Pump controller using acoustic spectral analysis

• US 5,349,852 A
• Filed: 11/15/1991
• Issued: 09/27/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 03/04/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Deka Products Limited Partnership
• Original Assignee: Deka Products Limited Partnership
• Inventors: Seale, Joseph B., Kamen, Dean L., Arnold, Finn, Briggs, Joseph
• Primary Examiner(s): NOLAND, THOMAS
• Application Number:
  US07/792,877
• Time in Patent Office: 1,047 Days
• Field of Search: 73/149, 73/290 B, 73/290 V, 137/101.31, 417/279, 417/282, 417/379, 417/384, 417/390, 417/395, 364/510, 364/564
• US Class Current: 73/149
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/1403 Flushing or purging
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/12 with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/15 Detection of leaks
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 39/22 Valves or arrangement of valves A61M39/02, A61M39/0247, A61M39/16 take precedence; regulating valves in infusion systems A61M5/16881; in devices worn by the patient for the reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge, or in colostomy devices A61F5/4405
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 39/24 Check- or non-return valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 39/26 Valves closing automatically on disconnecting the line and opening on reconnection thereof check valves A61M39/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 39/28 Clamping means for squeezing flexible tubes, e.g. roller clamps tube strippers A61M1/83
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/162 Needle sets, i.e. connections by puncture between reservoir and tube ; Connections between reservoir and tube in jet-action syringes A61M5/30; connectors for tubes having sealed ends and a needle for piercing them A61M39/14
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16809 by repeated filling and emptying of an intermediate volume pressure infusion using positive displacement pumps A61M5/142
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16813 by controlling the degree of opening of the flow line
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16859 Evaluation of pressure response, e.g. to an applied pulse
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/36 with means for eliminating or preventing injection or infusion of air into body dialysis systems, blood oxygenators A61M1/14; haemofiltration equipment A61M1/34; automatic tube cut-off A61M39/281
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/365 Air detectors A61M5/1684 takes precedence; in extracorporeal blood circuits A61M1/3626
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 43/043 Micropumps
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 43/14 having plate-like flexible members
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 31/004 actuated by piezoelectric means
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 31/005 Piezoelectric benders
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/34 by measuring pressure or differential pressure
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/66 by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 17/00 Methods or apparatus for determining the capacity of containers or cavities, or the volume of solid bodies measuring linear dimensions to determine volume G01B
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 13/0066 : by using differences of pressure in the fluid
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 16/0636 : characterised by the loading device of the membrane, e.g. spring
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 16/185 : using membranes within the main valve
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/2541 : With measuring type discharge assistant
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/86027 : Electric
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/87917 : Flow path with serial valves and/or closures
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/87981 : Common actuator

Abstract

A system for controlling the flow of fluid through a line (3). The system may include first and second valves (A, B; and 6, 7) in the line (3). Between the first and second valves is located a chamber (52, 82), part of which may be filled with fluid having a variable volume (52), and another part of which is filled with a measurement gas (82, V₁), such as air. The chamber may be isolated from the pressure effects in the rest of the line by closing both valves. The valves may also permit fluid to flow into or out of the chamber. The second portion of the chamber has a common boundary with the first part in such a way that the combined volume of the first and second parts is constant. A loudspeaker (22, 33, 571) creates sound waves in the gas in the second part of the chamber, in order to measure the volume of the fluid in the first part. A controller directs the operation of the valves and controls positive and negative pressure sources, which may be used to create subsonic pressure variations to produce the desired flow. The volume measurement is achieved by acoustic volume measurement techniques.

Claims

1. A system for controlling the flow of liquid through a line, the system comprising:

a chamber disposed in the line, wherein the chamber has an inlet from the line and an outlet to the line, wherein the chamber houses a volume of gas in communication with liquid in the chamber;

isolation means for isolating in the chamber a volume of liquid from pressure effects of liquid in the rest of the line and for dispensing liquid from the chamber, wherein the isolation means includes a first valve means, located at the inlet, for selectively permitting and preventing flow into the chamber, and a second valve means, located at the outlet, for selectively permitting and preventing flow out of the chamber;

resonance means for associating with the chamber a resonatable mass of known acoustic characteristics, associated with the chamber, so as to form an acoustic resonant system;

detection means for determining a frequency of self-resonance of the system, and, based on the frequency of self-resonance, the volume of gas in the chamber; and

control means, in communication with the first and second valve means and the detection means, for receiving information regarding the volume of gas in the chamber and directing the operation of the first and second valve means in order to measure and control flow of liquid through the line.

