Moisture barrier for battery with electrochemical tester

• US 5,355,089 A
• Filed: 07/22/1992
• Issued: 10/11/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 07/22/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Duracell Incorporated (Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Duracell Incorporated (Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated)
• Inventors: Treger, Jack
• Primary Examiner(s): Wieder, Kenneth A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tobin, Christopher M.
• Application Number:
  US07/914,943
• Time in Patent Office: 811 Days
• Field of Search: 73/440, 320/48, 324/104, 324/426, 324/433, 324/435, 340/636, 429/90, 429/91, 429/92, 429/93
• US Class Current: 324/435
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 7/005 Indication of measured value by colour change
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/00 Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/5044 Cells or batteries structurally combined with cell condition indicating means
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The combination of a main electrochemical cell (or battery cell) and a battery tester connected to the cell is disclosed. The battery tester is moisture sensitive, typically of the electrochemical type having a film-like construction comprising an anode layer, a cathode layer and electrolyte layer therebetween. The tester may be applied against the cell'"'"'s outer surface. A moisture vapor barrier film is applied over the tester and adhesively secured to the cell'"'"'s surface. The moisture barrier film is flexible, optically clear or at least translucent, and has a very low moisture vapor transmission rate. The moisture vapor barrier is preferably composed of mica film, but may desirably also be a film of polyparaxylylene or glass coated polymer. A hydrophobic hot melt, solvent-based or reactive thermosetting adhesive may be employed to bond the moisture vapor barrier film to the cell'"'"'s surface. The moisture barrier film prevents ambient moisture from passing to the tester and interfering with its operation.

Claims

1. The combination of an electrochemical cell and a cell condition indicator, said indicator having at least one moisture sensitive component;

wherein said electrochemical cell comprises a casing, a negative terminal, and a positive terminal;

wherein said condition indicator comprises an indicator cell comprises an anode layer, a cathode layer, and an electrolyte in operative association with each other; and

wherein said condition indicator is located proximally adjacent the outside surface of said casing;

the combination further comprising a moisture barrier covering said indicator cell; and

wherein at least one of the anode and cathode of said indicator cell provides a visually discernible indication of the condition of said electrochemical cell.

2. The combination of claim 1 wherein the moisture barrier has a moisture vapor transmission rate of less than about 0.02 gm H₂ O×

mm/(m² ×

24 hrs).

3. The combination of claim 1 wherein said moisture barrier comprises a film and an adhesive, wherein said adhesive is applied between at least a peripheral portion of said film and the outside surface of the electrochemical cell thereby encasing said indicator.

4. The combination of claim 1 wherein said indicator is visible through said moisture barrier.

7. The combination of claim 1 wherein the condition indicator has a thickness of less than about 10 mils (0.25 mm).

8. The combination of claim 1 wherein the moisture barrier has a degree of flexibility such that it does not crack if bent to an angle up to about 90 degrees.

9. The combination of claim 1 wherein the moisture barrier has a moisture vapor transmission rate of less than about 0.0004 gm H20×

mm/(m2×

24 hrs).

10. The combination of claim 1 wherein the moisture barrier further has a thickness between about 0.1 and 5 mils (0.0025 and 0.13 mm).

11. The combination of claim 1 wherein the moisture barrier comprises a film selected from the group consisting of mica, polyparaxylylene, and glass coated polymeric films.

12. The combination of claim 1 wherein the moisture barrier comprises mica.

13. The combination of claim 1 wherein the moisture barrier comprises mica selected from the group consisting of muscovite, phlogopite, biotite, lepidolite, roscoelite, fuchsite, fluorophlogopite, paragonite, anandite, celadonite, clintonite, ephesite, glauconite, hendricksite, illite, margarite, polylithionite, taeniolite, and zinnwaldite.

14. The combination of claim 1 wherein the moisture barrier comprises glass coated polymeric film.

15. The combination of claim 1 further comprising a heat shrinkable polymeric film applied over the moisture barrier and around at least a substantial portion of the electrochemical cell outer surface.

5. The combination of an electrochemical cell and a cell condition indicator, said indicator having at least one moisture sensitive component;

wherein said electrochemical cell comprises a casing, a negative terminal, and a positive terminal;

wherein said condition indicator comprises an indicator cell including a film-laminate comprising an anode layer, a cathode layer and an electrolyte layer in operative association with each other; and

wherein said condition indicator is located proximally adjacent the outside surface of said casing;

the combination further comprising a moisture barrier protecting said indicator cell; and

wherein at least one of the anode and cathode of said indicator cell provides a visual indication of the condition of said electrochemical cell.

6. The combination of an electrochemical cell and a cell condition indicator, said indicator having at least one moisture sensitive component;

wherein said electrochemical cell comprises a casing, a negative terminal, and a positive terminal;

wherein said condition indicator comprises an indicator cell comprising an anode layer, a cathode layer, and an electrolyte layer in operative association with each other; and

wherein said condition indicator is located proximally adjacent the outside surface of said casing; and

wherein said cell condition indicator has a thickness of less than about 10 mils (0.25 mm) and is electrically connected in parallel to said electrochemical cell, the combination further comprising a moisture barrier covering said indicator cell, and wherein at least one of the electrodes of said indicator cell becomes altered as said electrochemical cell discharges and whereby observation of the resulting altered electrode through said moisture barrier provides a visual indication of the state of charge of the electrochemical cell.

16. The combination of claim 6 wherein said indicator anode comprises zinc and said indicator cathode comprises manganese dioxide.

17. The combination of an electrochemical cell and a cell condition indicator in contact with said electrochemical cell;

said electrochemical cell comprising an outer surface, a negative terminal and a positive terminal and said indicator comprising a film-laminate including an anode layer, a cathode layer and electrolyte in operative association with each other; and

wherein said anode layer is electrically connected to said negative terminal and said cathode layer is electrically connected to said positive terminal;

the combination further comprising a moisture barrier film covering the indicator, a hydrophobic adhesive layer between at least a portion of the moisture barrier film and electrochemical cell outer surface to bond the moisture barrier film to said electrochemical cell wherein the moisture barrier film has a moisture vapor transmission rate of less than about 0.02 gm H₂ O×

mm/(m² ×

24 hrs) and said adhesive layer has a moisture vapor transmission rate less than about 2 gm H₂ O×

mm/(m² ×

24 hrs).

18. The combination of claim 17 wherein the moisture barrier film is flexible and has a degree of clarity which is at least translucent.

19. The combination of claim 17 wherein the moisture vapor barrier film has a thickness of less than about 5 mil (0.13 mm) and the adhesive layer is coated along the border of a surface of said moisture barrier film.

20. The combination of claim 17 wherein the adhesive layer comprises a hot melt polyolefinic adhesive.

21. The combination of claim 20 wherein the hot melt adhesive is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene and polyhexene and copolymers thereof.

22. The combination of claim 20 wherein the hot melt polyolefin adhesive is applied in the form of a dry film which is subsequently heated to tackify the adhesive.

23. The combination of claim 17 wherein the adhesive layer comprises a rubber based adhesive selected from the group consisting of butyl, polychloroprene, nitrile, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polysulfide, styrene-butadiene, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer and acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene block copolymer.

24. The combination of claim 17 wherein the moisture barrier film is selected from the group consisting of mica, polyparaxylylene and glass coated polyolefin.

25. The combination of claim 17 wherein the moisture barrier film comprises mica.