Metal hydride cells having improved cycle life and charge retention

• US 5,330,861 A
• Filed: 05/07/1992
• Issued: 07/19/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 05/07/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Chevron Texaco Corporation (Chevron Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Ovonic Battery Company, Inc (BASF SE)
• Inventors: Ovshinsky, Stanford R., Fetcenko, Michael A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Willis, Jr., Prince
• Assistant Examiner(s): NUZZOLILLO, MARIA
• Application Number:
  US07/879,823
• Time in Patent Office: 803 Days
• Field of Search: 429/59, 429/101, 429/57, 420/900
• US Class Current: 429/57
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/0031 Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/345 Gastight metal hydride accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0014 Alkaline electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/383 Hydrogen absorbing alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/417 Polyolefins
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/423 Polyamide resins
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/44 Fibrous material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/491 Porosity
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/32 Hydrogen storage
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 420/90 Hydrogen storage

Abstract

A rechargeable hydrogen storage cell comprising: a negative electrode having the composition:

(Ovonic Base Alloy).sub.a M.sub.b

where Ovonic Base Alloy represents an Ovonic alloy that contains 0.1 to 60 atomic percent Ti, 0.1 to 25 atomic percent Zr, 0.1 to 60 atomic percent V, 0.1 to 57 atomic percent Ni, and 0.1 to 56 atomic percent Cr, as described above; a is at least 70 atomic percent; M represents at least one modifier chosen from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, W, La, Mo, Cu, Mg, Ca, Nb, Si, and Hf; b is 0 to 30 atomic percent; b>0; and a+b=100 atomic percent; a positive electrode; and a separator of electrolyte retentive nylon or wettable polypropylene.

Claims

1. A rechargeable hydrogen storage cell comprising:

a negative electrode having the following composition;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">(Ovonic Base Alloy).sub.a M.sub.b

where

Ovonic Base Alloy represents an Ovonic alloy that contains 0.1 to 60 atomic percent Ti, 0.1 to 25 atomic percent Zr, 0.1 to 60 atomic percent V, 0.1 to 57 atomic percent Ni, and 0.1 to 56 atomic percent Cr, as described above;

a is at least 70 atomic percent;

M represents at least one modifier chosen from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, W, La, Mo, Cu, Mg, Ca, Nb, Si, and Hf;

b is 0 to 30 atomic percent;

b>

0; and

a+b=100 atomic percent;

a positive electrode; and

a separator chosen from the group consisting of

an electrolyte retentive, fine fiber, having a thickness of approximately 5-12 microns nylon separator and a wettable polypropylene separator resistant to reaction with H₂ gas and alkaline electrolyte,

where the surface of said wettable polypropylene has been treated using radiation grafting or a chemical treatment.

2. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 1, wherein said negative electrode has the following composition:

(Ovonic Base Alloy)_a Co_b Mn_c M_d

where

a is at least 70 atomic percent;

b is 0 to 7 atomic percent;

c is 0.1 to 8 atomic percent;

M represents at least one modifier chosen from the group consisting of 0.1 to 2 atomic percent Al, 0.1 to 6 atomic percent Fe, 0.1 to 4 atomic percent La, and 0.1 to 6 atomic percent Mo;

d is 0 to 8 atomic percent;

b+c+d>

O;

and

a+b+c+d=100 atomic percent.

3. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 1, wherein said separator is a high loft separator of uniform thickness having a weight of less than about 70 g/m².

4. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 1, wherein said separator is formed from fibers having a thickness of less than 18 microns.

5. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 1, wherein said separator has a thickness of 5 to 12 microns and is formed of fibers oriented to produce pores less than 5 microns.

6. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 1, wherein said separator has a weight of less than 60 g/m².

7. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 1, wherein said separator has an uncompressed thickness greater than 9 mils.

8. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 1, wherein said separator has an uncompressed thickness greater than 14 mils.

9. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 1, wherein said fibers are less than or equal to 12 microns thick.

10. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 1, wherein said fibers are less than or equal to 8 microns thick.

11. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 5, wherein said separator has pores less than 3 microns in size.

12. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 5 wherein said separator has pores less than 1 micron in size.

13. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 12, wherein said separator is a stable nylon.

14. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 12, wherein said separator is a wettable polypropylene.

15. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 2, wherein b is 4 to 7 atomic percent.

16. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 2, wherein c is 6 to 8 atomic percent.

17. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 2, wherein d is 4 to 6 atomic percent.

18. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 2, wherein M represents at least one modifier chosen from the group consisting of 1 to 2.5 atomic percent Al, 1 to 2 or 5 to 6 atomic percent Fe, and 5.5 to 6 atomic percent Mo.

19. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 2, wherein M represents 1 to 2.5 atomic percent Al and 1 to 2 or 5 to 6 atomic percent Fe.

20. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 2, wherein M represents 5.5 to 6 atomic percent Mo.

21. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 2, wherein b is 5 to 7 atomic percent;

c is 7 to 8 atomic percent; and

M is 1 to 2 atomic percent Fe.

22. The rechargeable hydrogen storage cell of claim 2, wherein b is 4.5 to 5.5 atomic percent;

c is 7.5 to 8 atomic percent; and

M is 5.5 to 6.5 atomic percent Mo.