Moving an object in a three-dimensional workspace

• US 5,359,703 A
• Filed: 08/02/1990
• Issued: 10/25/1994
• Est. Priority Date: 08/02/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., Mackinlay, Jock
• Primary Examiner(s): Bayerl, Raymond J.
• Application Number:
  US07/562,048
• Time in Patent Office: 1,545 Days
• Field of Search: 395/119, 395/152, 395/138, 395/136, 395/127, 395/155, 395/161, 340/729
• US Class Current: 345/419
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04815 Interaction with a metaphor-based environment or interaction object displayed as three-dimensional, e.g. changing the user viewpoint with respect to the environment or object
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04845 for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 13/00 Animation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 345/953 Geometric processing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 345/959 Object path adherence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 345/96 Iterative display of preconfigured images

Abstract

In response to user signals requesting motion of a displayed object, a system presents a sequence of images, each including an object perceptible as a moved continuation of the previously displayed object. The user can independently request radial motion and lateral motion, and the system presents a sequence of images in which the object is displaced radially by the requested radial motion and laterally by the requested lateral motion. The user can request lateral motion by operating a mouse and can request radial motion by operating keys on a keyboard, with one key requesting motion toward a radial source and another key requesting motion away from the radial source. The radial source can be the viewpoint. The object'"'"'s motion toward the viewpoint includes two phases. In the first phase, the object follows an acceleration path, enabling the user to control motion near its starting point and providing increasingly rapid motion; in the second phase, it follows an asymptotic path, enabling the user to control its motion as it approaches the viewpoint and preventing it from passing the viewpoint. The displacements between positions on the asymptotic path can follow a logarithmic function, with each displacement a proportion of the distance from the previous position to the viewpoint. The phases can be produced by using the logarithmic function to clip an acceleration function. The same rate of acceleration can be applied when the user requests motion away from the viewpoint. The processor can perform an animation loop.

Claims

1. A method of operating a system that includes a display, a user input device, and a processor connected for receiving signals from the user input device and for presenting images on the display;

the user input device providing motion requesting signals requesting motion of objects;

the method comprising a sequence of steps, the sequence of steps including a first step and a number of following steps, each following step having a next preceding step;

the first step comprising a substep of presenting a respective image on the display;

the respective image of the first step including a respective object that is perceptible as having a respective position within a three-dimensional workspace;

each following step comprising substeps of;

receiving a respective motion requesting signal from the user input device requesting motion of the respective object of the next preceding step toward a destination position within the three-dimensional workspace; and

presenting a respective image on the display;

each respective image including a respective object that is perceptible as having a respective position within the three-dimensional workspace;

the respective object of each following step being perceptible as a continuation of the respective object of the next preceding step;

the respective position of each following step being displaced by a respective displacement from the respective position of the next preceding step;

the respective displacements following a logarithmic function so that the respective positions define an asymptotic path toward the destination position in the three-dimensional workspace.

2. The method of claim 1 in which the respective objects are perceptible as being viewed from a viewpoint, the destination position being the viewpoint, the respective positions defining an asymptotic path toward the viewpoint.

3. The method of claim 1 in which the respective position of each step is perceptible as positioned at a respective distance from the destination position;

the respective displacement of each following step being a proportion of the respective distance of the next preceding step.

4. The method of claim 1 in which each following step comprises a substep of performing an animation loop, the substeps of receiving the respective motion requesting signal and of presenting the respective image being included in the animation loop.

5. A method of operating a system that includes a display, a user input device, and a processor connected for receiving signals from the user input device and for presenting images on the display;

the user input device providing motion requesting signals requesting motion of objects;

the method comprising a sequence of steps, the sequence of steps including a first step and a number of following steps, each following step having a next preceding step;

the first step comprising a substep of presenting a respective image on the display, the respective image of the first step including a respective object that is perceptible as having a respective position within a three-dimensional workspace;

each following step comprising substeps of;

receiving a respective motion requesting signal from the user input device requesting motion of the respective object of the next preceding step; and

presenting a respective image on the display;

each respective image including a respective object that is perceptible as having a respective position within the three-dimensional workspace;

