Selective polygon map display method

• US 5,341,463 A
• Filed: 01/31/1990
• Issued: 08/23/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 01/31/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Nation, David A., Wescott, Thomas F., McCleary, Lawrence E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Harkcom, Gary V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Smith, Mike
• Application Number:
  US07/473,258
• Time in Patent Office: 1,665 Days
• Field of Search: 395/123, 395/133, 395/134, 395/135, 395/138
• US Class Current: 345/441
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/05 Geographic models
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 29/005 Map projections or methods associated specifically therewith

Abstract

Signal transformations of inputted data brought about by 58 new subroutines in combination with other subroutines to display world maps or other display items with the unique capability of performing the following functions in complete generality. (1) Arbitrary selection of map center and coverage, including global displays, (2) filling of all land and lake areas defined by polygons composed of an arbitrary number of vertices, (3) clipping of map features and overlays at map boundaries and poles, (4) selection from any of nineteen currently implemented map projections with provision to install any other projection topologically similar to an oblique conic, (5) calculation of latitude/longitude for any point on a map without the need for inverse mapping equations, and (6) an efficient method of plotting polyline segments along great circles. These are a number of feature functions provided by this inventive concept. The software could potentially be used with any digital global geographic data base, such as World Data Bank II (WDBII), a geographic information system or other data base where polylines are used to depict linear and/or areal features. Polygon (region filled) maps and other display items can be constructed from any data base from which closed polygons can be extracted directly, or constructed via additional processing.

Claims

1. A method of selectively displaying areal and linear features having polygon fill of vector data for world maps and other display items by signal transformation of data representative of areal and linear features from which polygons can be extracted comprising:

feeding said data representative of areal and linear features from which closed polygons can be extracted to a computer;

establishing from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, display geographic coordinate relationships for display;

transforming from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, a greater circle polyline format for display;

selecting from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, background overlay features for display;

determining from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, spatial relationships between spherical polygons for display;

processing from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, to provide clipping and singularity removal at map interruption lines to allow the display of curved surface features in a flat plane;

clipping from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, polygons by lines so that portions thereof can be displayed as separate areas;

projecting from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, geographic coordinates onto a defined map display for the display thereof;

providing from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, inverse transformations to latitude/longitude which is the inverse of geographic to display coordinates for the display thereof; and

displaying said signal transformations of said establishing, transforming, selecting, determining, processing, clipping, projecting and providing to enable choices of the displayed said signal transformations to allow a designation of said choices of the displayed said signal transformations thereby assuring said selectably displaying of said areal and linear features.

2. A method according to claim 1 in which

the step of displaying includes the signal transformation of providing and the step of designating includes the choice of the displayed transformation of providing.

3. A method according to claim 2 in which said establishing geographic coordinates relationship is independent of specific projection and provides generic calculation of intersection between the map display and loxodrome bounded geographic sectors.

4. A method a according to claim 3 in which said transforming a great circle polyline format for display where individual line segments are defined as particular geographic curves is accomplished in a projection independent manner by adding points automatically as required by any specific projection to achieve accurate depiction of curved segments.

5. A method according to claim 4 in which said selecting background a overlay features for display is from a filled outline of the world, other areal features such as political districts and satellite footprints, and linear features such as vehicle paths and range rings.

6. A method according to claim 5 in which said determining spatial relationships between spherical polygons for display includes finding intersection, enclosure, longitudinal relationships, convex property, and minimum bounding small circle.

7. A method according to claim 6 in which said processing to provide clipping and singularity removal at the map interruption lies to allow the display of curved surface features in a flat plane is predetermined to avoid errors and anomalous behavior in any linear and filled areal features mapped from geographical coordinates onto a selective azimuthal, conical, and pseudocylindrical projection.