2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the control means causes

(i) the second valve means to prevent flow out of the chamber,

(ii) the first valve means to permit flow into the chamber, while the second valve means prevents flow,

(iii) the first valve means to prevent flow, after liquid has flowed into the chamber,

(iv) the detection means to determine the volume of gas in the chamber, while both the first and second valve means are closed,

(v) the second valve means to permit flow from the chamber after the volume has been determined, and

(vi) the detection means to determine the volume of gas in the chamber after the second valve means has permitted liquid to flow from the chamber.

3. A system according to claim 1, wherein the detection means includes:

means for generating electrical signals, each having one of a variety of frequencies;

means for converting each of the electrical signals into an acoustic response in the chamber;

means for determining a phase change of an acoustic response with respect to its corresponding electrical signal;

means for determining an amplitude of the acoustic response with respect to its corresponding electrical signal;

means for storing in an array the phase change and amplitude for each frequency;

means for determining, based on the array, whether a frequency is a resonant frequency of the acoustic resonant system; and

means for determining, based on a resonant frequency, the volume of gas in the chamber.

4. A system according to claim 1, wherein the detection means includes:

means for generating an electrical signal having a frequency;

means for converting the electrical signal into an acoustic response in the chamber;

means for determining a phase change of the acoustic response with respect to the electrical signal; and

means for determining, based on the frequency and the phase change, the volume of gas in the chamber.

5. A system according to claim 1, wherein the detection means includes:

means for generating electrical signals having a variety of frequencies;

means for converting electrical signals into an acoustic response in the chamber;

means for determining a phase change of an acoustic response with respect to the electrical signal causing the acoustic response;

means for determining an amplitude of an acoustic response with respect to the electrical signal causing the acoustic response;

means for storing in an array phase changes and amplitudes for a spectrum of frequencies;

means for determining, based on the array, a preliminary resonant frequency of the acoustic resonant system;

means for determining, based on the frequency and the phase change of the acoustic response caused by an electrical signal having as a frequency the preliminary resonant frequency, the volume of gas in the chamber.

6. A system according to claim 1, further including pressure means for varying the pressure of the gas in the chamber in order to pull liquid into or force liquid out of the region, and wherein the control means also directs the operation of the pressure means to produce the desired flow through the line.

7. A system for controlling the flow of liquid through a line, the system comprising:

a chamber disposed in the line, wherein the chamber has an inlet from the line and an outlet to the line, wherein the chamber houses a volume of gas in communication with liquid in the chamber;

isolation means for isolating in the chamber a volume of liquid from pressure effects of liquid in the rest of the line and for dispensing liquid from the chamber, wherein the isolation means includes a first valve means, located at the inlet, for selectively permitting and preventing flow into the chamber, and a second valve means, located at the outlet, for selectively permitting and preventing flow out of the chamber;

a resonatable mass of known acoustic characteristics, associated with the chamber, so as to form an acoustic resonant system;

signal means for generating an electrical signal having a spectrum of frequencies;

acoustic means for converting the electrical signal into an acoustic response in the chamber;

detection means for determining whether a frequency in the spectrum causes the resonatable mass to resonate, and calculating, based on a determined resonant frequency, the volume of gas in the chamber; and

control means, in communication with the first and second valve means and the detection means, for receiving information regarding the volume of gas in the chamber and directing the operation of the first and second valve means in order to measure and control flow of liquid through the line.

8. A system according to claim 7, further including measurement means for measuring, at a frequency in the spectrum, gain of the acoustic response relative to the electrical signal;

and wherein the detection means determines whether a frequency is resonant, based on the gain of the acoustic response at the frequency.

9. A system according to claim 8, wherein the measurement means further includes means for measuring a phase angle of the acoustic response relative to the electrical signal, and

wherein the detection means determines whether a frequency causes the resonatable mass to resonate, based on the phase angle and the gain of the acoustic response at that frequency.

