Pseudorandom noise ranging receiver which compensates for multipath distortion by dynamically adjusting the time delay spacing between early and late correlators

• US 5,390,207 A
• Filed: 03/24/1994
• Issued: 02/14/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/28/1990
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Novatel Incorporated (Hexagon AB)
• Original Assignee: Novatel Communications Incorporated
• Inventors: Fenton, Patrick, Van Dierendonck, Albert J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cain, David C.
• Application Number:
  US08/217,768
• Time in Patent Office: 327 Days
• Field of Search: 375/1, 342/357
• US Class Current: 375/149
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/215 issues related to spoofing
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/22 Multipath-related issues
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/29 carrier including Doppler, related G01S19/246 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/30 code related G01S19/246 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/37 Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/426 by combining or switching between position solutions or signals derived from different modes of operation in a single system
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7085 using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/709 Correlator structure

Abstract

A receiver for pseudorandom noise (PRN) encoded signals consisting of a sampling circuit, multiple carrier and code synchronizing circuits, and multiple digital autocorrelators. The sampling circuit provides digital samples of a received composite signal to each of the several receiver channel circuits. The synchronizing circuits are preferably non-coherent, in the sense that they track any phase shifts in the received signal and adjust the frequency and phase of a locally generated carrier reference signal accordingly, even in the presence of Doppler or ionospheric distortion. The autocorrelators in each channel form a delay lock loop (DLL) which correlates the digital samples of the composite signal with locally generated PRN code values to produce a plurality of (early, late), or (punctual, early-minus-late) correlation signals. Thus, during an initial acquisition mode, the delay spacing is relatively wide, on the order of approximately one PRN code chip time. However, once PRN code synchronism has been achieved, the code delay spacing is narrowed, to a fraction of a PRN code chip time. There are several advantages to this arrangement, especially in environments wherein multipath distortion in the received composite signal is of the same order of magnitude as a PRN code chip time.

Claims

1. A receiver for demodulating and decoding a composite radio frequency (RF) signal consisting of a plurality of transmitted pseudorandom noise (PRN) encoded signals comprising:

an RF downconverter, connected to receive the composite RF signal and to provide a composite intermediate frequency (IF) signal;

means for generating a local sample clock signal;

a sampling circuit, connected to receive the composite IF signal and the local sample clock signal, and to provide digital in-phase (I) samples and quadrature (Q) samples of the composite IF signal;

a plurality of channel circuits, each channel circuit for demodulating and decoding one of the transmitted PRN encoded signals, and connected in parallel with the other channel circuits such that the each channel circuit receives the I samples and Q samples at the same time as the other channel circuits, wherein each channel circuit further comprises;

a PRN code signal generator, connected to receive a synchronizing adjustment signal and to provide a local reference PRN code signal;

means for decoding the I and Q sample signals, connected to receive the I samples, the Q samples, and the local reference PRN code signal, the decoding means for multiplying the I and Q samples by the local reference PRN code signal, and providing decoded I and Q samples; and

autocorrelation means, connected to receive the decoded I and Q samples, for determining the autocorrelation power level at a first and second code phase delay, and for providing the synchronizing adjustment signal to the PRN code generator by comparing the autocorrelation power levels at the first and second phase delays, the first and second phase delays being dynamically narrowed by being set to a predetermined wide correlator delay during an initial acquisition period, and thereafter set to a predetermined narrow correlator delay.

2. A receiver as in claim 1 wherein each channel circuit further comprises:

means for providing an expected carrier phase signal;

a synchronizing circuit, connected to receive the sample clock signal, the expected carrier phase signal, and a synchronizing adjustment signal, and connected to provide an accumulated carrier phase signal and a PRN code phase control signal, the accumulated carrier phase signal and PRN code phase signals being synchronous with each other;

carrier rotation means, connected to receive the I samples, the Q samples, and the accumulated carrier phase signal, for phase-rotating the I and Q samples by an amount indicated by the accumulated carrier phase signal;

wherein the autocorrelation means provides the synchoronizing adjustment signal to the synchronizing circuit, and

wherein the PRN code phase signal is provided to the PRN code signal generator.

3. A receiver as in claim 1 wherein the predetermined wide correlator delays is equal to one chip time in the PRN code signal.

4. A receiver as in claim 1 wherein the predetermined narrow correlator delay is equal to a fraction of a code chip time in the PRN code signal.

5. A receiver as in claim 3 wherein the predetermined narrow correlator delay is equal to a fraction of a code chip time in the PRN code signal.