the respective object of each of the following steps being perceptible as a continuation of the respective object of the next preceding step;

the respective motion requesting signal of each of a first set of the following steps requesting motion of the respective object of the next preceding step toward a destination position;

the first set of following steps including first phase steps and second phase steps;

the first phase steps preceding the second phase steps;

the respective positions of the first phase steps defining an acceleration path in the three-dimensional workspace;

the respective position of each second phase step being displaced by a respective displacement from the respective position of the next preceding step;

the respective displacements of the second phase steps following a logarithmic function so that the respective positions of the second phase steps define an asymptotic path in the three-dimensional workspace.

6. The method of claim 5 in which the respective objects are perceptible as being viewed from a viewpoint, the destination position being the viewpoint, the asymptotic path being asymptotic with respect to the viewpoint.

7. The method of claim 5 in which the respective position of each step is perceptible as positioned at a respective distance from the destination position;

the respective displacement of each second phase step being a proportion of the respective distance of the next preceding step.

8. The method of claim 5 in which each following step comprises a substep of performing an animation loop, the substeps of receiving the respective motion requesting signal and of presenting the respective image being included in the animation loop.

9. The method of claim 5 in which the respective motion requesting signal of each of a second set of the following steps requests motion of the respective object of the next preceding step away from the destination position;

the respective positions of the second set of following steps defining an acceleration path away from the destination position.

10. The method of claim 9 in which the acceleration path defined by the respective positions of the first phase steps has a first rate of acceleration and the acceleration path defined by the respective positions of the second set of following steps has a second rate of acceleration;

the first and second rates of acceleration having the same magnitude.

11. A method of operating a system that includes a display, a user input device, and a processor connected for receiving signals from the user input device and for presenting images on the display;

the user input device providing motion requesting signals requesting motion of objects;

the method comprising a sequence of steps, the sequence of steps including a first step and a number of following steps, each following step having a next preceding step;

the first step comprising a substep of presenting a respective image on the display, the respective image of the first step including a respective object that is perceptible as having a respective position within a three-dimensional workspace;

each following step comprising substeps of;

receiving a respective motion requesting signal from the user input device requesting motion of the respective object of the next preceding step; and

presenting a respective image on the display;

each respective image including a respective object that is perceptible as having a respective position within the three-dimensional workspace;

the respective object of each of the following steps being perceptible as a continuation of the respective object of the next preceding step;

the respective motion requesting signal of each of a first set of the following steps requesting motion of the respective object of the next preceding step toward a destination position;

the respective position of each of the first set of following steps being displaced from the respective position of the next preceding step by a respective displacement;

each of the following steps in the first set further comprising a substep of determining the respective displacement by performing a clipping operation on first and second functions, the first function defining a first displacement to a first position that is on an acceleration path toward the destination position in the workspace;

the second function being a logarithmic function defining a second displacement to a second position that is on an asymptotic path toward the destination position in the three-dimensional workspace.

12. The method of claim 11 in which the respective objects are perceptible as being viewed from a viewpoint, the destination position being the viewpoint, the second position being on an asymptotic path toward the viewpoint.

13. The method of claim 12 in which the respective position of each step is perceptible as positioned at a respective distance from the destination position;

the second displacement being a proportion of the respective distance of the next preceding step.

14. The method of claim 11 in which each following step comprises a substep of performing an animation loop, the substeps of receiving the respective motion requesting signal and of presenting the respective image being included in the animation loop.

15. The method of claim 11 in which the respective motion requesting signal of each of a second set of the following steps requests motion of the respective object of the next preceding step away from the destination position;

the respective position of each of the second set of following steps being displaced from the respective position of the next preceding step by a respective displacement;

each of the following steps in the second set further comprising a substep of determining the respective displacement using a third function, the third function defining the respective displacement to the respective position so that the respective position is on an acceleration path away from the destination position.

16. The method of claim 15 in which the acceleration path that includes the first position has a first rate of acceleration and the acceleration path that includes the respective positions of the second set of following steps has a second rate of acceleration;

the first and second rates of acceleration having the same magnitude.