8. A method according to claim 7 in which said clipping polygons by lines so that portions thereof can be displayed as separate areas allows polygons of virtually any number of vertices to be subjected to said clipping and singularity handling to result that the sections of the input polygon are automatically subdivided as required to limit the maximum number of output vertices to a count compatible with the polygon fill capacity of a particular display device.

9. A method according to claim 8 in which said projecting geographical coordinates onto a defined map display applies to any azimuthal, conic, cylindrical, and pseudocylindrical projection including Albers Equal Area Conic, Azimuthal Equidistant, Azimuthal Equal Area, Equirectangular, Gnomonic, Equidistant Conic, Lambert Conformal Conic, Mercator, Miller, Oblique Mercantor, Orthographic, Equatorial Orthographic, Polar Orthographic, Perspective Polyconic, Polar Stereographic Sinusoidal, Stereographic and Universal Transverse Mercator.

10. A method according to claim 9 in which said providing inverse transformations to latitude/longitude which is the inverse of geographic to display coordinates requires input of a mathematical transformation defining a specific projection, some point on that specific projection and which solves the inverse by a generic method applicable to any azimuthal, conic, cylindrical and pseudocylinderical projection.

11. A method according to claim 1 in which

said establishing display geographic coordinate relationships is independent of specific projection and provides generic calculation of intersection between the map display (viewport) and loxodrome bounded geographic sectors;

said transforming a great circle polyline format for display where individual line segments are defined as particular geographic curves is accomplished in a projection independent manner by adding points automatically as required by any specific projection to achieve accurate depiction of curved segments;

said selecting background and overlay features for display is from a filled outline of the world, other areal features such as political districts and satellite footprints, and linear features such as vehicle paths and range rings;

said determining spatial relationships between spherical polygons for display includes polygons for display includes finding intersection, enclosure, longitudinal relationships (most easterly), convex property, and minimum bonding small circle;

said processing to provide clipping and singularity removal at map interruption lines to allow the display of curved surface features in a flat plane is predetermined to avoid errors and anomalous behavior in any linear and filled areal features mapped from geographical coordinates onto a selective azimuthal, conical, and pseudocylindrical projection;

said clipping polygons by lines so that portions thereof can be displayed as separate areas allows polygons of virtually any number of vertices to be subjected to said clipping to result that the sections of the input polygon are automatically subdivided as required to limit the maximum number of output vertices to a count compatible with the polygon fill capacity of a particular display device;

said projecting geographical coordinates onto a defined map display applies to any azimuthal, conic, cylindrical, and pseudocylindrical projection including Albers Equal Area Conic, Azimuthal Equidistant, Azimthal Equal Area, Equirectangular, Gnomonic, Equidistant Conic, Lambert Conformal Conic, Mercaptor, Miller, Oblique Mercantor, Orthographic, Equatorial Orthographic, Polar Orthographic, Perspective Polyconic, Polar Stereographic Sinusoidal, Stereographic and Universal Transverse Mercator; and

said providing inverse transformations to latitude/longitude which is the inverse of geographic to display coordinates requires input of a mathematical transformation defining a specific projection, some point on that specific projection and which solves the inverse by a generic method and applicable to any azimuthal, conic, cylindrical and pseudocylinderical projection.

12. A method of selectively displaying areal and linear features having polygon fill of vector data for world maps and other display items by signal transformations of data representative of areal and linear features from which polygons and polylines can be extracted comprising:

feeding said data representative of areal and linear features from which closed polygons and polylines can be extracted to a computer;

establishing from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, geographic coordinate relationships for display and interrogation;

transforming from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, a great circle polyline format for display;

selecting from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, background and overlay features for display;

determining from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, spatial relationships between spherical and loxodrome polygons for display;

processing from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, to provide clipping and singularity removal at map interruption lines to allow the display of curved surface features on a plane;

clipping from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, polygons by lines and great circle lines so that portions thereof can be displayed as disjoint entities;

projecting from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, geographical coordinates onto a graphic device for the display thereof;

providing from graphic displays of said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, inverse transformations from map plane coordinates to geographic coordinates for the display and spatial interrogation thereof; and

displaying said signal transformations of said establishing, transforming, selecting, determining, processing, clipping, projecting and providing to enable choices of the displayed said signal transformations to allow a designation of said choices of the displayed said signal transformations thereby assuring said selectably displaying of said areal and linear features.

