System and method for transmitting a plurality of digital services

• US 5,400,401 A
• Filed: 10/30/1992
• Issued: 03/21/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 10/30/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Tech 5 SAS
• Original Assignee: Scientific-Atlanta Incorporated (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Wasilewski, Anthony J., Lucas, Keith
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, Tod R.
• Application Number:
  US07/968,846
• Time in Patent Office: 872 Days
• Field of Search: 380/10, 380/21, 380/20, 380/48, 380/49, 380/50, 370/79, 370/82, 370/84
• US Class Current: 380/212
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/28 Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2221 being a cable television head-end CATV in broadcast systems H04H20/78
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2347 involving video stream encryption
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23608 Remultiplexing multiplex streams, e.g. involving modifying time stamps or remapping the packet identifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23614 Multiplexing of additional data and video streams arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information H04H20/28
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2362 Generation or processing of Service Information [SI]
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2365 Multiplexing of several video streams
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4345 Extraction or processing of SI, e.g. extracting service information from an MPEG stream
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4347 Demultiplexing of several video streams
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4405 involving video stream decryption
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/6332 directed to client
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/1675 Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence pseudo-random number generators in general G06F7/58
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17318 Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/20 Adaptations for transmission via a GHz frequency band, e.g. via satellite

Abstract

A plurality of digital services are carried in a multiplex data stream to a plurality of remote locations. The multiplex data stream comprises a continuous sequence of frames. Each frame comprises two consecutive fields, and each field comprises a plurality of lines. A first group of the lines in each field defines a transport layer region of that field, and a second group of the lines defines a service data region. Portions of the service data region of each field are allocated to respective ones of the video services in proportion to respective data rates of each service. A multiplex control packet is generated for each field that specifies, for each service, which portion of the service data region is allocated to that service. The multiplex control packet for each field is inserted into the transport layer region of that field along with a plurality of other packets that contain system related information. A multiplex map is generated and inserted in the first line of the transport layer of each field that specifies the number and location of packets within the transport layer. A multiplex map is transmitted with each field, and therefore, the number and location of packets within the transport layer may be dynamically adjusted on a per field basis. Additionally, the service allocation within the service data region of each field may be altered on a per frame basis to support statistical multiplexing.

Claims

1. In a communications system, a method of transmitting a plurality of digital services from an origination point to at least one remote location, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) multiplexing said plurality of digital services in a time-division manner to form a multiplexed data stream, said multiplexed data stream having a format comprising a continuous sequence of fields, the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within each field being different for at least one of said fields;

(b) generating, for each field, multiplex location data that specifies the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within that field, and inserting the multiplex location data in the multiplex data stream at predetermined positions within that field; and

(c) transmitting successive fields of the multiplex data stream to at least one remote location, whereby the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within each field may vary from field to field and the multiplex location data within each field may be employed at the remote location to determine the locations of the multiplexed data within each field.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein each digital service has a respective data rate, and wherein the portion of each field at which the multiplexed data of said digital services is located defines a service data region of that field, and further wherein step (a) comprises allocating different portions of the service data region of each field to different ones of the digital services in proportion to the respective data rates of each service.

3. A method according to claim 2 further comprising the step of adjusting the size of the portions of the service data regions allocated to a particular service.

4. A method according to claim 2 wherein at least some of said digital services comprise digital video services, and further wherein a portion of said service data region of each field comprises a video portion, different bits of the video portion of each field being allocated to different ones of said digital video services.

5. A method according to claim 4 further comprising performing the following additional steps for each field:

(i) generating at least one video multiplex control packet that specifies which bits in the video portion of the field are allocated to which digital video services; and

(ii) inserting said at least one video multiplex control packet in said field prior to transmitting that field of the multiplex data stream in step (c), the multiplex location data generated for said field specifying the locations of said at least one video multiplex control packet within said field.

6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the video portion of each field comprises a plurality of video data packets each comprising a same number of bits, different portions of each video data packet being allocated to different ones of said digital video services, the allocation of bits within each video data packet of a particular field being the same, said at least one video multiplex control packet in each field specifying which bits in each video data packet of that field are allocated to which of said digital video services.

