Sensor for measuring the amount of a component in solution

• US 5,378,628 A
• Filed: 10/19/1992
• Issued: 01/03/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/21/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Asulab SA (The Swatch Group AG)
• Original Assignee: Asulab SA (The Swatch Group AG)
• Inventors: Fraser, David, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M., Randin, Jean-Paul, Gratzel, Michael, Frenkel, Erik J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Warden, Robert J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Carpenter, Robert
• Application Number:
  US07/938,219
• Time in Patent Office: 806 Days
• Field of Search: 435/4, 435/25, 435/288, 435/817, 436/95, 422/82.01, 204/403, 204/153.12, 128/635
• US Class Current: 204/403.14
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/004 mediator-assisted
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/006 for glucose
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/817 Enzyme or microbe electrode

Abstract

A sensor for measuring the amount of a component in solution is disclosed. The sensor has a measuring electrode with at least one current collector, electrically connected to one of the electrical contacts and coated with a mixture comprising at least one oxidation-reduction enzyme specific to said component and at least one mediator transferring the electrons between said enzyme and said current collector wherein the mediator is a transition metal complex with at least one bipyridine, terpyridine or phenanthroline ligand substituted by at least one electron donor group. This sensor is particularly useful in the detection of glucose.

Claims

1. A sensor to be connected to a device for processing an electric signal provided by the sensor and representative of an amount of a component to be measured in a solution, said sensor comprising at least one measuring electrode and one reference electrode insulated from one another,

said electrodes defining an area to receive said solution and comprising respective areas defining electrical contacts to be connected to the device for processing the signal,

said measuring electrode comprising at least one current collector electrically connected to one of the electrical contacts and coated with a mixture comprising glucose oxidase as an oxidation-reduction enzyme specific to said component and at least one mediator means for transferring electrons between said enzyme and said current collector,

and said mediator means comprising tris(4,4'"'"'-dimethoxy-2,2'"'"'-bipyridine) osmium or bis(4,4'"'"'-dimethoxy-2,2'"'"'-bipyridine)mono(4,4'"'"'-dimethyl-2,2'"'"'-bipyridine) osmium.

2. A sensor according to claim 1 wherein the mixture of the measuring electrode further comprises an active conducting material and the mediator means transfers electrons between the enzyme and said active conducting material.

3. A sensor according to claim 2 wherein the active conducting material comprises a conducting polymer.

4. A sensor according to claim 1 wherein the mixture of the measuring electrode comprises an additive forming an immobilization network of at least one of the enzyme of the mixture and of an active conducting material on the surface of the collector of the measuring electrode.

5. An apparatus comprising a sensor according to claim 1 and said device for processing the signal provided by said sensor, said device comprising at least two areas defining electrical contacts to be connected to at least two electrodes of said sensor, an ammeter and means for displaying the amount of the component measured in the solution.

6. A sensor according to claim 2 wherein the mixture of the measuring electrode comprises an additive forming an immobilization network of at least one of the enzyme and the active conducting material of the mixture on the surface of the collector of the measuring electrode.

7. A sensor according to claim 2 wherein the active conducting material comprises a powder of carbon, and wherein the mixture deposited on the collector of the measuring electrode comprises between 1 and 2000 IU of glucose oxidase per mg of carbon powder and between 1 and 10000 μ

mol of mediator per mg of carbon powder.

8. A sensor to be connected to a device for processing an electric signal provided by the sensor and representative of an amount of a component to be measured in a solution, said sensor comprising at least one measuring electrode and one reference electrode insulated from one another;

said electrodes defining an area to receive said solution and comprising respective areas defining electrical contacts to be connected to the device for processing the signal;

said measuring electrode comprising at least one current collector electrically connected to one of the electrical contacts and coated with a mixture comprising an active conducting material, glucose oxidase as an oxidation-reduction enzyme specific to said component, at least one mediator means for transferring electrons between said enzyme and said current collector and between said enzyme and said active conducting material, and an additive forming an immobilization network of said mixture;

and said mediator means comprising tris(4,4'"'"'-dimethoxy-2,2'"'"'-bipyridine) osmium or bis(4,4'"'"'-dimethoxy-2,2'"'"'- bipyridine)mono(4,4'"'"'-dimethyl-2,2'"'"'-bipyridine) osmium.

9. A sensor according to claim 8 wherein the active conducting material comprises a powder selected from the group consisting of carbon, gold, platinum, palladium and a conducting metal oxide.

10. A sensor according to claim 8 wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of bovine serum albumin, glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide and a water-soluble polymer.

11. A sensor according to claim 8 wherein the active conducting material comprises a powder of carbon, and wherein the mixture deposited on the collector of the measuring electrode comprises 1 and 2000 IU of glucose oxidase per mg of carbon powder and between 1 and 10000 μ

mol of mediator per mg of carbon powder.

12. A sensor according to claim 11 wherein the mixture deposited on the collector of the measuring electrode comprises between 10 and 300 IU of glucose oxidase per mg of carbon powder and between 10 and 300 μ

mol of mediator per mg of carbon powder.

13. A sensor according to claim 12 wherein the mixture deposited on the collector of the measuring electrode comprises about 100 IU of glucose oxidase per mg of carbon powder and about 50 umol of mediator per mg of carbon powder.

14. A sensor according to claim 9 wherein the active conducting material comprises a powder of carbon, and wherein the mixture deposited on the collector of the measuring electrode comprises between 1 and 2000 IU of glucose oxidase per mg of carbon powder and between 1 and 10000 μ

mol of mediator per mg of carbon powder.