Technique for bridging local area networks having non-unique node addresses

• US 5,331,634 A
• Filed: 01/29/1993
• Issued: 07/19/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Choice Technology Inc.
• Original Assignee: Digital Ocean, Inc.
• Inventors: Fischer, Michael A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Chau T.
• Application Number:
  US08/011,361
• Time in Patent Office: 536 Days
• Field of Search: 370/94.1, 370/94.2, 370/85.13, 370/85.14, 370/60, 370/60.1, 370/85.1, 340/825.52
• US Class Current: 370/405
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4604 LAN interconnection over a backbone network, e.g. Internet, Frame Relay
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2212/00 Encapsulation of packets
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/742 Route cache; Operation thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/26 Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/16 Gateway arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 92/02 Inter-networking arrangements

Abstract

A bridging apparatus provides the capability of transparently and unambiguously communicating LAN packets between two separate LAN segments which have nodes with duplicate IDs. A communicator connected to each LAN segment includes a controller which aliases the source identification (SID) of remotely originated or sourced LAN packets with an unused ID which is an alias (AID) before sending the LAN packet with the AID as its SID on the local LAN segment. The reverse occurs in response to locally sourced LAN packets containing the AID as the DID. The ID of the remote node which correlates to the AID is substituted as the DID before the LAN packet is transmitted to the remote LAN segment. By aliasing in this manner LAN packets are communicated by use of the AIDs between the nodes having the duplicate IDs on the two LAN segments without changing the LAN protocol. Each communicator preferably includes a transmitter and receiver by which to communicate bridge packets between communicators. The LAN packets are encapsulated in the bridge packets. Unique communicator source and destination identifications are included in each bridge packet to form a tuple which uniquely identifies each node in the Group without regard to the duplicate IDs on the separate LAN segments.

Claims

1. Bridging apparatus for communicating LAN packets between at least two separate LAN segments in which at least one node of a local LAN segment has a duplicate identification (ID) of a node of at least one other remote LAN segment, comprising:

LAN interface means adapted to be connected to each LAN segment and operative for communicating LAN packets with the nodes of the connected LAN segment using a LAN protocol, the LAN protocol prohibiting nodes with the same ID only on each LAN segment, the LAN protocol further requiring a source ID (SID) and a destination ID (DID) to be included in each LAN packet to identify a source node sending the LAN packet and a destination node receiving the LAN packet respectively, each LAN packet being one of either a locally destined LAN packet sent by a source node on a local LAN segment and destined for a destination node on the same local LAN segment or a remotely destined LAN packet sent by a source node on one LAN segment and destined for a destination node on a different and remote LAN segment; and

interoperative bridging means operatively connected to and controlling the LAN interface means, the interoperative bridging means functioning in response to a remotely destined LAN packet to communicate the remotely destined LAN packet to the remote LAN segment, the interoperative bridging means further including aliasing means;

the aliasing means responding to the SID of a remotely destined LAN packet received from one LAN segment and determining if the SID is a duplicate of an ID in use on the other LAN segment and if so substituting for the SID an unused ID on the other LAN segment as an alias ID (AID) before sending the LAN packet with the AID as the SID on the other LAN segment, and

the aliasing means communicating LAN packets by use of the AID between the nodes having the duplicate IDs on the LAN segments without changing the LAN protocol.

2. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein:

the interoperative bridging means includes a control means which directly connects to and controls the operation of the LAN interface means and the aliasing means.

3. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein:

one LAN interface means is connected to each LAN segment;

the interoperative bridging means includes a communicator means associated with each LAN segment, the communicator means including the LAN interface means connected to each LAN segment, each communicator means including a transmitter and receiver means and a control means connected to and operatively controlling the LAN interface means and the transmitter and receiver means of each communicator means, the communicator means also including the aliasing means; and

the remotely destined LAN packets are communicated between the LAN segments by transmitting and receiving the remotely destined LAN packets in signals between the transmitter and receiver means of the communicator means associated with each LAN segment.

4. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein:

the signals transmitted and received are wirelessly transmitted signals.

5. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein:

the signals transmitted and received are radio frequency signals.

6. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein:

the control means determines information describing each ID in use on each local LAN segment and describing each ID in use on each remote LAN segment, and the aliasing means utilizes the ID in use information to substitute the AID as the SID.

7. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein:

the ID used as the AID for the duplicated ID on one LAN segment is different than the ID used as the AID for the duplicated ID on the other LAN segment.

8. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein:

the ID of each node is dynamically assigned on each LAN segment upon a node becoming operative on the LAN segment.

9. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein:

the dynamic assignment of each node ID occurs in accordance with the LAN protocol and involves sending an inquiry to an ID of the local LAN segment and thereafter assuming the ID to which the inquiry was sent if a response to that inquiry was not received; and

the control means sends a response to each inquiry on a local LAN segment which has a DID that is the same as the ID in use on another LAN segment.

10. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein:

the control means determines the ID in use information by causing the LAN interface means to send an inquiry to each ID of each LAN segment to obtain the ID in use information relating to the each ID which is in use on each LAN segment.

11. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein:

the control means further operatively establishes a time entry associated with the ID in use information for each ID in use, the time entry relating to the time when the ID in use information relating to that ID was last updated; and

the control means periodically updates the ID in use information associated with each node after the expiration of a predetermined time after the time entry.

12. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein:

the separate LAN segments for a Group;

each communicator means further including communicator interface means for transmitting and receiving bridge packets, each communicator interface means having a unique communicator ID (CID) which identifies and distinguishes it from every other communicator interface means in the Group; and

the control means operatively connects to and controls the communicator interface means of each communicator means;

the control means is operative in response to the receipt from the LAN interface means of a remotely destined LAN packet sent by a source node on the local LAN segment to which the LAN interface means is connected, to encapsulate the remotely destined LAN packet into a bridge packet and to control the communicator interface means to transmit the bridge packet for receipt by the communicator interface means associated with the remote LAN segment which includes the destination node to which the encapsulated LAN packet is destined;

the control means inserting a communicator source ID (CSID) and a communicator destination ID (CDID) in each bridge packet to identify the source communicator interface mans transmitting the bridge packet and the destination communicator means receiving the bridge packet, respectively;

the control means determining the CDID of the communicator interface means associated with the LAN segment which includes the destination node to which the encapsulated LAN packet is destined;

the control means is further operative in response to a bridge packet which has its CID as the CDID to extract the LAN packet from the received bridge packet and to control the LAN interface means to which the control means is connected to send the extracted LAN packet to the local LAN segment which includes the destination node to which the extracted LAN packet is destined.

13. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein:

the CDID of the bridge packet and the DID of the LAN packet form a tuple which uniquely identifies each node in the Group without regard to the duplicate IDs on the separate LAN segments.

14. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 13 wherein:

the control means determines information describing each ID in use on each local LAN segment and describing each ID in use on each remote LAN segment;

the aliasing means utilizes the ID in use information to substitute the AID as the SID;

the control means further periodically updates the ID in use information on each LAN segment to determine the possible transfer of an ID in use from one LAN segment to another LAN segment.

15. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 14 wherein:

the control means further operatively establishes a time entry associated with each item of ID in use information which describes the time that the item of ID in use information was last updated; and

the control means eliminates, downgrades, or reconfirms each item of ID in use information after the expiration of a predetermined time after the time entry was established.

16. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein:

the control means determines if the DID of a remotely destined LAN packet sent by a source node on the local LAN segment is connected is an AID and if so substitutes for the AID the ID of the remote node which correlates to the AID before the LAN packet is encapsulated and sent as a bridge packet.

17. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein:

the AID substituted for the duplicate ID by the aliasing means associated with one LAN segment is different than the AID substituted by the aliasing means associated with the other LAN segment.

18. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein:

the control means determines information describing the ID in use on the local LAN segment, describing the ID in use on each remote LAN segment, describing each CDID with which each ID in use on a remote LAN segment is associated and correlating each AID with its corresponding ID in use on a remote LAN segment and its associated CDID; and

the control means utilizes the information and the correlation to substitute the AID as the SID in each remotely destined LAN packet sent to a node with a duplicate ID.

19. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 18 wherein:

the ID of each node of each LAN segment is dynamically assigned upon a node becoming active on the LAN segment; and

the dynamic assignment of each node ID occurs in accordance with the LAN protocol and involves sending an inquiry to an ID of the associated LAN segment and thereafter assuming the ID to which the inquiry was sent if a response to that inquiry was not received; and

the control means sends a response on the local LAN segment to inquiries from local nodes to nodes with DIDs that are in use on remote LAN segments.

20. Bridging apparatus as defined in claim 19 wherein:

the control means further operatively causes its associated LAN interface means to send an inquiry to each ID of the local LAN segment to determine information relating to the nodes which are in use on the local LAN segment.

21. A bridging method for communicating LAN packets between at least two separate LAN segments in which at least one node of a local LAN segment has a duplicate identification (ID) of a node of at least one other remote LAN segment, comprising the steps of:

connecting a LAN interface to each LAN segment;

communicating LAN packets with the nodes of the connected LAN segment using the connected LAN interface operating in accordance with a LAN protocol;

prohibiting nodes with the same ID only on each LAN segment in accordance with the LAN protocol;

including a source ID (SID) and a destination ID (DID) in each LAN packet to identify a source node sending the LAN packet and a destination node receiving the LAN packet respectively, in accordance with the LAN protocol;

designating each LAN packet as one of either a locally destined LAN packet sent by a source node on a local LAN segment and destined for a destination node on the same local LAN segment or a remotely destined LAN packet by a source node on one LAN segment and destined for a destination node on a different and remote LAN segment; and

communicating a remotely destined LAN packet from a local LAN segment to a remote LAN segment by steps including;

determining if the SID of the remotely destined LAN packet received form one LAN segment is a duplicate of an ID in use on the other LAN segment, and if so

substituting for the SID an unused ID on the other LAN segment as an alias ID (AID) for the SID of the remotely destined LAN packet before communicating the LAN packet with the AID as the SID to the other LAN segment, and

communicating LAN packets by use of the AID between the nodes having the duplicate IDs on the LAN segments without changing the LAN protocol.

22. A bridging method as defined in claim 21 further comprising the steps of:

connecting one LAN interface means to each LAN segment;

connecting a communicator with each LAN segment, the communicator including the LAN interface connected to each LAN segment,

communicating the remotely destined LAN packets between the LAN segments by transmitting and receiving the remotely destined LAN packets between the communicators associated with each LAN segment.

23. A bridging method as defined in claim 22 further comprising the step of:

wirelessly transmitting and receiving the LAN packets.

24. A bridging method as defined in claim 23 further comprising the step of:

transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals to communicate the remotely destined LAN packets.

25. A bridging method as defined in claim 22 wherein:

determining information describing each ID in use on each local LAN segment;

determining information describing each ID in use on each remote LAN segment; and

utilizing the ID in use information to substitute the AID as the SID.

26. A bridging method as defined in claim 25 further comprising the step of:

using an ID as the AID for the duplicated ID on one LAN segment which is different than the ID used as the AID for the duplicated ID on the other LAN segment.

27. A bridging method as defined in claim 26 further comprising the step of:

dynamically assigning the ID of each node on each LAN segment upon a nod becoming operative on the LAN segment.

28. A bridging method as defined in claim 27 further comprising the steps of:

dynamically assigning each node ID in accordance with the LAN protocol by sending an inquiry to an ID of the local LAN segment and thereafter assuring the ID to which the inquiry was sent if a response to that inquiry was not received; and

sending a response from the communicator to each inquiry on a local LAN segment which has a DID that is the same as the ID in use on another LAN segment.