10. A system according to claim 7, wherein the detection means includes:

means for determining a phase change of an acoustic response with respect to its corresponding electrical signal;

means for determining an amplitude of the acoustic response with respect to its corresponding electrical signal;

means for storing in an array the phase change and amplitude for each frequency;

means for determining, based on the array, whether a frequency is a resonant frequency of the acoustic resonant system; and

means for determining, based on a resonant frequency, the volume of gas in the chamber.

11. A system according to claim 7, further including pressure means for varying the pressure of the gas in the chamber in order to pull liquid into or force liquid out of the region, and wherein the control means also directs the operation of the pressure means to produce the desired flow through the line.

12. A system for controlling the flow of liquid through a line, the system comprising:

a chamber disposed in the line, wherein the chamber houses a volume of gas in communication with liquid in the chamber;

isolation means for isolating in the chamber a volume of liquid from pressure effects of liquid in the rest of the line and for dispensing liquid from the chamber;

a resonatable mass of known acoustic characteristics, associated with the chamber, so as to form an acoustic resonant system;

signal means for generating an electrical signal having a spectrum of frequencies;

acoustic means for converting the electrical signal into an acoustic response in the chamber; and

detection means for determining whether a frequency in the spectrum causes the resonatable mass to resonate, and calculating, based on a determined resonant frequency, the volume of gas in the chamber;

wherein the detection means further includes means for determining, based on a determined resonant frequency, the presence of a gas-bubble in the liquid.

13. A system according to claim 12, wherein the detection means includes:

means for determining a phase change of an acoustic response with respect to its corresponding electrical signal;

means for determining an amplitude of the acoustic response with respect to its corresponding electrical signal;

means for storing in an array the phase change and amplitude for each frequency;

means for determining, based on the array, whether a frequency is a resonant frequency of the acoustic resonant system;

means for determining, based on a resonant frequency, the presence of a gas-bubble in the liquid; and

means for determining, based on the resonant frequency, the volume of gas in the chamber.

14. A system for controlling the flow of liquid through a line, the system comprising:

a chamber disposed in the line, wherein the chamber houses a volume of gas in communication with liquid in the chamber;

isolation means for isolating in the chamber a volume of liquid from pressure effects of liquid in the rest of the line and for dispensing liquid from the chamber;

a resonatable mass of known acoustic characteristics, associated with the chamber, so as to form an acoustic resonant system;

signal means for generating an electrical signal having a spectrum of frequencies;

acoustic means for converting the electrical signal into an acoustic response in the chamber;

detection means for determining whether a frequency in the spectrum causes the resonatable mass to resonate, and calculating, based on a determined resonant frequency, the volume of gas in the chamber; and

measurement means for measuring, at a frequency in the spectrum, gain of the acoustic response relative to the electrical signal;

wherein the detection means determines whether a frequency is resonant, based on the gain of the acoustic response at the frequency; and

wherein the detection means further includes means for determining, based on a determined resonant frequency, the presence of a gas-bubble in the liquid.

15. A system for controlling the flow of liquid through a line, the system comprising:

a chamber disposed in the line, wherein the chamber houses a volume of gas in communication with liquid in the chamber;

isolation means for isolating in the chamber a volume of liquid from pressure effects of liquid in the rest of the line and for dispensing liquid from the chamber;

a resonatable mass of known acoustic characteristics, associated with the chamber, so as to form an acoustic resonant system;

signal means for generating an electrical signal having a spectrum of frequencies;

acoustic means for converting the electrical signal into an acoustic response in the chamber;

detection means for determining whether a frequency in the spectrum causes the resonatable mass to resonate, and calculating, based on a determined resonant frequency, the volume of gas in the chamber; and

measurement means for measuring, at a frequency in the spectrum, gain of the acoustic response relative to the electrical signal, wherein the measurement means further includes means for measuring a phase angle of the acoustic response relative to the electrical signal;

wherein the detection means determines whether a frequency causes the resonatable mass to resonate, based on the phase angle and the gain of the acoustic response at that frequency; and

wherein the detection means further includes means for determining, based on a determined resonant frequency, the presence of a gas-bubble in the liquid.