6. A receiver as in claim 1 wherein the correlation power level is determined by a dot-product discriminator.

7. A receiver as in claim 1 wherein the correlation power level is determined by a power discriminator.

8. A receiver as in claim 1 wherein the correlation power level is determined by early and late correlators.

9. A receiver as in claim 1 wherein the correlation power level is determined by punctual and early-minus-late correlators.

10. A receiver for demodulating and decoding a composite radio frequency (RF) signal consisting of a plurality of transmitted pseudorandom noise (PRN) encoded signals comprising:

an RF downconverter, connected to receive the composite RF signal and to provide a composite intermediate frequency (IF) signal;

means for generating a local sample clock signal;

a sampling circuit, connected to receive the composite IF signal and the local sample clock signal, and to provide digital in-phase (I) samples and quadrature (Q) samples of the composite IF signal;

a plurality of channel circuits, each channel circuit for demodulating and decoding one of the transmitted PRN encoded signals, and connected in parallel with the other channel circuits, such that each channel circuit receives the I samples and Q samples at the same time as the other channel circuits, wherein each channel circuit further comprises;

means for providing an expected carrier phase signal;

a synchronizing circuit, connected to receive the sample clock signal, the expected carrier phase signal, and a synchronizing adjustment signal, and connected to provide an accumulated carrier phase signal and a PRN code phase control signal, the accumulated carrier phase signal and code phase signals being synchronous with each other;

a PRN code signal generator, connected to receive the PRN code phase control signal and to provide a local reference PRN code signal;

decoding and carrier rotation means, including means for simultaneously demodulating and decoding the I and Q sample signals, connected to receive the I samples, the Q samples, the local reference PRN code signal, and the accumulated carrier phase signal, the demodulating means for phase-rotating the I and Q samples by an amount indicated by the carrier phase signal, and the decoding means for multiplying the I and Q samples by the local reference PRN code signal, and providing decoded I and Q samples; and

correlation means, connected to receive the decoded I and Q samples, for determining the correlation power level at first and second code phase delays, and for providing the synchronizing adjustment signal to the synchronizing circuit by comparing the correlation power levels at the first and second phase delays, wherein

the first and second phase delays are dynamically narrowed by being set to a predetermined wide correlator delay equal to a PRN code chip time during an initial PRN code lock acquisition period, and by being set thereafter to a predetermined narrow correlator delay equal to a fraction of a PRN code chip time.

11. A method for demodulating and decoding a composite signal consisting of a plurality of transmitted pseudorandom noise (PRN) encoded signals comprising:

sampling the composite signal in synchronizm with a local sample clock signal, and thereby providing digital in-phase (I) samples and quadrature (Q) samples of the composite signal;

feeding the I samples and Q samples to a plurality of channel circuits, each channel circuit connected in parallel with the other channel circuits such that each channel circuit receives the I samples and Q samples at the same time as the other channel circuits;

within each channel circuit;

generating a local reference PRN code signal in response to a synchronizing adjustment signal;

decoding the I and Q samples, by multiplying the I and Q samples by the local reference PRN code signal, and in response thereto, producing decoded I and Q samples;

determining the correlation power level of the I and Q samples at a first and second code phase delays, and for providing the synchronizing adjustment signal in response thereto, the first and second phase delays being dynamically adjusted from a predetermined wide correlator delay during an initial code lock acquisition period, and thereafter being set to a predetermined narrow correlator delay.

12. A method as in claim 11 further comprising:

providing an expected carrier phase signal;

producing an accumulated carrier phase signal and a PRN code phase control signal which are synchronous with one another, by combining the sample clock signal, the expected carrier phase signal, and a synchronizing adjustment signal; and

phase-rotating the I and Q samples by an amount indicated by the accumulated carrier phase signal.

13. A method as in claim 11 wherein the predetermined wide correlator delay is equal to one chip time in the PRN code signal.

14. A method as in claim 11 wherein the predetermined narrow correlator delay is equal to a fraction of a code chip time in the PRN code signal.

15. A method as in claim 13 wherein the predetermined narrow correlator delay is equal to a fraction of a code chip time in the PRN code signal.

16. A method as in claim 11 wherein the correlation power level is determined by a dot-product discriminator.

17. A method as in claim 11 wherein the correlation power level is determined by a power discriminator.

18. A method as in claim 11 wherein the correlation power level is determined by early and late correlators.

19. A method as in claim 11 wherein the correlation power level is determined by punctual and early-minus-late correlators.