Non-modal method and apparatus for manipulating graphical objects

• US 5,396,590 A
• Filed: 09/17/1992
• Issued: 03/07/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Kreegar, Jeffrey W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bayerl, Raymond J.
• Application Number:
  US07/946,930
• Time in Patent Office: 901 Days
• Field of Search: 395/159, 395/161, 395/155, 395/136-139, 395/133, 345/121, 345/126, 345/127, 345/131, 345/163, 345/167
• US Class Current: 715/808
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04845 for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour

Abstract

A computer controlled graphics display system that treats graphical objects in a uniform fashion for consistent, non-modal and direct manipulation of graphics objects. The user, by operating in a visual "point and click" fashion, may select a graphical object or shape and manipulate it in a number of ways without having to activate different modes for different manipulations. Possible manipulations include dragging, scaling, rotating and skewing. More than one shape can be selected and manipulated by compositing intersected shapes with a selection rectangle. The graphic manipulations are platform independent and thus are all carried out by directing the point and click tool.

Claims

1. In a computer system utilizing a graphics subsystem and having a cursor positioning device which comprises a switch having at least first and second positions, a method of manipulating graphical objects in a non-modal fashion on a computer display in an interactive computer graphics environment comprising the steps of:

monitoring for a graphical object to be selected, said graphical object comprising at least one or more shapes;

displaying non-modal object control tools in the proximity of a graphical object that has been selected, said non-modal object control tools including non-modal skew control tools;

detecting when one of the displayed non-modal object control tools is selected;

monitoring the movement of the cursor positioning device relative to the initial position of a selected non-modal object control tool; and

manipulating the selected graphical object as determined by which non-modal object control tool is selected and the subsequent movement of the cursor.

2. The method as described in claim 1 further comprising, after said detecting step, the step of erasing the non-modal object control tools that are not selected.

3. The method as described in claim 2 wherein said step of displaying non-modal object control tools comprises the steps of:

determining the bounds of the selected graphical object;

displaying non-modal scale control tools around said selected graphical object; and

displaying a non-modal rotate control tool at a predetermined point with respect to said selected graphical object.

4. The method as described in claim 3 wherein said step of displaying non-modal scale control tools comprises the steps of:

creating four non-modal scale control tools, each a rotated image of the other; and

placing the four non-modal scale control tools at opposing positions defined by the bounds of the selected graphical object.

5. The method as described in claim 1 wherein said step of displaying non-modal skew control tools comprises the steps of:

creating the non-modal skew control tools; and

placing the non-modal skew control tools at opposing positions defined by the bounds of the selected graphical object.

6. The method as described in claim 3 wherein said step of displaying a non-modal rotate control tool comprises the step of displaying the non-modal rotate control tool at the center of the bounds of the selected graphical object.

7. The method as described in claim 3 wherein said manipulating step comprises the step of moving the selected graphical object from a first location to a second location when said switch of said cursor positioning device is in said second position.

8. The method as described in claim 7 wherein said moving step comprises the steps of:

following said cursor positioning device while said switch of said cursor positioning device is in said second position;

supplying moving information to said graphic subsystem identifying said selected graphical object and the new location of said cursor positioning device; and

redisplaying the non-modal object control tools in the proximity of the selected graphical object at said second location when said switch of said cursor positioning device is returned to said first position.

9. The method as described in claim 3 wherein said manipulating step comprises the step of scaling the selected graphical object from a first size to a second size when said selected non-modal object control tool is one of said non-modal scale control tools.

10. The method as described in claim 9 wherein said scaling step comprises:

following said cursor positioning device while said non-modal scale control tool is selected;

supplying scaling information to said graphics subsystem identifying said selected graphical object and the new location of said cursor positioning device; and

displaying the scaled graphical object after scaling has been applied.

11. The method as described in claim 3 wherein said manipulating step comprises the step of skewing the selected graphical object from a first skew orientation to a second skew orientation when said selected non-modal object control tool is one of said non-modal skew control tools.