29. A bridging method as defined in claim 25 wherein the step of determining the ID in use information further comprises the step of:

sending an inquiry to each ID of each LAN segment to obtain the ID in use information relating to the IDs which are in use on each LAN segment.

30. A bridging method as defined in claim 29 further comprising the steps of:

establishing a time entry associated with the ID in use information for each ID in use, the time entry describing the time when the ID in use information relating to that ID was last updated; and

periodically updating the ID in use information associated with each ID in use after the expiration of a predetermined time after the time entry.

31. A bridging method as defined in claim 22, further comprising the steps of:

forming a group from a plurality of the separate LAN segments;

transmitting and receiving bridge packets between communicators;

assigning a unique communicator ID (CID) to each communicator which identifies and distinguishes it from every other communicator in the Group; and

encapsulating the remotely destined LAN packet into a bridge packet in response to the receipt by one communicator of a remotely destined LAN packet sent by a source node on the local LAN segment to which the one communicator is connected;

communicating the bridge packet to the communicator connected to the remote LAN segment which includes the destination node to which the encapsulated LAN packet is destined;

inserting a communicator source ID (CSID) and a communicator destination ID (CDID) in each bridge packet to identify the source communicator transmitting the bridge packet and the destination communicator receiving the bridge packet, respectfully;

determining the CDID of the communicator associated with the LAN segment which includes the destination node to which the encapsulated LAN packet is destined;

extracting the LAN packet from the received bridge packet in response to the receipt by a communicator of a bridge packet which has its CID as the CDID of the bridge packet; and

sending the extracted LAN packet to the local LAN segment which includes the destination node to which the extracted LAN packet is destined.

32. A bridging method as defined in claim 31 further comprising the step of:

forming a tuple which uniquely identifies each node in the Group without regard to the duplicate IDs on the separate LAN segments from the CDID of the bridge packet and the DID of the LAN packet.

33. A bridging method as defined in claim 32 further comprising the steps of:

determining information describing each ID in use on each local LAN segment;

determining information describing each ID in use on each remote LAN segment;

utilizing the ID in use information to substitute the AID as the SID;

periodically updating the ID in use information on each LAN segment to determine the possible transfer of an ID in use from on LAN segment to another LAN segment.

34. A bridging method as defined in claim 33 further comprising the steps of:

establishing a time entry associated with each item of ID in use information which describes the time that the item of ID in use information was last updated; and

one of eliminating, downgrading, or reconfirming each item of ID in use information after the expiration of a predetermined time after the time entry was established.

35. A bridging method as defined in claim 31 further comprising the steps of:

determines if the DID of a remotely destined LAN packet sent by a source node on the local LAN segment is connected is an AID; and

if so

substituting for the AID the ID of the remote node which correlates to the AID before the LAN packet is encapsulated and sent as a bridge packet.

36. A bridging method as defined in claim 31 further comprising the step of:

substituting an AID for the duplicate ID in LAN packets communicated on one LAN segment which is different than the AID substituted in LAN packets communicated on the other LAN segment.

37. A bridging method as defined in claim 31 further comprising the steps of:

determining information describing each ID in use on each local LAN segment;

determining information describing each ID in use on each remote LAN segment;

determining information describing each CDID with which each ID in use on a remote LAN segment is associated;

correlating each AID with its corresponding ID in use on a remote LAN segment and its associated CDID; and

the control means utilizes the information and the correlation to

substituting the AID as the SID in each remotely destined LAN packet sent to a node with a duplicate ID by using the correlation of determined information.

38. A bridging method as defined in claim 37 further comprising the steps of:

dynamically assigning the ID of each node of each LAN segment upon a node becoming active on the LAN segment; and

dynamically assigning each node ID in accordance with the LAN protocol by sending an inquiry to an ID of the local LAN segment and thereafter assuming the ID to which the inquiry was sent if a response to that inquiry was not received; and

sending a response from the communicator to each inquiry on a local LAN segment which has a DID that is the same as the ID in use on another LAN segment.