7. A method according to claim 1 wherein some of said digital services are video services to be transformed at said remote location into an analog video format, and wherein the format of each field of the multiplex data stream is related to a corresponding analog field format of said analog video format.

8. A method according to claim 1 wherein each field of the multiplex data stream comprises a plurality of successive lines each containing a predetermined number of bits, and wherein step (c) comprises transmitting successive lines of each field at a rate substantially equal to a horizontal line frequency of an analog video format.

9. A method according to claim 1 wherein each field begins with a field synchronization word (VSYNC) and wherein step (b) comprises inserting the multiplex location data for each field after the field synchronization word.

10. A method according to claim 1 wherein step (a) further comprises inserting a plurality of different types of system related packets at different locations within selected fields of the multiplexed data stream, and wherein the multiplex location data generated for each field specifies the locations of each of the different types of system related packets contained in that field.

11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the system related packets comprise at least one of the following types:

system data packets (SDPs), addressable data packets (ADPs), virtual channel map packets (VCMPs), service seed packets (SSPs), teletext packets (TTs) and video multiplex control packets (VMCPs), and further wherein the number and types of system related packets contained in said fields may differ from field to field.

12. A method according to claim 10 wherein the multiplex location data inserted in each field comprises a multiplex map that specifies the number of each of the different types of system related packets contained in that field.

13. In a communications system, a method of transmitting a plurality of digital services and a plurality of different types of system related packets from an origination point to at least one remote location, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) multiplexing said digital services and said system related packets in a time-division manner to form a multiplexed data stream having a format comprising a continuous sequence of fields, one portion of each field containing selected ones of said different types of system related packets and remaining portions of each field containing multiplexed data of said plurality of digital services, the locations of the system related packets and the multiplexed data of said digital services within each field being different for at least one of said fields;

(b) for each field, (i) generating multiplex location data that specifies the locations of each type of system related packet contained in that field and specifies the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within the field, and (ii) inserting the multiplex location data at pre-determined positions within that field; and

(c) transmitting successive fields of the multiplex data stream to at least one remote location.

14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the number and types of system related packets may vary from field-to-field, and wherein the multiplex location data generated for each field in step (b) comprises a multiplex map that specifies the number and locations of each of the different types of system related packets inserted in that field.

15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the system related packets comprise at least one of the following different types:

system data packets (SDPs), addressable data packets (ADPs), virtual channel map packets (VCMPs), service seed packets (SSPs), and teletext packets (TTs).

16. A method according to claim 13 wherein each of said plurality of digital service has a respective data rate, and wherein the portion of each field containing the multiplexed data of said digital services defines a service data region of that field, and further wherein step (a) includes allocating different portions of the service data region of each field to different ones of the digital services in proportion to the respective data rates of each service.

17. A method according to claim 16 further comprising the step of adjusting the size of the portions of the service data regions allocated to a particular service.

18. A method according to claim 16 wherein some of said digital services comprise digital video services, and further wherein a portion of said service data region of each field comprises a video portion, different bits of the video portion of each field being allocated to different ones of said digital video services.

19. A method according to claim 18 further comprising performing the following additional steps for each field:

(i) generating at least one video multiplex control packet that specifies which bits in the video portion of the field are allocated to which digital video services; and

(ii) inserting said at least one video multiplex control packet in said field prior to transmitting that field of the multiplex data stream in step (c), the multiplex location data generated for said field specifying the locations of said at least one video multiplex control packet within said field.

20. A method according to claim 19 wherein the video portion of each field comprises a plurality of video data packets each comprising a same number of bits, different portions of each video data packet being allocated to different ones of said digital video services, the allocation of bits within each video data packet of a particular field being the same, said at least one video multiplex control packet in each field specifying which bits in each video data packet of that field are allocated to which of said digital video services.