12. The method as described in claim 11 wherein said skewing step comprises:

following said cursor positioning device while said non-modal skew control tool is selected;

supplying skewing information to said graphics subsystem identifying said selected graphical object and the new location of said cursor positioning device; and

displaying the skewed graphical object after skewing has been applied.

13. The method as described in claim 3 wherein said manipulating step comprises the step of rotating the selected graphical object from a first rotational orientation to a second rotational orientation when said selected non-modal object control tool is the non-modal rotate control tool.

14. The method as described in claim 13 wherein said rotate step comprises:

following said cursor positioning device while said non-modal rotate control tool is selected;

supplying rotation information to said graphics subsystem identifying said selected graphical object and the new location of said cursor positioning device; and

displaying the rotated graphical object after rotating has been applied.

15. The method as described in claim 3 wherein said manipulating step comprises the step of moving the non-modal rotate control tool from a first location with respect to the selected graphical object to a second location with respect to the selected graphical object.

16. The method as described in claim 1 wherein said step of monitoring for a graphical object to be selected comprises the steps of:

determining when said cursor positioning device indicates a position which intersects a graphical object; and

detecting when said switch of said cursor positioning device is placed temporarily into said second position and then returned to said first position.

17. The method as described in claim 1 wherein said step of monitoring for a graphical object to be selected comprises the steps of:

detecting when said cursor positioning device indicates a point not intersecting a graphical object, defining a first corner of a selection rectangle;

detecting when said switch of said cursor positioning device is placed in said second position;

following the motion of said cursor positioning device;

detecting when said switch of said cursor positioning device is returned to said first position, defining a diagonally opposing corner of said selection rectangle;

selecting all objects which intersect the selection rectangle defined by said first and diagonally opposing corners of said selection rectangle; and

compositing all selected objects into a single selected graphical object.

21. The method as described in claim 1 wherein said step of monitoring for a graphical object to be selected comprises the steps of:

determining when said cursor positioning device indicates a position which simultaneously intersects first and second graphical objects, wherein said first graphical object overlaps said second graphical object;

detecting the selection of said first graphical object when said switch of said cursor positioning device is twice placed temporarily into said second position and returned to said first position; and

after said first graphical object has been selected, detecting the selection of said second graphical object when said switch of said cursor positioning device is twice placed temporarily into said second position and returned to said first position.

18. In a computer system, said computer system including a processor, bus, cursor positioning circuitry, RAM memory and disk memory, a computer controlled graphics display system for providing an interface with a user of said computer system, said computer controlled graphics display system comprising:

circuitry for displaying graphical objects;

circuitry for selecting a graphical object coupled to said circuitry for displaying graphical objects, said graphical object comprising one or more shapes;

circuitry for displaying non-modal object control tools in the proximity of said graphical object, said non-modal object control tools including non-modal skew object control tools;

circuitry for selecting at least one of said non-modal object control tools; and

circuitry for manipulating a selected graphical object responsive to the motion of said cursor positioning circuit with respect to a selected non-modal object control tool.

19. The computer controlled graphics display system of claim 18 wherein said non-modal graphics control tools comprise non-modal scale control tools, non-modal skew control tools and a non-modal rotate control tool.

20. In a computer system utilizing a graphics subsystem and having a cursor positioning device which comprises a switch having at least first and second positions, a method of manipulating graphical objects in a non-modal fashion on a computer display in an interactive computer graphics environment comprising the steps of:

monitoring for a graphical object to be selected, said graphical object comprising at least one or more shapes;

displaying non-modal object control tools in the proximity of a graphical object that has been selected, said non-modal object control tools including a non-modal rotate control tool;

detecting when one of the displayed non-modal object control tools is selected;

monitoring the movement of the cursor positioning device relative to the initial position of a selected non-modal object control tool; and

manipulating the selected graphical object as determined by which non-modal object control tool is selected and the subsequent movement of the cursor.