, a reference contact element mounted on said strip and serving as a common reference for each of said V₁ through V₆, LA, LL and RA conductive contact elements, said reference contact element being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin, said contact elements capable of detecting heart signals from said patient to produce a twelve-lead electrocardiogram, and conductor means connected to said conductive contact elements and said reference contact element to permit electrical transmission of said detected heart signals.

50. A strip assembly as in claim 49 together with electrical cable means connected to said conductor means for carrying the heart signals detected by said contact elements.

51. A strip assembly as in claim 49 wherein said strip includes stretchable means to permit spacing of a conductive contact element between a first position in close proximity with an adjacent conductive contact element and a second position remote from said adjacent conductive contact element.

52. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 49 together with a microchip mounted on said strip in electrical contact with said conductor means, said microchip including means for transmitting a radio frequency signal which carries the heart signals detected by said contact elements.

53. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 49 wherein said RA, V₁ through V₆, LA and LL conductive contact elements are respectively spaced apart along said continuous strip.

54. A precordial strip assembly for use on a patient having a heart with a precordium lying thereover, skin and right and left arms and legs comprising an elongate strip having first and second surfaces, six conductive contact elements identified as V₁ through V₆ mounted in spaced apart positions along the length of said strip, said conductive contact elements being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin for detecting heart signals from said patient when said precordial strip assembly is placed on the precordium of the patient, a microchip mounted on said strip and conductor means electrically connecting said contact elements to said microchip, said microchip including means for transmitting a radio frequency signal which carries the heart signals detected by said contact elements.

55. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 54 wherein said elongate strip includes a reference contact element mounted thereon which serves as a common reference for each of said V₁ through V₆ conductive contact elements and is electrically connected to said microchip, said reference contact element being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin.

56. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 54 together with a reference contact element which serves as a common reference for each of said V₁ through V₆ conductive contact elements mounted on a patch, means electrically connecting said reference contact element to said microchip, said reference contact element being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin.

57. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 56 wherein said reference contact element is identified as the RL contact element and is adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin near said right leg.

58. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 54 together with a conductive contact element identified as LA mounted on a patch, means electrically connecting said LA conductive contact element to said microchip, said LA conductive contact elements being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'skin near said left arm for detecting heart signals from said patient.

59. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 54 wherein said strip has first and second ends, together with a conductive contact element identified as LA mounted on said strip adjacent said first end and said V₆ conductive contact element, said conductive contact element being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin for detecting heart signals from said patient and being electrically connected to said microchip.

60. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 54 together with conductive contact elements identified as LL and RA mounted on said strip, means electrically connecting said LL and RA conductive contact elements to said microchip, said LL and RA conductive contact elements being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin near said right arm and left leg, respectively, for detecting heart signals from said patient.

61. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 54 together with LL and RA conductive contact elements mounted on first and second patches, means electrically connecting said LL and RA conductive contact elements to said microchip, said LL and RA conductive contact elements being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin near said right arm and left leg, respectively, for detecting heart signals from said patient.

62. A precordial strip assembly for use on a patient having a heart with a precordium lying thereover, skin and right and left arms and legs comprising an elongate strip having first and second surfaces, six conductive contact elements identified as V₁ through V₆ mounted in spaced apart positions along the length of said strip, said conductive contact elements being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'skin for detecting heart signals from said patient when said precordial strip assembly is placed on the precordium of the patient, junction means carried in a single region by said strip and electrically connected to said conductive contact elements and a microchip mounted on said strip in contact with said junction means, said microchip including means for transmitting a radio frequency signal which carries the heart signals detected by said contact elements.

63. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 62 wherein said microchip is detachably mounted to said strip.

64. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 62 wherein said strip has first and second ends, together with a conductive contact element identified as LA mounted on said strip adjacent said first end and said V₆ conductive contact element, said LA conductive contact element being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin for detecting heart signals from said patient and being electrically connected to said junction means.

65. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 62 together with conductive contact elements identified as LL and RA mounted on said strip, means electrically connecting said LL and RA conductive contact elements to said junction means, said strip including stretchable means to permit spacing of said LL and RA conductive contact elements between a first position in close proximity with said V₁ through V₆ conductive contact elements and a second position remote therefrom, said LL and RA conductive contact elements being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin near said right arm and left leg, respectively, when in said second position and said precordial strip assembly is placed on the precordium of the patient.

66. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 62 together with LL and RA conductive contact elements mounted on said strip, means electrically connecting said LL and RA conductive contact elements to said junction means, said LL and RA conductive contact elements being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin near said right arm and left leg, respectively, for detecting heart signals from said patient.

67. A precordial strip assembly as in claim 62 wherein said elongate strip includes a reference contact element mounted thereon which serves as a common reference for each of said V₁ through V₆ conductive contact elements and is electrically connected to said junction means, said reference contact element being exposed on the first surface of said strip and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s skin.

68. An electrode assembly for use on a patient having a heart in a body comprising a layer of insulating material having first and second surfaces, a sufficient number of conductive contact elements for obtaining a twelve-lead electrocardiogram mounted in spaced apart positions on said layer of insulating material, said contact elements being exposed on the first surface of said layer of insulating material and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s body for detecting heart signals therefrom, a microchip mounted on said layer of insulating material and conductor means electrically connecting said contact elements to said microchip, said microchip including means for transmitting a radio frequency signal which carries the heart signals detected by said contact elements.

69. A self-contained electrode structure for use in a wireless patient monitoring system for receiving signals from the heart in a body of a patient comprising a layer of insulating material having first and second sides, a conductive element carried by said layer of insulating material and disposed on said first side of said layer of insulating material, a battery carried on said second side of said layer of insulating material, microchip amplifier and transmitter means carried on said second side of said layer of insulating material and being coupled to said battery and to said conductive element for receiving heart signals from the heart of the patient and for transmitting wireless signals in accordance with heart signals received whereby said conductive element has its own exclusive power supply and microchip amplifier and transmitter means.

70. A method of electrocardiographic monitoring on a patient having a body with a heart therein and a precordium lying over the heart comprising the steps of placing an electrode assembly on the precordium of said patient, said electrode assembly having an elongate strip with first and second surfaces and six conductive contact elements identified as V₁ through V₆ mounted in spaced apart positions along the length of said strip and a microchip mounted on said strip in electrical contact with said V₁ through V₆ conductive contact elements, placing conductive contact elements identified as LA, LL and RA and a reference contact element on the body of said patient in electrical contact with said microchip, detecting heart signals from said patient through said contact elements, processing the heart signals in said microchip to produce twelve-lead electrocardiogram signals and transmitting a radio frequency signal which carries said twelve-lead electrocardiogram signals.

71. An electrode assembly for use on a patient having a body comprising a plurality of layers of insulating material having first and second surfaces, a sufficient number of conductive contact elements for obtaining a twelve-lead electrocardiogram mounted on said layers of insulating material, at least one conductive contact element being mounted on each said layer of insulating material, said contact elements being exposed on the first surface of said layers of insulating material and being adapted to contact said patient'"'"'s body for detecting heart signals therefrom, a microchip mounted on one of said layers of insulating material and conductor means electrically connecting said contact elements to said microchip, said microchip including means for transmitting a radio frequency signal which carries the heart signals detected by said contact elements.

72. A method of electrocardiographic monitoring on a patient having a body with a heart therein comprising the steps of selecting an electrode assembly having a sufficient number of conductive contact elements for producing a twelve-lead electrocardiogram and a microchip electrically connected to said contact elements, placing said electrode assembly on the body of said patient, detecting heart signals from said patient through said contact elements and transmitting from said microchip a radio frequency signal which carries the heart signals detected by said contact elements.