21. A method according to claim 13 wherein at least one of said digital services comprises a digital video service to be converted at said remote location into an analog video format, and wherein the format of each field of the multiplex data stream is related to a corresponding analog field format of said analog video format.

22. A method according to claim 13 wherein at least one of said digital services comprises a digital video service to be converted at the remote location into an analog video format, and wherein each field of the multiplex data stream comprises a plurality of successive lines each containing a pre-determined number of bits, and further wherein step (c) comprises transmitting successive lines of each field at a rate substantially equal to a horizontal line frequency of said analog video format.

23. A method according to claim 13 wherein each field begins with a field synchronization word (VSYNC), and wherein step (b)(ii) comprises inserting the multiplex location data for each field after the field synchronization word.

24. A method of demultiplexing a multiplexed data stream received at a remote location, wherein said multiplexed data stream contains multiplexed data of a plurality of digital services and has a format comprising a plurality of fields wherein the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within each field may differ from field to field, each field containing multiplex location data that specifies the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within that field, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving successive fields of the multiplex data stream at the remote location; and

(b) for each successive field;

(i) extracting the multiplex location data from the field and identifying, based at least in part upon information contained therein, the locations within that field of the multiplexed data of said digital services; and

(ii) extracting from the field the data of a selected one of said digital services.

25. A method according to claim 24 wherein each field of the multiplexed data stream further contains a plurality of different types of system related packets and the locations of the system related packets within each field may vary from field to field, the multiplex location data in each field specifying the number and locations of each type of system related packet in that field, step (b) further comprising locating and extracting the system related packets contained in each field based upon information contained in the multiplex location data of each respective field.

26. A method according to claim 24 wherein at least some of said digital services comprise digital video services, the data of said digital video services being located within a video portion of each field, different bits of the video portion of each field being allocated to different ones of the digital video services, each field further containing at least one video multiplex control packet that specifies which bits of the video portion of that field are allocated to which digital video services, the multiplex location data in each field specifying the locations of said at least one video multiplex control packet with the field, said method of decoding further comprising the steps of, for each field:

(c) locating said at least one video multiplex control packet in the field based upon information contained in the extracted multiplex location data for that field; and

(d) identifying from the video multiplex control packet which bits of the video portion of the field are allocated to a selected one of the digital video services.

27. A method of demultiplexing a multiplexed data stream received at a remote location, wherein said multiplexed data stream contains multiplexed data of a plurality of digital services and a plurality of different types of system related packets, and wherein said multiplexed data stream has a format comprising a continuous sequence of fields, one portion of each field containing selected ones of said different types of system related packets and a remaining portion of each field containing multiplexed data of said plurality of digital services, the locations of the system related packets and the multiplexed data of said digital services within each field being different for at least one of said fields, each field containing multiplex location data that specifies the locations of each type of system related packet contained in that field and the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services with that field, said method of demultiplexing comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving successive fields of the multiplex data stream at the remote location; and

(b) for each successive field;

(i) extracting the multiplex location data from said field; and

(ii) locating and extracting the system related packets and the multiplexed data of a selected digital service from the field based upon information contained in the extracted multiplex location data.

28. A method according to claim 27 wherein at least some of said digital services comprise digital video services, the data of said digital video services being located within a video portion of each field, different bits of the video portion of each field being allocated to different ones of the digital video services, each field further containing at least one video multiplex control packet that specifies which bits of the video portion of that field are allocated to which digital video services, the multiplex location data in each field specifying the locations of said at least one video multiplex control packet with the field, said method of decoding further comprising the steps of, for each field:

(c) locating the video multiplex control packet in the field based on information contained in the extracted multiplex location data for that field; and

(d) identifying from the video multiplex control packet which bits of the video portion of the field are allocated to a selected one of the digital video services.