14. A method according to claim 12 in which said establishing geographic coordinate relationships is independent of specific projection and provides generic calculation of intersection between the map display (viewport) and loxodrome bounded geographic sectors.

15. A method according to claim 14 in which said transforming a great circle polyline format for display where individual line segments may be defined as particular geographic curves is accomplished in a projection independent manner by adding points automatically as required by any specific projection to achieve accurate depiction of the curved segments.

16. A method according to claim 15 in which said selecting background and overlay features for display is from a filled outline of the world, other areal features such as political districts and satellite footprints, and linear features such as vehicle paths and range rings.

17. A method according to claim 16 in which said determining spatial relationships between spherical polygons for display includes finding intersection, enclosure, longitudinal relationships (most easterly), convex property, and minimum bounding small circle.

18. A method according to claim 17 in which said processing to provide clipping and singularity removal at the map interruption lines to allow the display of curved surface features in a flat plane is predetermined to avoid errors and anomalous behavior in any linear and filled areal features mapped from geographical coordinates onto a selective azimuthal, conical, and pseudocylindrical projection.

19. A method according to claim 18 in which said clipping polygons by lines so that portions thereof can be displayed as separate areas allows polygons of virtually any number of vertices to be subjected to said clipping and singularity handling to result that the sections of the input polygon are automatically subdivided as required to limit the maximum number of output vertices to a count compatible with the polygon fill capacity of a particular display device.

20. A method according to claim 19 in which said projecting geographical coordinates onto a defined map display applies to any azimuthal, conic, cylindrical, and pseudocylindrical projection including Albers Equal Area Conic, Azimuthal Equidistant, Azimuthal Equal Area, Equirectangular, Gnomonic, Equidistant Conic, Lambert Conformal Conic, Mercaptor, Miller, Oblique Mercantor, Orthographic, Equatorial Orthographic, Polar Orthographic, Perspective Polyconic, Polar Stereographic Sinusoidal, Stereographic and Universal Transverse Mercaptor.

21. A method according to claim 20 in which said providing inverse transformations to latitude/longitude which is the inverse of geographic to display coordinates relies upon input of a mathematical transformation defining a specific projection, some point on the specific projection and which solves the inverse by a generic method applicable to any azimuthal, conic, cylindrical and pseudocylinderical projection.

13. A method of selectively displaying areal and linear features having polygon fill of vector data for world maps and other display items by signal transformations of data representative of areal and linear features from which polygons and polylines can be extracted comprising:

feeding said data representative of areal and linear features from which closed polygons and polylines can be extracted to a computer;

establishing from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, geographic coordinate relationships for display and interrogation;

transforming from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, a great circle polyline format for display;

selecting from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, background overlay features for display;

determining from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, spatial relationships between spherical and loxodrome polygons for display;

processing from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, to provide clipping and singularity removal at map interruption lines to allow the display of curved surface features on a plane;

clipping from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, polygons by lines and great circle lines so that portions thereof can be displayed as disjoint entities;

projecting from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, geographical coordinates onto a graphic device for the display thereof;

providing from data mapped into a specific projection from said data representative of areal and linear features in said computer, inverse transformations from any location on a map from an input of a map location and an input of a transformation defining said specific projection that solves an inverse transformation by a generic method applicable to any azimuthal, conic, cylindrical, and pseudocylinderical projection; and

displaying said signal transformations of said establishing, transforming, selecting, determining, processing, clipping, projecting and providing to enable choices of the displayed said signal transformations to allow a designation of said choices of the displayed said signal transformations thereby assuring said selectably displaying of said areal and linear features.