29. An encoder apparatus for multiplexing a plurality of digital services for transmission from an origination point to at least one remote location in a communications system, said encoder apparatus comprising:

multiplexer means for multiplexing said plurality of digital services in a time-division manner to form a multiplexed data stream, said multiplexed data stream having a format comprising a continuous sequence of fields, the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within each field being different for at least one of said fields;

means for generating, for each field, multiplex location data that specifies the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within that field;

means coupled to the multiplexer means for inserting the multiplex location data of each field in the multiplex data stream at pre-determined positions within each respective field; and

a transmitter coupled to the multiplexer means for transmitting successive fields of the multiplex data stream to at least one remote location.

30. An encoder apparatus according to claim 29 wherein each digital service has a respective data rate, and wherein the portion of each field at which the multiplexed data of said digital services is located defines a service data region of that field, and further wherein the multiplexer means allocates different portions of the service data region of each field to different ones of the digital services in proportion to the respective data rates of each service.

31. An encoder apparatus according to claim 30 wherein the multiplexer means is adapted to adjust the size of the portions of the service data regions allocated to a particular service.

32. An encoder apparatus according to claim 30 wherein at least some of said digital services comprise digital video services, and wherein a portion of said service data region of each field generated by said multiplexer means comprises a video portion, said multiplexer means being operative to allocate different bits of the video portion of each field to different ones of said digital video services.

33. An encoder apparatus according to claim 32 further comprising means for generating, for each field, at least one video multiplex control packet that specifies which bits in the video portion of the field are allocated to which digital video services and for inserting said at least one video multiplex control packet in the field, the multiplex location data generated for each field specifying the locations of each video multiplex control packet within that field.

34. An encoder apparatus according to claim 33 wherein the video portion of each field generated by said multiplexer means comprises a plurality of video data packets each comprising a same number of bits, said multiplexer means allocating different portions of each video data packet to different ones of said digital video services, the allocation of bits within each video data packet of a particular field being the same, said at least one video multiplex control packet generated and inserted in each field specifying which bits in each video data packet of that field are allocated to which of said digital video services.

35. An encoder apparatus according to claim 29 wherein each field generated by the multiplexer means comprises a plurality of successive lines each containing a pre-determined number of bits, and wherein the transmitter is operative to transmit successive lines of each field at a rate substantially equal to a horizontal line frequency of an analog video format.

36. An encoder apparatus according to claim 29 wherein the multiplexer means is adapted to insert a field synchronization word (VSYNC) at the beginning of each field and to insert the multiplex location data for each field after the field synchronization word.

37. An encoder apparatus according to claim 29 wherein the multiplexer means is further operative to insert a plurality of different types of system related packets at different locations within selected fields of the multiplexed data stream, and wherein the multiplex location data generated for each field specifies the locations of each type of system related packet inserted in that field.

38. An encoder apparatus according to claim 37 wherein the multiplex location data inserted in each field comprises a multiplex map that specifies the number of each of the different types of system related packets contained in that field.

39. An encoder apparatus according to claim 37 wherein the system related packets comprise at least one of the following types:

system data packets (SDPs), addressable data packets (ADPs), virtual channel map packets (VCMPs), service seed packets (SSPs), teletext packets (TTs) and video multiplex control packets (VMCPs).

40. An encoder apparatus for multiplexing a plurality of digital services and a plurality of different types of system related packets for transmission from an origination point to at least one remote location in a communications system, said encoder apparatus comprising:

multiplexer means for multiplexing said digital services and said system related packets in a time-division manner to form a multiplexed data stream having a format comprising a continuous sequence of fields, one portion of each field containing selected ones of said different types of system related packets and a remaining portion of each field containing multiplexed data of said plurality of digital services, the locations of the system related packets and the multiplexed data of said digital services within each field being different for at least one of said fields;

means for generating, for each field, multiplex location data that specifies the locations of each type of system related packet contained in that field and that specifies the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within that field;

means coupled to the multiplexer means for inserting the multiplex location data for each field in the multiplex data stream at pre-determined positions within the respective fields; and

a transmitter coupled to the multiplexer means for transmitting successive fields of the multiplex data stream to at least one remote location.

41. An encoder apparatus according to claim 40 wherein the number and types of system related packets may vary from field-to-field, and wherein the multiplex location data generated for each field comprises a multiplex map that specifies the number and locations of each of the different types of system related packets carried in that field.

42. An encoder apparatus according to claim 41 wherein the system related packets comprise at least one of the following types:

system data packets (SDPs), addressable data packets (ADPs), virtual channel map packets (VCMPs), service seed packets (SSPs), and teletext packets (TTs).

43. An encoder apparatus according to claim 40 wherein each of said plurality of digital services has a respective data rate, and wherein the portion of each field containing the multiplexed data of said digital services defines a service data region of that field, and further wherein the multiplexer means allocates different portions of the service data region of each field to different ones of the digital services in proportion to the respective data rates of each service.

44. An encoder apparatus according to claim 43 herein the multiplexer means is adapted to adjust the size of the portions of the service data regions allocated to a particular service.

45. An encoder apparatus according to claim 43 wherein some of said digital services comprise digital video services, and wherein a portion of said service data region of each field comprises a video portion, said multiplexer means allocating different bits of the video portion of each field to different ones of said digital video services.

46. An encoder apparatus according to claim 45 further comprising means for generating, for each field, at least one video multiplex control packet that specifies which bits in the video portion of the field are allocated to which digital video services and for inserting said at least one video multiplex control packet in the field, the multiplex location data generated for each field specifying the number and locations of each video multiplex control packet within that field.

47. An encoder apparatus according to claim 46 wherein the multiplexer means constructs the video portion of each field from a plurality of video data packets each comprising a same number of bits, the multiplexer means allocating different portions of each video data packet to different ones of said digital video services, the allocation of bits within each video data packet of a particular field being the same, said at least one video multiplex control packet in each field specifying which bits in each video data packet of that field are allocated to which of said digital video services.

48. An encoder apparatus according to claim 40 wherein at least one of said digital services comprises a digital video service to be converted at the remote location into an analog video format, and wherein each field generated by the multiplexer means comprises a plurality of successive lines each containing a pre-determined number of bits, and wherein the transmitter is operative to transmit successive lines of each field at a rate substantially equal to a horizontal line frequency of said analog video format.

49. An encoder apparatus according to claim 40 wherein the multiplexer means is adapted to insert a field synchronization word (VSYNC) at the beginning of each field, and to insert the multiplex location data for each field after the field synchronization word.

50. A decoder apparatus for demultiplexing a multiplexed data stream containing multiplexed data of a plurality of digital services and having a format comprising a plurality of fields wherein the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within each field may differ from field to field, each field containing multiplex location data located at pre-determined positions therein that specifies the locations of the multiplexed data of said digital services within that field, said decoder apparatus comprising:

a receiver for receiving successive fields of the multiplex data stream;

first means coupled to the receiver for extracting the multiplex location data from a received field and for identifying, based at least in part upon information contained therein, the locations within that field of the multiplexed data of said digital services; and

second means coupled to the receiver and to the first means for extracting from each field the data of a selected one of said digital services.

51. A decoder apparatus according to claim 50 wherein each field of the multiplexed data stream further contains a plurality of different types of system related packets and the locations of the system related packets within each field may vary from field to field, the multiplex location data in each field specifying the number and locations of each type of system related packet in that field, said decoder apparatus further comprising means for locating and extracting the system related packets contained in a field based upon information contained in the multiplex location data extracted from that field.

52. A decoder apparatus according to claim 50 wherein at least some of said digital services comprise digital video services, the data of said digital video services being located within a video portion of each field, different bits of the video portion of each field being allocated to different ones of the digital video services, each field further containing at least one video multiplex control packet that specifies which bits of the video portion of that field are allocated to which digital video services, the multiplex location data in each field specifying the locations of said at least one video multiplex control packet with the field, said decoder apparatus further comprising:

means for locating and extracting said at least one video multiplex control packet in a received field based on information contained in the extracted multiplex location data for that field; and

demultiplexer means responsive to said at least one video multiplex control packet for extracting the bits of a selected one of the digital video services from the video portion of the received field.